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Minhsiung Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • immature Citrus Reticulata extract promotes browning of beige adipocytes in high fat diet induced c57bl 6 mice
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yachun Chou, Minhsiung Pan
    Abstract:

    Obesity has become a global public health issue. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) helps to maintain energy homeostasis. Previous studies have found that Citrus fruit exhibits a number of biological activities. Although most Citrus fruit drop has been considered agricultural waste, the ability to use it may be desirable. In this study, we investigate the antiobesity effects of immature Citrus fruits in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The main phytochemical components of immature Citrus Reticulata in water extraction analyzed by HPLC are synephrine, narirutin, hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin (16.0 ± 1.08, 4.52 ± 0.31, 9.14 ± 0.32, 2.54 ± 0.07, 1.67 ± 0.05 mg/g, respectively). Oral administration of 1% immature Citrus Reticulata extract (ICRE) for 11 weeks markedly reduced body weight gain, epididymal fat weight, fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, histological analysis revealed that dietary ICRE decreased adipocyte size and he...

  • Immature Citrus Reticulata Extract Promotes Browning of Beige Adipocytes in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice
    2018
    Co-Authors: Yachun Chou, Minhsiung Pan
    Abstract:

    Obesity has become a global public health issue. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) helps to maintain energy homeostasis. Previous studies have found that Citrus fruit exhibits a number of biological activities. Although most Citrus fruit drop has been considered agricultural waste, the ability to use it may be desirable. In this study, we investigate the antiobesity effects of immature Citrus fruits in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The main phytochemical components of immature Citrus Reticulata in water extraction analyzed by HPLC are synephrine, narirutin, hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin (16.0 ± 1.08, 4.52 ± 0.31, 9.14 ± 0.32, 2.54 ± 0.07, 1.67 ± 0.05 mg/g, respectively). Oral administration of 1% immature Citrus Reticulata extract (ICRE) for 11 weeks markedly reduced body weight gain, epididymal fat weight, fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, histological analysis revealed that dietary ICRE decreased adipocyte size and hepatic steatosis compared to the HFD group (P < 0.05 for both). Furthermore, we found that mice treated with ICRE have improved cold tolerance during acute cold challenge. These effects were associated with increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and thermogenic genes in inguinal WAT. Taken together, these results suggest that ICRE can prevent obesity and lipid accumulation through induction of brown-like adipocyte formation

Kunsong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of combined heat and preservative treatment on storability of ponkan fruit Citrus Reticulata blanco cv ponkan during postharvest storage
    Journal of Food Quality, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dandan Tang, Qiong Lin, Juanying Lin, Dengliang Wang, Chunrong Liu, Chongde Sun, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Heat treatment and preservative application have been widely used during postharvest storage of many fresh products, but the effect of their combination on Citrus storage has rarely been investigated. In this study, the optimal heat treatment (HT) conditions and HT combined with preservative treatment were investigated for Ponkan fruit (Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) storage. Results indicated that HT at 55°C for 20 s can significantly reduce the decay rate of Ponkan fruit, and a combination of HT and 25% of the preservative dosage used in production of iminoctadine tris (albesilate), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and imazalil significantly reduced the decay rate without affecting fruit quality. In addition, the increased fiber contents in fruit receiving the HT combined with preservative treatments may be a response preventing fungus infection and enhancing fruit storability and resistance. The above results suggested that the combination of HT and 25% of the preservative production dosage was optimal for controlling Ponkan fruit decay during storage.

  • Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of sugar and organic acid metabolism in Ponkan (Citrus Reticulata) fruit during fruit maturation
    Gene, 2014
    Co-Authors: Qiong Lin, Dengliang Wang, Chunrong Liu, Chongde Sun, Ming Chen, Chengyang Wang, Wencheng Dong, Qing Jiang, Shao-jia Li, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Ponkan (Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) is an important mandarin Citrus in China. However, the low ratio of sugars to organic acids makes it less acceptable for consumers. In this work, three stages (S120, early development stage; S195, commercial harvest stage; S205, delayed harvest stage) of Ponkan fruit were selected for study. Among 28 primary metabolites analyzed in fruit, sugars increased while organic acids in general decreased. RNA-Seq analysis was carried out and 19,504 genes were matched to the Citrus clementina genome, with 85 up-regulated and 59 down-regulated genes identified during fruit maturation. A sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene was included in the up-regulated group, and this was supported by the transcript ratio distribution. Expression of two asparagine transferases (AST), and a specific ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) members increased during fruit maturation. It is suggested that SPS, AST, ACL and GAD coordinately contribute to sugar accumulation and organic acid degradation during Ponkan fruit maturation. Both the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle were accelerated during later maturation, indicating the flux change from sucrose metabolism to organic acid metabolism was enhanced, with citrate degradation occurring mainly through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetyl-CoA pathways.

  • chemopreventive effect of flavonoids from ougan Citrus Reticulata cv suavissima fruit against cancer cell proliferation and migration
    Journal of Functional Foods, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jiukai Zhang, Chongde Sun, Xiaoyong Zhao, Fenglei Luo, Hong Zhu, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Citrus Reticulata cv. Sucruissima (Ougan) is a rich source of flavonoids, and its peel has been employed as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. Among the different fruit parts, namely flayed, albedo, segment membrane and juice sacs, flavedo showed significant inhibitory effect on three cancer cell lines (HepG2, HL-60 and MDA-MB-231). Three flavanone glycosides, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin as well as four polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin and 5-demethylnobiletin were separated and purified from Ougan flavedo and identified by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS. Cytotoxicity assay showed that two flavanone aglycones and four PMFs exhibited significant antiproliferative activity on the three cancer cells. Structure-activity relationship was observed for the Ougan flavonoid-mediated antiproliferative activity. Wound healing assay showed that nobiletin and tangeretin exerted inhibitory effects on SKOV3 cell migration as well. These results indicate that Ougan flavonoids may have preventive or therapeutic potential for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and migration. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • effect of hot air treatment on organic acid and sugar metabolism in ponkan Citrus Reticulata fruit
    Scientia Horticulturae, 2012
    Co-Authors: Qiong Lin, Ming Chen, Qian Jiang, Xueren Yin, Jinyin Chen, Andrew C Allan, Changjie Xu, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic acid and sugar balance is an important trait for fruit quality. The mandarin, Ponkan ( Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) is rich in organic acids even at maturity, thus the fruit provide good material for the study of organic acid degradation. In the present research, hot air (40 °C, 2 d) treatment (HAT) was found to have significant effects on both degradation of the organic acids, especially on citric acid, and accumulation of soluble sugars, especially on fructose and glucose. Genes related to citric acid degradation related ( CitAco1 , CitAco2 , CitAco3 , CitIDH1 , CitIDH2 , CitIDH3 , CitGAD4 , CitGAD5 and CitGS2 ) and sucrose metabolism ( CitAI1 , CitAI3 , CitNI1 and CitNI3 ) were isolated and transcription analyzed. HAT significantly up-regulated CitAco3 , CitIDH2 / 3 and CitGAD4 expression, while having little effect on CitGS2 . Sucrose metabolism related genes also differentially responded to HAT, with CitAI genes were induced and CitNI genes were relatively unchanged. It is proposed that HAT drove citric acid degradation via the GABA shunt pathway (especially by modulating CitAco3 – CitIDH2 / 3 – CitGAD4 cascade), but not the glycolysis pathway.

  • preferential accumulation of orange colored carotenoids in ponkan Citrus Reticulata fruit peel following postharvest application of ethylene or ethephon
    Scientia Horticulturae, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jingyi Zhou, Chongde Sun, Lanlan Zhang, Xiao Dai, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract To avoid winter frost, Ponkan (Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) fruit in Zhejiang Province, China, is frequently harvested early, while chlorophylls are still present in the peel. Postharvest degreening of Ponkan fruit, through either ethylene fumigation or ethephon dipping, was carried out to study the effects of both treatments on color development and carotenoid accumulation. An earlier and deeper orange color development after treatments was indicated by a decline in hue angle (H°) and an increase in the Citrus color index (CCI). Total carotenoid content increased, while chlorophyll content decreased during storage at 10 °C, and these changes were accelerated by both treatments. The treatments stimulated preferential accumulation of carotenoids with orange color (β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) while reducing the abundance of carotenoids with yellow color (lutein, violaxanthin and 9-cis-violaxanthin). Gene expression of β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) was inhibited by both treatments, which could be related to the changes in composition of these differently colored carotenoids.

Chongde Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of a caffeoyl coa o methyltransferase like enzyme involved in biosynthesis of polymethoxylated flavones in Citrus Reticulata
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Liu, Chenning Zhao, Qin Gong, Yue Wang, Jinping Cao, Donald Grierson, Chongde Sun
    Abstract:

    Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), which accumulate exclusively in fruit peel of Citrus, play important physiological and pharmacological roles but the genetic basis for the methylation of flavonoids has not been fully elucidated in Citrus. Here we characterize a caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase-like enzyme, designated CrOMT1. The expression pattern of CrOMT1 was highly correlated with the concentration of the three major PMFs in two different Citrus fruit tissues during fruit maturation. Exposure of fruit to UV-B radiation sharply increased the level of CrOMT1 transcripts and also led to the accumulation of three PMFs. The potential role of CrOMT1 was studied by testing the catalytic activity of recombinant CrOMT1 with numerous possible substrates in vitro. The enzyme could most efficiently methylate flavones with neighboring hydroxy moieties, with high catalytic efficiencies found with 6-OH- and 8-OH-containing compounds, preferences that correspond precisely with the essential methylation sites involved in the synthesis of the three naturally occurring PMFs in Citrus Reticulata. This indicates that CrOMT1 is capable of in vitro methylation reactions required to synthesize PMFs in vivo. Furthermore, transient overexpression of CrOMT1 increased levels of the three major PMFs in fruit, indicating that CrOMT1 is likely to play an essential role in the biosynthesis of PMFs in Citrus.

  • effects of combined heat and preservative treatment on storability of ponkan fruit Citrus Reticulata blanco cv ponkan during postharvest storage
    Journal of Food Quality, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dandan Tang, Qiong Lin, Juanying Lin, Dengliang Wang, Chunrong Liu, Chongde Sun, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Heat treatment and preservative application have been widely used during postharvest storage of many fresh products, but the effect of their combination on Citrus storage has rarely been investigated. In this study, the optimal heat treatment (HT) conditions and HT combined with preservative treatment were investigated for Ponkan fruit (Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) storage. Results indicated that HT at 55°C for 20 s can significantly reduce the decay rate of Ponkan fruit, and a combination of HT and 25% of the preservative dosage used in production of iminoctadine tris (albesilate), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and imazalil significantly reduced the decay rate without affecting fruit quality. In addition, the increased fiber contents in fruit receiving the HT combined with preservative treatments may be a response preventing fungus infection and enhancing fruit storability and resistance. The above results suggested that the combination of HT and 25% of the preservative production dosage was optimal for controlling Ponkan fruit decay during storage.

  • Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of sugar and organic acid metabolism in Ponkan (Citrus Reticulata) fruit during fruit maturation
    Gene, 2014
    Co-Authors: Qiong Lin, Dengliang Wang, Chunrong Liu, Chongde Sun, Ming Chen, Chengyang Wang, Wencheng Dong, Qing Jiang, Shao-jia Li, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Ponkan (Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) is an important mandarin Citrus in China. However, the low ratio of sugars to organic acids makes it less acceptable for consumers. In this work, three stages (S120, early development stage; S195, commercial harvest stage; S205, delayed harvest stage) of Ponkan fruit were selected for study. Among 28 primary metabolites analyzed in fruit, sugars increased while organic acids in general decreased. RNA-Seq analysis was carried out and 19,504 genes were matched to the Citrus clementina genome, with 85 up-regulated and 59 down-regulated genes identified during fruit maturation. A sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene was included in the up-regulated group, and this was supported by the transcript ratio distribution. Expression of two asparagine transferases (AST), and a specific ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) members increased during fruit maturation. It is suggested that SPS, AST, ACL and GAD coordinately contribute to sugar accumulation and organic acid degradation during Ponkan fruit maturation. Both the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle were accelerated during later maturation, indicating the flux change from sucrose metabolism to organic acid metabolism was enhanced, with citrate degradation occurring mainly through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetyl-CoA pathways.

  • chemopreventive effect of flavonoids from ougan Citrus Reticulata cv suavissima fruit against cancer cell proliferation and migration
    Journal of Functional Foods, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jiukai Zhang, Chongde Sun, Xiaoyong Zhao, Fenglei Luo, Hong Zhu, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Citrus Reticulata cv. Sucruissima (Ougan) is a rich source of flavonoids, and its peel has been employed as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. Among the different fruit parts, namely flayed, albedo, segment membrane and juice sacs, flavedo showed significant inhibitory effect on three cancer cell lines (HepG2, HL-60 and MDA-MB-231). Three flavanone glycosides, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin as well as four polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin and 5-demethylnobiletin were separated and purified from Ougan flavedo and identified by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS. Cytotoxicity assay showed that two flavanone aglycones and four PMFs exhibited significant antiproliferative activity on the three cancer cells. Structure-activity relationship was observed for the Ougan flavonoid-mediated antiproliferative activity. Wound healing assay showed that nobiletin and tangeretin exerted inhibitory effects on SKOV3 cell migration as well. These results indicate that Ougan flavonoids may have preventive or therapeutic potential for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and migration. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • preferential accumulation of orange colored carotenoids in ponkan Citrus Reticulata fruit peel following postharvest application of ethylene or ethephon
    Scientia Horticulturae, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jingyi Zhou, Chongde Sun, Lanlan Zhang, Xiao Dai, Kunsong Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract To avoid winter frost, Ponkan (Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) fruit in Zhejiang Province, China, is frequently harvested early, while chlorophylls are still present in the peel. Postharvest degreening of Ponkan fruit, through either ethylene fumigation or ethephon dipping, was carried out to study the effects of both treatments on color development and carotenoid accumulation. An earlier and deeper orange color development after treatments was indicated by a decline in hue angle (H°) and an increase in the Citrus color index (CCI). Total carotenoid content increased, while chlorophyll content decreased during storage at 10 °C, and these changes were accelerated by both treatments. The treatments stimulated preferential accumulation of carotenoids with orange color (β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) while reducing the abundance of carotenoids with yellow color (lutein, violaxanthin and 9-cis-violaxanthin). Gene expression of β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) was inhibited by both treatments, which could be related to the changes in composition of these differently colored carotenoids.

Hui Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Citrus Reticulata blanco peel extract ameliorates hepatic steatosis oxidative stress and inflammation in hf and mcd diet induced nash c57bl 6 j mice
    Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yuanyuan Zhao, Hui Chen, Zhiqin Zhou, Si Tan, Cheng Huang
    Abstract:

    Excessive lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation in liver tissues are regarded as crucial inducers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is the most frequent chronic liver disease and closely related to obesity and insulin resistance. In this work, the preventive and therapeutic effects of Citrus Reticulata Blanco (Jizigan) peel extract (JZE) on NASH induced by high fat (HF) diet and methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet in C57BL/6 mice were investigated. We found that daily supplementation of JZE with an HF diet effectively ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In addition, the key indexes of lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory factors were also ameliorated in both NASH mouse models. Furthermore, JZE treatment activated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the livers of diet- induced NASH mice. Our study suggests that JZE might alleviate NASH via the activation of Nrf2 signaling and that Citrus Jizigan could be used as a dietary therapy for NASH and related metabolic syndrome.

  • the methoxyflavones in Citrus Reticulata blanco cv ponkan and their antiproliferative activity against cancer cells
    Food Chemistry, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hui Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract The major polymethoxyflavones in the fruit (ponkan) peels of Citrus Reticulata Blanco cv. ponkan were identified as isosinensetin, sinensetin, nobiletin and tetramethyl-o-scutellarein by a combined separation using high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and structure elucidation by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antiproliferative activity of the four compounds against four cancer cell lines (A549, HL-60, MCF-7 and HO8910) showed that isosinensetin had a lower IC50 value for MCF-7 and HO8910 cancer cell lines. Determination of polymethoxyflavones in ponkan peels from different cultivation regions displayed relatively steady contents of the four compounds and a higher content of isosinensetin, which suggested that ponkan peels are excellent sources of functional polymethoxyflavones that may help prevent female cancers, such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer.

Zhiqin Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Citrus Reticulata blanco peel extract ameliorates hepatic steatosis oxidative stress and inflammation in hf and mcd diet induced nash c57bl 6 j mice
    Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yuanyuan Zhao, Hui Chen, Zhiqin Zhou, Si Tan, Cheng Huang
    Abstract:

    Excessive lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation in liver tissues are regarded as crucial inducers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is the most frequent chronic liver disease and closely related to obesity and insulin resistance. In this work, the preventive and therapeutic effects of Citrus Reticulata Blanco (Jizigan) peel extract (JZE) on NASH induced by high fat (HF) diet and methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet in C57BL/6 mice were investigated. We found that daily supplementation of JZE with an HF diet effectively ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In addition, the key indexes of lipid profiles, oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory factors were also ameliorated in both NASH mouse models. Furthermore, JZE treatment activated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the livers of diet- induced NASH mice. Our study suggests that JZE might alleviate NASH via the activation of Nrf2 signaling and that Citrus Jizigan could be used as a dietary therapy for NASH and related metabolic syndrome.

  • phenolic composition of chinese wild mandarin Citrus Reticulata balnco pulps and their antioxidant properties
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yuanmei Zhang, Yujing Sun, Yan Shen, Zhiqin Zhou
    Abstract:

    Abstract As one of the most important centers of origin for the genus Citrus L., China is rich in wild mandarin germplasm. In this study, phenolic compounds in the fruit pulps of 14 wild mandarins ( Citrus Reticulata Blanco.) native to China were determined and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by the DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC methods. We found that Nieduyeju had the highest total phenolic content (22.26 ± 0.64 mg/g DW), and Wangcangzhoupigan had the highest total flavonoid content (3.82 ± 0.19 mg/g, DW). Hesperidin was the dominant flavonoid, and Guangxihongpisuanju (22.13 ± 0.33 mg/g DW) was with the highest content of this flavonoid among the 14 samples studied. Ferulic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid, and Nieduyeju (2336.07 ± 145.66 μg/g, DW) was with the highest extractable ferulic acid, while Guangxihongpisuanju (170.28 ± 5.03 μg/g, DW) was with the highest bound ferulic acid. Additionally, the overall antioxidant potency composite (APC) index showed obvious variations in the Citrus fruits examined (52.26–88.73). The wild Citrus fruits Nieduyeju, Wangcangzhoupigan and Guangxihongpisuanju presented significantly higher APC indices than the mandarin cultivars Satsuma and Ponkan ( p