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Guoyu Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated management of chive gnats bradysia odoriphaga yang zhang in Chives using entomopathogenic nematodes and low toxicity insecticides
Insects, 2019Co-Authors: Guoyu ZhaoAbstract:Bradysia odoriphaga is a major pest that causes damage to chive production, and which has developed resistance to highly toxic chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) show a high potential for B. odoriphaga control. This study aimed to develop an effective management method against B. odoriphaga larvae, using EPN with low-toxicity insecticides. Fourteen selected insecticides had no significant effects on the survival and infectivity of Steinernema feltiae SN and Heterorhabditis indica LN2. Synergistic interactions were observed for imidacloprid and osthole with S. feltiae SN against B. odoriphaga larvae. Steinernema feltiae SN was more effective than H. indica LN2 against B. odoriphaga at 15 and 20 °C, and the addition of imidacloprid at 1/10 recommended concentration (RC) significantly increased the efficacy of S. feltiae SN. The year-round occurrence of the B. odoriphaga larvae in chive fields treated by EPN and imidacloprid at 1/10 RC was studied. Results showed that the application of EPN with imidacloprid at 1/10 RC successfully suppressed larval populations of B. odoriphaga in chive fields, thus significantly increasing the yield of chive. The practical method of applying EPN–imidacloprid combinations provided a cost-effective and environmental safety strategy for controlling B. odoriphaga larvae in chive production, which can reduce the usage of toxic chemical insecticides.
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Integrated Management of Chive Gnats (Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang) in Chives Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Low-Toxicity Insecticides.
Insects, 2019Co-Authors: Guoyu ZhaoAbstract:Bradysia odoriphaga is a major pest that causes damage to chive production, and which has developed resistance to highly toxic chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) show a high potential for B. odoriphaga control. This study aimed to develop an effective management method against B. odoriphaga larvae, using EPN with low-toxicity insecticides. Fourteen selected insecticides had no significant effects on the survival and infectivity of Steinernema feltiae SN and Heterorhabditis indica LN2. Synergistic interactions were observed for imidacloprid and osthole with S. feltiae SN against B. odoriphaga larvae. Steinernema feltiae SN was more effective than H. indica LN2 against B. odoriphaga at 15 and 20 °C, and the addition of imidacloprid at 1/10 recommended concentration (RC) significantly increased the efficacy of S. feltiae SN. The year-round occurrence of the B. odoriphaga larvae in chive fields treated by EPN and imidacloprid at 1/10 RC was studied. Results showed that the application of EPN with imidacloprid at 1/10 RC successfully suppressed larval populations of B. odoriphaga in chive fields, thus significantly increasing the yield of chive. The practical method of applying EPN–imidacloprid combinations provided a cost-effective and environmental safety strategy for controlling B. odoriphaga larvae in chive production, which can reduce the usage of toxic chemical insecticides.
S M Bougourd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the frequency and meiotic behaviour of structural chromosome variants in natural populations of allium schoenoprasum l wild Chives in europe
Heredity, 1991Co-Authors: J P Stevens, S M BougourdAbstract:The frequency and meiotic behaviour of structural chromosome variants in natural populations of Allium schoenoprasum L. (wild Chives) in Europe
Hyeondong Shin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of sclerotinia stem rot caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum on chinese Chives in korea
Plant Disease, 2017Co-Authors: Inyoung Choi, Hyeondong ShinAbstract:Chinese Chives (Allium tuberosum Roxb.) is the fourth most important allium crop in Korea after bulb onion (A. cepa), Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), and garlic (A. sativum). During winter of 2014-2015, symptoms similar to Sclerotinia stem rot on other Allium hosts were observed in commercial crops of Chinese Chives ‘Green Belt’ in polyethylene tunnels in Iksan, Korea (35°56'37"N; 126°59'33"E). Disease incidence ranged between 10 and 20%. White mycelial mats containing sclerotia of 2 to 8 mm in diameter were observed on dead plants and the nearby soil surface. Symptomatic, mold-grown tissues were surface-disinfested in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min and placed on water agar plates. Hyphal tips growing out of the tissue were subsequently transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Pure cultures consistently yielded abundant white mycelia. Two-week-old cultures on PDA at 16 to 20°C developed sclerotia on the peripheral edges of the plate. The pathogen was morphologically identified as Sclerotinia sclerotior...
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first report of leaf blight caused by septoria allii on garlic Chives in korea
Plant Disease, 2013Co-Authors: J H Park, Hyeondong ShinAbstract:Garlic Chives, Allium tuberosum Roth., are widely cultivated in Asia and are the fourth most important Allium crop in Korea. In June 2011, a leaf blight of garlic Chives associated with a Septoria spp. was observed on an organic farm in Hongcheon County, Korea. Similar symptoms were also found in fields within Samcheok City and Yangku County of Korea during the 2011 and 2012 seasons. Disease incidence (percentage of plants affected) was 5 to 10% in organic farms surveyed. Diseased voucher specimens (n = 5) were deposited at the Korea University Herbarium (KUS). The disease first appeared as yellowish specks on leaves, expanding to cause a leaf tip dieback. Half of the leaves may be diseased within a week, especially during wet weather. Pycnidia were directly observed in leaf lesions. Pycnidia were amphigenous, but mostly epigenous, scattered, dark brown to rusty brown, globose, embedded in host tissue or partly erumpent, separate, unilocular, 50 to 150 μm in diameter, with ostioles of 20 to 40 μm in diame...
Peter Fodor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bioavailability of selenium from selenium enriched green onions allium fistulosum and Chives allium schoenoprasum after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Emese Kapolna, Peter FodorAbstract:Three sample preparation methods—proteolysis to determine the initial species distribution, and an in vitro gastric and gastrointestinal digestion to assess the bioavailability of selenium—were applied to extract the selenium from selenized green onion and chive samples. Ion exchange chromatography was coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatography–ICP-MS system to analyze the selenium species of Allium samples. The difference in the selenium accumulation capability of green onions and Chives was significant. Chive accumulated a one order of magnitude higher amount of selenium than did green onion. After proteolysis of both types of Allium plants, high amounts of organic selenium species such as MeSeCys, SeCys2 and SeMet became accessible. In the case of Se(VI)-enrichment, selenate was the main species in the proteolytic extract. After simulating the human digestion, the organic species were just slightly bioavailable compared with the results from proteolysis. The inorganic selenium content of the s...
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selenium speciation studies in se enriched Chives allium schoenoprasum by hplc icp ms
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Emese Kapolna, Monika Shah, Joseph A Caruso, Peter FodorAbstract:Abstract In this study, three liquid chromatographic techniques were employed to better understand selenium species distribution in Chives ( Allium schoenoprasum ) separately grown in three different supplementation media Se(IV), Se(VI), and SeMet. The highest selenium accumulation up to 700 μg Se g −1 was observed in the case of the Se(VI)-enriched samples on the basis of total selenium measurements. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) was performed for investigation of selenium containing proteins in Chives. For speciation of selenium containing amino acids, reversed-phase ion-pairing chromatography (RP-IP-HPLC) and for enantiomeric separations, a crown ether column was used. In all three cases online detection with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed for selenium specific detection. Two extractions (perchloric acid–ethanol and enzymatic) were carried out on chive samples. Speciation analysis on the Chives grown in three different media revealed that selenium distribution among different forms of amino acids in the sample strongly depends on the type of enrichment employed. Enrichment with Se(VI) leads to accumulation of selenium in inorganic forms, while in case of Se(IV) and SeMet-enriched samples, methyl-selenocysteine and selenocystine were found to be present. Not surprisingly, chiral speciation revealed the presence of the l -enantiomeric forms of selenoamino acids in the sample. The major enantiomer found in the perchloric acid–ethanol extracts was l -MeSeCys, while in the enzymatic extracts l -SeMet was also detected.
Xiaofan Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High innate preference of black substrate in the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae).
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Lina An, Xiaofan Yang, Klaus Lunau, Mengyao LiAbstract:: The chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga, is a notorious pest of Allium species in China. Colour trapping is an established method for monitoring and control of Bradysia species. In order to clarify the effect of colour preference of B. odoriphaga for the perched substrate, multiple-choice tests were used to assess the response of the chive gnat to different colour hues and brightness levels under different intensities of white illumination and two spectrally different illuminations. Given the choice among four colours differing in hue under different intensities of white illumination and two spectrally different illuminations, chive gnat adults significant preferred the black substrate, a lesser preference to brown and green substrates, and the least preference to orange substrate irrespective of illumination. Given the choice among four levels of brightness under the same illumination conditions as those in the previous experiment (different intensities of white illumination and two spectrally different illuminations), chive gnats preferred black substrate over dark grey, light grey and white substrates. Meanwhile, both virgin and mated adults significantly preferred black over other colour hues and brightness. Based on our results, we conclude that the chive gnat adults significantly prefer black substrates irrespective of colour hues and brightness. This behaviour does not alter with ambient light condition changes. No difference observed between choices of female and male adults. Our results provide new insight for understanding the colour choice behaviour in chive gnat and pave a way to improve monitoring and control of chive gnats and management.
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High innate preference for black substrate in the chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Lina An, Klaus Lunau, Mengyao Li, Xiaofan YangAbstract:The chive gnat, Bradysia odoriphaga, is a notorious pest of Allium species in China. Colour trapping is an established method for monitoring and controlling of Bradysia species. In order to clarify the effect of colour preference of B. odoriphaga for the egg-laying substrate, multiple-choice tests were employed to assess the spontaneous response of the chive gnat to different colour hues and brightness levels under different intensities of white illumination and two spectrally different illuminations. Given the choice among four colours differing in hue under different intensities of white illumination and two spectrally different illuminations, chive gnat adults visited preferably the black substrate, a lesser extent to brown and green substrates, and the least extent to orange substrate irrespective of illumination. Given the choice among four levels of brightness under the same illumination conditions as those in the previous experiment (different intensities of white illumination and two spectrally different illuminations), chive gnats preferred black substrate over dark grey, and these over light grey and white substrates. Meanwhile, both virgin and copulated adults significantly preferred black over other colour hues and brightness. Based on our results, we conclude that the chive gnat adults significantly prefer black substrates irrespective of colour hues and brightness. This behaviour does not alter due to ambient light condition changes. No difference observed between choices of female and male adults. Our results provide new insight for understanding the colour choice behaviour in chive gnat and pave a way to improve monitoring and control of chive gnats and management.