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David S. Douches - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mapping solanum chacoense mediated Colorado Potato Beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata resistance in a self compatible f2 diploid population
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Natalie Kaiser, Joseph J Coombs, Norma C Manriquecarpintero, Christina D Difonzo, David S. Douches
    Abstract:

    A major QTL on chromosome 2 associated with leptine biosynthesis and Colorado Potato Beetle resistance was identified in a diploid S. chacoense F2 population using linkage mapping and bulk-segregant analysis. We examined the genetic features underlying leptine glycoalkaloid mediated Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) host plant resistance in a diploid F2 mapping population of 233 individuals derived from Solanum chacoense lines USDA8380-1 and M6. The presence of foliar leptine glycoalkaloids in this population segregated as a single dominant gene and displayed continuous distribution of accumulated quantity in those individuals producing the compound. Using biparental linkage mapping, a major overlapping QTL region with partial dominance effects was identified on chromosome 2 explaining 49.3% and 34.1% of the variance in Colorado Potato Beetle field resistance and leptine accumulation, respectively. Association of this putative resistance region on chromosome 2 was further studied in an expanded F2 population in a subsequent field season. Loci significantly associated with leptine synthesis colocalized to chromosome 2. Significant correlation between increased leptine content and decreased Colorado Potato Beetle defoliation suggests a single QTL on chromosome 2. Additionally, a minor QTL with overdominance effects explaining 6.2% associated with Colorado Potato Beetle resistance donated by susceptible parent M6 was identified on chromosome 7. Bulk segregant whole genome sequencing of the same F2 population detected QTL associated with Colorado Potato Beetle resistance on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 12. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of parental lines and resistant and susceptible F2 individuals identified a tetratricopeptide repeat containing protein with a putative regulatory function and a previously uncharacterized acetyltransferase within the QTL region on chromosome 2, possibly under the control of a regulatory Tap46 subunit within the minor QTL on chromosome 12.

  • Comparing Host Plant Resistance, Engineered Resistance, and Insecticide Treatment for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper in Potatoes
    International Journal of Agronomy, 2011
    Co-Authors: Gerald M. Ghidiu, David S. Douches, Kimberly J Felcher, Joseph J Coombs
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Order Coleoptera and the Potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) Order Homoptera, are the major insect pests of Potato in eastern North America. In two years of field trials, we compared the effectiveness of three pest management options for the control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato leafhopper: natural host plant resistance (glandular trichomes), engineered resistance (Bacillus thuringiensis [Bt] Berliner cry3A gene) and a susceptible Potato cultivar (Superior) with an at-planting application of the insecticide thiamethoxam. Similar and acceptable control of the Colorado Potato Beetle larvae was obtained with the Bt-cry3A lines and the thiamethoxam treated “Superior” variety. The glandular trichome cultivar had significantly less Colorado Potato Beetle damage than did the untreated “Superior” in 2004, although damage was significantly greater than in the Bt-cry3A lines and the insecticide-treated Potatoes for both years, and was the only treatment that consistently had very little Potato leafhopper damage. These data demonstrate that although each type of host plant resistance mechanism (Bt-cry3A or glandular trichomes) was as effective as the chemical control against one of the insects, neither provides adequate resistance to both Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato leaf hopper.

  • Combining natural and engineered host plant resistance mechanisms in Potato for Colorado Potato Beetle: Choice and no-choice field studies
    Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Joseph J Coombs, Edward J. Grafius, Susannah G Cooper, David S. Douches, W. Pett, Dale D. Moyer
    Abstract:

    Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the leading insect pest of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance is an important tool in an integrated pest management program for controlling insect pests. Field studies were conducted to compare natural host plant resistance mechanisms (glandular trichomes and Solanum chacoense Bitter-derived resistance), engineered (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner Bt-cry3A), and combined (glandular trichomes + Bt-cry3A and S. chacoense-derived resistance + Bt-cry3A transgenic Potato lines) sources of resistance for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. Six different Potato clones representing fi ve different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated for 2 years in a fi eld situation under natural Colorado Potato Beetle pres- sure in Michigan and New York, and in a no-choice fi eld cage study in Michigan. In the fi eld studies, the S. chacoense- derived resistance line, Bt-cry3A transgenic, and combined resistance lines were effective in controlling defoliation by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae. Effectively no feeding was observed in the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines. The glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control, but had greater defoliation than the Bt- cry3A transgenic lines and the S. chacoense-derived resistance line. In the no-choice cage study, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the combined resistance lines were effective in controlling feeding by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae with no defoliation observed. The S. chacoense-derived resistance line and the glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control. Based on the results of the fi eld trials and no-choice fi eld cage studies, these host plant resistance mechanisms could be used to develop Potato varieties for use in a resistance management program for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. The Colorado Potato Beetle is the most serious insect pest of Potatoes throughout the eastern and north central United States and Canada. Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle has relied almost entirely on pesticides for over 125 years (Casagrande, 1987). Throughout its history, the Colorado Potato Beetle has shown the ability to adapt to every insecticide used for its control (Bishop and Grafi us, 1996). Currently, it has developed resistance to 41 insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, organo- chlorines, pyrethroids, hydrogen cyanide, and more recently the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (Byrne et al., 2004; Georgiou and Lagunes-Tejeda, 1991; Whalon et al., 2004). Host plant resistance is a central component of a practical long- term solution for controlling the Colorado Potato Beetle in Potato. No Potato varieties resistant to Colorado Potato Beetle are cur- rently available. Glandular trichomes and leptine glycoalkaloids are two of the most thoroughly investigated natural insect host plant resistance mechanisms available in Potato. The glandular tri- chomes of the wild Bolivian Potato, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, confer resistance to at least ten major insect pests, including the Colorado Potato Beetle (Tingey, 1991). The presence of Type A and B trichomes in S. berthaultii leads to entrapment and death of

  • Combining genetic engineering and traditional breeding to provide elevated resistance in Potatoes to Colorado Potato Beetle
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2004
    Co-Authors: Susannah G Cooper, David S. Douches, Edward J. Grafius
    Abstract:

    The sustainable deployment of resistant crop varieties is a critical issue for the implementation of bio-technology in crop pest management. Feeding, biomass accumulation, and mortality were evaluated for susceptible, insecticide-resistant, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 3A-selected Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) larvae fed on: cultivated Potato, a Solanum chacoense line expressing leptine glycoalkaloids, a transformed line expressing Bt toxin, or the leptine line transformed to express Bt toxin. Larvae selected for resistance to Bt-Cry3A performed better on Bt foliage, but not as well on the leptine foliage, compared to susceptible or insecticide-resistant larvae. Neither leptine nor Bt toxin completely inhibited the feeding and growth of 3rd and 4th instars of all three strains of Colorado Potato Beetle. However, for all three strains of Colorado Potato Beetle on leptine + Bt foliage, feeding was almost zero, growth was zero or negative, and mortality was near 100%.

  • Field Evaluation of Natural, Engineered, and Combined Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle
    Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2003
    Co-Authors: Joseph J Coombs, Edward J. Grafius, David S. Douches, W. Pett
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the leading insect pest of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance has the potential use in an integrated pest management program for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. During the 1998 and 1999 seasons, field studies were conducted to compare natural (leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes), engineered (Bt-cry3A and Bt-cry5 transgenic Potato lines), and combined (Bt-cry5+glandular trichomes) plant resistance mechanisms of Potato for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. Nine different Potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated under natural Colorado Potato Beetle infestation at the Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, Michigan. The Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line (USDA8380-1), and the high foliar glycoalkaloid line (ND5873-15) were most effective for controlling defoliation by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae. The Bt-cry5 line (SPc5-G2) was not as effective as the Bt- cry3A transgenic lines ('Russet Burbank Newleaf,' RBN15, and YGc3.1). The glandular trichome (NYL235-4) and Bt- cry5+glandular trichome lines proved to be ineffective. Significant rank correlations for the Potato lines between the two years were observed for egg masses, second and third instar, and fourth instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant, and defoliation. Egg mass and first instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant were not strong indicators of host plant resistance in contrast to second and third instars or adults. Based on these results, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line, and the high total glycoalkaloid line are effective host plant resistance mechanisms for control of Colorado Potato Beetle.

Edward J. Grafius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in field populations of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
    Pest management science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Zsofia Szendrei, Edward J. Grafius, Adam M. Byrne, Amos Ziegler
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid insecticides were first used commercially for Colorado Potato Beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say),Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae]controlintheUnitedStatesin1995,andsincethenhavebeencriticalformanagementofthis pest. Field populations from the northeastern and midwestern United States were tested from 1998 to 2010 for susceptibility to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam using standard topical dose assays with adults. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2001, imidacloprid resistance was present in only a few locations in the eastern United States. By 2003, imidacloprid resistance was common in the northeastern Unites States. In 2004, imidacloprid resistance in Colorado Potato Beetle was detected for the first time in the midwestern United States. In 2003, the first case of resistance to thiamethoxam was found in a population from Massachusetts. Neonicotinoid resistance in summer-generation adults was higher than in overwintered adults from the same locations. By 2009, 95% of the populations tested from the northeastern and midwestern United States had significantly higher LD50 values for imidacloprid than the susceptible population. CONCLUSIONS:Theincreasingresistancetoneonicotinoidinsecticidesraisesconcernsforthecontinuedeffectivemanagement of Colorado Potato Beetles in Potatoes and highlights the need for more rigorous practice of integrated pest management methods. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

  • Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance to Insecticides
    American Journal of Potato Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Andrei Alyokhin, Mitchell Baker, David Mota-sanchez, Galen Dively, Edward J. Grafius
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is widely regarded as the most important insect defoliator of Potatoes. Its current range covers about 16 million km^2 in North America, Europe, and Asia and continues to expand. This insect has a complicated and diverse life history, which is well-suited to agricultural environments, and makes it a complex and challenging pest to control. Dispersal, closely connected with diapause, feeding, and reproduction, allow the Colorado Potato Beetle to employ “bet-hedging” reproductive strategies, distributing its offspring in both space (within and between fields) and time (within and between years). The Colorado Potato Beetle played a large role in creating the modern pesticide industry, with hundreds of chemicals tested against it. High selection pressure, together with natural propensity to adapt to toxic substances, eventually resulted in a large number of insecticide-resistant Colorado Potato Beetle populations. Since the middle of the last century, the Beetle has developed resistance to 52 different compounds belonging to all major insecticide classes. Resistance levels vary greatly among different populations and between Beetle life stages, but in some cases can be very high (up to 2,000-fold). Known mechanisms of Colorado Potato Beetle resistance to insecticides include enhanced metabolism involving esterases, carboxylesterases and monooxygenases, and target site insensitivity, as well as reduced insecticide penetration and increased excretion. There is also some evidence of behavioral resistance. Resistance mechanisms are sometimes highly diverse even within a relatively narrow geographical area. Resistance is usually inherited as an incompletely dominant or incompletely recessive trait, with one or several genes involved in its determination. Because of pleiotropic effects of resistant alleles, insecticide-resistant Beetles often have reduced relative fitness in the absence of insecticides. Rotating different classes of insecticides and reducing insecticidal pressure on pest populations by provision of temporal and spatial refuges from exposure to toxins have been proposed to delay evolution of resistance. However, insecticide resistance in this insect will likely remain a major challenge to the pest control practitioners. Still limited understanding of Beetle biology, its flexible life history, and grower reluctance to adopt some of the resistance management techniques create impediments to successful resistance management. Overcoming these obstacles is not an easy task, but it will be crucial for sustainable Potato production. El escarabajo de Colorado de la papa [( Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] es considerado el insecto defoliador más importante de la papa. Su acción cubre una área de 16 millones de km^2 en Norteamérica, Europa y Asia y continúa expandiéndose. Este insecto tiene un ciclo de vida complicado y diverso, el cual esta bien adecuado a entornos agrícolas y lo hace una plaga difícil de controlar. Su dispersión, íntimamente conectada con su quiescencia, hábitos de alimentación y reproducción permite al escarabajo de Colorado de la papa emplear estrategias de reproducción de “riesgo calculado”distribuyendo su descendencia en espacio (dentro del campo y entre campos) y tiempo (dentro y entre años). El escarabajo de Colorado de la papa jugó un rol muy amplio en la creación de la industria moderna de pesticidas, con cientos de químicos evaluados para su control. La alta presión de selección, junto a la propensión natural para adaptarse a las sustancias tóxicas, resultó en un gran número de poblaciones resistentes a los insecticidas. Desde mediados del siglo pasado, el escarabajo ha desarrollado resistencia a 52 diferentes compuestos pertenecientes a todas las clases importantes de insecticidas. Los niveles de resistencia varían mucho entre las diferentes poblaciones y estadíos en el ciclo de vida, pero en algunos casos pueden variar mucho más (hasta 2,000 veces). Los mecanismos conocidos de resistencia de este escarabajo a los insecticidas incluyen un elevado metabolismo de las esterasas, carboxilesterasas y monooxigenasas e insensibilidad al sitio objetivo, lo mismo que una penetración del insecticida reducida y excreción incrementada. También hay evidencia de resistencia por comportamiento. Los mecanismos de resistencia son a veces altamente variados, aun dentro de una reducida área geográfica. La resistencia es a menudo heredada como un carácter incompletamente dominante o incompletamente recesivo, con uno o varios genes involucrados en su determinación. Debido a los efectos pleiotrópicos de alelos resistentes, los escarabajos resistentes tienen una aptitud relativa reducida en ausencia de insecticidas. La rotación de diferentes clases de insecticidas y la reducción de la presión insecticida sobre las poblaciones de insectos por provisión de refugios temporales y espaciales contra la exposición de toxinas han sido propuestas para demorar la evolución de la resistencia. Sin embargo, la resistencia a insecticidas de este insecto permanecerá siendo un desafío para los practicantes de control de plagas. Todavía hay un limitado conocimiento sobre la biología del escarabajo, su ciclo de vida flexible y la renuencia del productor para adoptar algunas de las técnicas de manejo de la resistencia impiden el manejo exitoso de la resistencia. El vencer estos obstáculos no es tarea fácil, pero será importante para una producción sostenible de papa.

  • Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance to Insecticides
    American Journal of Potato Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Andrei Alyokhin, David Mota-sanchez, Galen Dively, Mitchell B. Baker, Edward J. Grafius
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is widely regarded as the most important insect defoliator of Potatoes. Its current range covers about 16 million km2 in North America, Europe, and Asia and continues to expand. This insect has a complicated and diverse life history, which is well-suited to agricultural environments, and makes it a complex and challenging pest to control. Dispersal, closely connected with diapause, feeding, and reproduction, allow the Colorado Potato Beetle to employ “bet-hedging” reproductive strategies, distributing its offspring in both space (within and between fields) and time (within and between years). The Colorado Potato Beetle played a large role in creating the modern pesticide industry, with hundreds of chemicals tested against it. High selection pressure, together with natural propensity to adapt to toxic substances, eventually resulted in a large number of insecticide-resistant Colorado Potato Beetle populations. Since the middle of the last century, the Beetle has developed resistance to 52 different compounds belonging to all major insecticide classes. Resistance levels vary greatly among different populations and between Beetle life stages, but in some cases can be very high (up to 2,000-fold). Known mechanisms of Colorado Potato Beetle resistance to insecticides include enhanced metabolism involving esterases, carboxylesterases and monooxygenases, and target site insensitivity, as well as reduced insecticide penetration and increased excretion. There is also some evidence of behavioral resistance. Resistance mechanisms are sometimes highly diverse even within a relatively narrow geographical area. Resistance is usually inherited as an incompletely dominant or incompletely recessive trait, with one or several genes involved in its determination. Because of pleiotropic effects of resistant alleles, insecticide-resistant Beetles often have reduced relative fitness in the absence of insecticides. Rotating different classes of insecticides and reducing insecticidal pressure on pest populations by provision of temporal and spatial refuges from exposure to toxins have been proposed to delay evolution of resistance. However, insecticide resistance in this insect will likely remain a major challenge to the pest control practitioners. Still limited understanding of Beetle biology, its flexible life history, and grower reluctance to adopt some of the resistance management techniques create impediments to successful resistance management. Overcoming these obstacles is not an easy task, but it will be crucial for sustainable Potato production.

  • Combining natural and engineered host plant resistance mechanisms in Potato for Colorado Potato Beetle: Choice and no-choice field studies
    Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Joseph J Coombs, Edward J. Grafius, Susannah G Cooper, David S. Douches, W. Pett, Dale D. Moyer
    Abstract:

    Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the leading insect pest of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance is an important tool in an integrated pest management program for controlling insect pests. Field studies were conducted to compare natural host plant resistance mechanisms (glandular trichomes and Solanum chacoense Bitter-derived resistance), engineered (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner Bt-cry3A), and combined (glandular trichomes + Bt-cry3A and S. chacoense-derived resistance + Bt-cry3A transgenic Potato lines) sources of resistance for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. Six different Potato clones representing fi ve different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated for 2 years in a fi eld situation under natural Colorado Potato Beetle pres- sure in Michigan and New York, and in a no-choice fi eld cage study in Michigan. In the fi eld studies, the S. chacoense- derived resistance line, Bt-cry3A transgenic, and combined resistance lines were effective in controlling defoliation by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae. Effectively no feeding was observed in the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines. The glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control, but had greater defoliation than the Bt- cry3A transgenic lines and the S. chacoense-derived resistance line. In the no-choice cage study, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the combined resistance lines were effective in controlling feeding by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae with no defoliation observed. The S. chacoense-derived resistance line and the glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control. Based on the results of the fi eld trials and no-choice fi eld cage studies, these host plant resistance mechanisms could be used to develop Potato varieties for use in a resistance management program for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. The Colorado Potato Beetle is the most serious insect pest of Potatoes throughout the eastern and north central United States and Canada. Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle has relied almost entirely on pesticides for over 125 years (Casagrande, 1987). Throughout its history, the Colorado Potato Beetle has shown the ability to adapt to every insecticide used for its control (Bishop and Grafi us, 1996). Currently, it has developed resistance to 41 insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, organo- chlorines, pyrethroids, hydrogen cyanide, and more recently the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (Byrne et al., 2004; Georgiou and Lagunes-Tejeda, 1991; Whalon et al., 2004). Host plant resistance is a central component of a practical long- term solution for controlling the Colorado Potato Beetle in Potato. No Potato varieties resistant to Colorado Potato Beetle are cur- rently available. Glandular trichomes and leptine glycoalkaloids are two of the most thoroughly investigated natural insect host plant resistance mechanisms available in Potato. The glandular tri- chomes of the wild Bolivian Potato, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, confer resistance to at least ten major insect pests, including the Colorado Potato Beetle (Tingey, 1991). The presence of Type A and B trichomes in S. berthaultii leads to entrapment and death of

  • Combining genetic engineering and traditional breeding to provide elevated resistance in Potatoes to Colorado Potato Beetle
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2004
    Co-Authors: Susannah G Cooper, David S. Douches, Edward J. Grafius
    Abstract:

    The sustainable deployment of resistant crop varieties is a critical issue for the implementation of bio-technology in crop pest management. Feeding, biomass accumulation, and mortality were evaluated for susceptible, insecticide-resistant, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 3A-selected Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) larvae fed on: cultivated Potato, a Solanum chacoense line expressing leptine glycoalkaloids, a transformed line expressing Bt toxin, or the leptine line transformed to express Bt toxin. Larvae selected for resistance to Bt-Cry3A performed better on Bt foliage, but not as well on the leptine foliage, compared to susceptible or insecticide-resistant larvae. Neither leptine nor Bt toxin completely inhibited the feeding and growth of 3rd and 4th instars of all three strains of Colorado Potato Beetle. However, for all three strains of Colorado Potato Beetle on leptine + Bt foliage, feeding was almost zero, growth was zero or negative, and mortality was near 100%.

G. V. Benkovskaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Possible molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in populations of the Colorado Potato Beetle
    BIO Web of Conferences, 2020
    Co-Authors: G. V. Benkovskaya
    Abstract:

    Expansion of the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) in the Eurasia is continuing. At the same time, there is an increase in the level of insecticide resistance in populations of CPB in Russia. Regular detection of individuals resistant to diagnostic doses of insecticides during the last 10 years shows an increase of their prevalence in local populations in Bashkortostan. Genetic base of insecticide resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle populations contains both mutations in the genes of target receptors or membrane channels, as well as changes in expression of these and many other genes. Role of the diapause proteins capable to bind xenobiotics and withdraw them from metabolism is discussed.

  • The Colorado Potato Beetle
    Insect Pests of Potato, 2013
    Co-Authors: Andrei Alyokhin, M. B. Udalov, G. V. Benkovskaya
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle is a very important defoliator of Potatoes in many Potato-growing areas of the world. This insect has a diverse and flexible life history that is well-suited to a variety of environmental conditions. It is also extremely adaptable to adverse conditions, including those created by humans in an attempt to control the pest. The Beetles integrate diapause, dispersal, feeding, and reproduction into an ecological “bet-hedging” strategy, distributing their offspring in both space (within and between host habitats) and time (within and between seasons). As a result, they are a very challenging pest to manage.

  • Change in the polymorphism level in populations of the Colorado Potato Beetle
    Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: M. B. Udalov, G. V. Benkovskaya
    Abstract:

    Data on changes in the phenetical structure of populations of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say in the Southern Urals (territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan) are presented. A decrease in the level of phenetical polymorphism between 1994 and 2002 was registered. The results of laboratory experiments give us good grounds to believe that the selective effect of insecticides is the main reason for the decrease in the level of intrapopulation polymorphism.

  • Population genetics of the Colorado Potato Beetle: From genotype to phenotype
    Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: M. B. Udalov, G. V. Benkovskaya
    Abstract:

    This paper reviews population studies of the Colorado Potato Beetle. Data on DNA, chromo� somal, protein, and phenetic polymorphism markers are considered. Frequency distributions of mutations for insecticide resistance of the Colorado Potato Beetle are presented. We have shown that molecular genetic methods can be used to assess the nonspecific resistance of the Beetle to insecticides. The issue of whether the Colorado Potato Beetle is a polytypic species is discussed on the basis of the currently available evidence on its polymorphism.

  • Population structure of the Colorado Potato Beetle in the Southern Urals
    Russian Journal of Ecology, 2010
    Co-Authors: M. B. Udalov, G. V. Benkovskaya, Elza Khusnutdinova
    Abstract:

    The population structure of the Colorado Potato Beetle in the Southern Urals is discussed. This population is shown to be divided into two groups of local populations, in central and in peripheral parts of the study area, which differ in degree of intrapopulation diversity. The founder effect and insecticide pressure are regarded as probable factors that have contributed to this division.

Joseph J Coombs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mapping solanum chacoense mediated Colorado Potato Beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata resistance in a self compatible f2 diploid population
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Natalie Kaiser, Joseph J Coombs, Norma C Manriquecarpintero, Christina D Difonzo, David S. Douches
    Abstract:

    A major QTL on chromosome 2 associated with leptine biosynthesis and Colorado Potato Beetle resistance was identified in a diploid S. chacoense F2 population using linkage mapping and bulk-segregant analysis. We examined the genetic features underlying leptine glycoalkaloid mediated Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) host plant resistance in a diploid F2 mapping population of 233 individuals derived from Solanum chacoense lines USDA8380-1 and M6. The presence of foliar leptine glycoalkaloids in this population segregated as a single dominant gene and displayed continuous distribution of accumulated quantity in those individuals producing the compound. Using biparental linkage mapping, a major overlapping QTL region with partial dominance effects was identified on chromosome 2 explaining 49.3% and 34.1% of the variance in Colorado Potato Beetle field resistance and leptine accumulation, respectively. Association of this putative resistance region on chromosome 2 was further studied in an expanded F2 population in a subsequent field season. Loci significantly associated with leptine synthesis colocalized to chromosome 2. Significant correlation between increased leptine content and decreased Colorado Potato Beetle defoliation suggests a single QTL on chromosome 2. Additionally, a minor QTL with overdominance effects explaining 6.2% associated with Colorado Potato Beetle resistance donated by susceptible parent M6 was identified on chromosome 7. Bulk segregant whole genome sequencing of the same F2 population detected QTL associated with Colorado Potato Beetle resistance on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 12. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of parental lines and resistant and susceptible F2 individuals identified a tetratricopeptide repeat containing protein with a putative regulatory function and a previously uncharacterized acetyltransferase within the QTL region on chromosome 2, possibly under the control of a regulatory Tap46 subunit within the minor QTL on chromosome 12.

  • Comparing Host Plant Resistance, Engineered Resistance, and Insecticide Treatment for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Leafhopper in Potatoes
    International Journal of Agronomy, 2011
    Co-Authors: Gerald M. Ghidiu, David S. Douches, Kimberly J Felcher, Joseph J Coombs
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Order Coleoptera and the Potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) Order Homoptera, are the major insect pests of Potato in eastern North America. In two years of field trials, we compared the effectiveness of three pest management options for the control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato leafhopper: natural host plant resistance (glandular trichomes), engineered resistance (Bacillus thuringiensis [Bt] Berliner cry3A gene) and a susceptible Potato cultivar (Superior) with an at-planting application of the insecticide thiamethoxam. Similar and acceptable control of the Colorado Potato Beetle larvae was obtained with the Bt-cry3A lines and the thiamethoxam treated “Superior” variety. The glandular trichome cultivar had significantly less Colorado Potato Beetle damage than did the untreated “Superior” in 2004, although damage was significantly greater than in the Bt-cry3A lines and the insecticide-treated Potatoes for both years, and was the only treatment that consistently had very little Potato leafhopper damage. These data demonstrate that although each type of host plant resistance mechanism (Bt-cry3A or glandular trichomes) was as effective as the chemical control against one of the insects, neither provides adequate resistance to both Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato leaf hopper.

  • Combining natural and engineered host plant resistance mechanisms in Potato for Colorado Potato Beetle: Choice and no-choice field studies
    Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Joseph J Coombs, Edward J. Grafius, Susannah G Cooper, David S. Douches, W. Pett, Dale D. Moyer
    Abstract:

    Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the leading insect pest of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance is an important tool in an integrated pest management program for controlling insect pests. Field studies were conducted to compare natural host plant resistance mechanisms (glandular trichomes and Solanum chacoense Bitter-derived resistance), engineered (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner Bt-cry3A), and combined (glandular trichomes + Bt-cry3A and S. chacoense-derived resistance + Bt-cry3A transgenic Potato lines) sources of resistance for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. Six different Potato clones representing fi ve different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated for 2 years in a fi eld situation under natural Colorado Potato Beetle pres- sure in Michigan and New York, and in a no-choice fi eld cage study in Michigan. In the fi eld studies, the S. chacoense- derived resistance line, Bt-cry3A transgenic, and combined resistance lines were effective in controlling defoliation by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae. Effectively no feeding was observed in the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines. The glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control, but had greater defoliation than the Bt- cry3A transgenic lines and the S. chacoense-derived resistance line. In the no-choice cage study, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the combined resistance lines were effective in controlling feeding by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae with no defoliation observed. The S. chacoense-derived resistance line and the glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control. Based on the results of the fi eld trials and no-choice fi eld cage studies, these host plant resistance mechanisms could be used to develop Potato varieties for use in a resistance management program for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. The Colorado Potato Beetle is the most serious insect pest of Potatoes throughout the eastern and north central United States and Canada. Control of the Colorado Potato Beetle has relied almost entirely on pesticides for over 125 years (Casagrande, 1987). Throughout its history, the Colorado Potato Beetle has shown the ability to adapt to every insecticide used for its control (Bishop and Grafi us, 1996). Currently, it has developed resistance to 41 insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, organo- chlorines, pyrethroids, hydrogen cyanide, and more recently the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (Byrne et al., 2004; Georgiou and Lagunes-Tejeda, 1991; Whalon et al., 2004). Host plant resistance is a central component of a practical long- term solution for controlling the Colorado Potato Beetle in Potato. No Potato varieties resistant to Colorado Potato Beetle are cur- rently available. Glandular trichomes and leptine glycoalkaloids are two of the most thoroughly investigated natural insect host plant resistance mechanisms available in Potato. The glandular tri- chomes of the wild Bolivian Potato, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, confer resistance to at least ten major insect pests, including the Colorado Potato Beetle (Tingey, 1991). The presence of Type A and B trichomes in S. berthaultii leads to entrapment and death of

  • Field Evaluation of Natural, Engineered, and Combined Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle
    Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2003
    Co-Authors: Joseph J Coombs, Edward J. Grafius, David S. Douches, W. Pett
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the leading insect pest of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance has the potential use in an integrated pest management program for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. During the 1998 and 1999 seasons, field studies were conducted to compare natural (leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes), engineered (Bt-cry3A and Bt-cry5 transgenic Potato lines), and combined (Bt-cry5+glandular trichomes) plant resistance mechanisms of Potato for control of Colorado Potato Beetle. Nine different Potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated under natural Colorado Potato Beetle infestation at the Montcalm Research Farm in Entrican, Michigan. The Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line (USDA8380-1), and the high foliar glycoalkaloid line (ND5873-15) were most effective for controlling defoliation by Colorado Potato Beetle adults and larvae. The Bt-cry5 line (SPc5-G2) was not as effective as the Bt- cry3A transgenic lines ('Russet Burbank Newleaf,' RBN15, and YGc3.1). The glandular trichome (NYL235-4) and Bt- cry5+glandular trichome lines proved to be ineffective. Significant rank correlations for the Potato lines between the two years were observed for egg masses, second and third instar, and fourth instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant, and defoliation. Egg mass and first instar seasonal cumulative mean number of individuals per plant were not strong indicators of host plant resistance in contrast to second and third instars or adults. Based on these results, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, the high leptine line, and the high total glycoalkaloid line are effective host plant resistance mechanisms for control of Colorado Potato Beetle.

  • Combining Engineered (Bt-cry3A) and Natural Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle
    Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Joseph J Coombs, Edward J. Grafius, David S. Douches, W. Pett
    Abstract:

    The Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)) is a destructive pest of the cultivated Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Combining resistance mechanisms of leptine glycoalkaloids and glandular trichomes with the synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cry3A gene in Potato may be an effective strategy for controlling the Colorado Potato Beetle. Bt-cry3A transgenic plants were developed for three Potato lines with differing levels of resistance to Colorado Potato Beetle ('Yukon Gold' (susceptible control), USDA8380- 1 (leptine glycoalkaloids), and NYL235-4 (glandular trichomes)). Polymerase chain reaction, and Southern and northern blot analyses confirmed integration and transcription of the cry3A gene in the transgenic lines. Detached-leaf bioassays of the cry3A engineered transgenic lines demonstrated that resistance effectively controlled feeding by first instar Colorado Potato Beetles. The susceptible 'Yukon Gold' control suffered 32.3% defoliation, the nontransformed high foliar leptine line (USDA8380-1) had 3.0% defoliation, and the nontransformed glandular trichome line (NYL235-4) had 32.9% defoliation. Mean percentage defoliation for all transgenic lines ranged between 0.1% and 1.9%. Mean mortality ranged from 0.0% to 98.9% among the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines, compared to 20% for the susceptible 'Yukon Gold' control, 32.2% for USDA8380-1, and 16.4% for NYL235-4. Results indicate that genetic engineering and the availability of natural resistance mechanisms of Potato provide the ability to readily combine host plant resistance factors with different mechanisms in Potato.

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  • Colorado Potato Beetle
    Encyclopedia of Insects, 2009
    Co-Authors: George G. Kennedy
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Colorado Potato Beetle or Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which is the most devastating, defoliating insect pest of Potato (Solanum tuberosum ). The Potato Beetle is important because of the damage it causes to Potato and some related crops, as well as its extraordinary ability to evolve resistance to insecticides used in its control. The host range of the Colorado Potato Beetle is largely restricted to plants in the genus Solanum. The Colorado Potato Beetle is primarily a pest of Potatoes but may also damage tomato (Solanum esculentum) and eggplant (S. melongena ). In Potato, yield reductions are related to both the amount of defoliation and the stage of plant growth during which it occurs. Yield reductions in tomato and eggplant result from feeding injury to the fruits as well as from defoliation. A series of insecticides was used in previous studies to control the Beetle but they developed resistance to each of them. This stimulated a burst of research activity, which resulted in development of more holistic pest management approaches but none of them succeeded. Over time, it is likely that these concerns will diminish and transgenic Potatoes will become an important tool for managing Colorado Potato Beetle.

  • Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis - insecticides on population dynamics and egg predation of the Colorado Potato Beetle in North Carolina Potato plantings.
    BioControl, 1998
    Co-Authors: Angelika Hilbeck, Craig S. Eckel, George G. Kennedy
    Abstract:

    Field studies to assess the impact of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (Btt)-insecticides on Colorado Potato Beetle populations, egg survivorship and levels of predation on egg masses were conducted in replicated field research plots during two years. Stage-specific abundance of the Colorado Potato Beetle and predation on egg masses were monitored in Btt-treated and untreated Potato plots in both years. The Btt-treatments significantly reduced densities of large (third and fourth instar) Colorado Potato Beetle larvae. The densities of large larvae remained below 0.5 and 3 per plant in the Btt-treatment while peak densities of 4.5 and 21 large larvae per plant occurred in the untreated control in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Regular sampling of egg masses indicated that predation rates in Btt-treated and untreated plots did not differ significantly although, in 1993, predation rates of up to 100% were recorded, only in Btt-treated plots. In a predator exclusion study carried out in 1992, survivorship of protected eggs was consistently higher than of eggs exposed to predation. Seasonal survivorship of exposed eggs was significantly lower in the Btt-treated than in untreated plots. Btt insecticides for control of Colorado Potato Beetles provided direct protection of the crop and were compatible with naturally-occurring biological control of Colorado Potato Beetle eggs due to predation.

  • Predation on Colorado Potato Beetle Eggs by Generalist Predators in Research and Commercial Potato Plantings
    Biological Control, 1997
    Co-Authors: Angelika Hilbeck, Craig S. Eckel, George G. Kennedy
    Abstract:

    Abstract Field studies quantified predation on Colorado Potato Beetle [ Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] eggs and determined the relationship between predation and egg mass abundance in research and commercial Potato plantings in eastern North Carolina. Predator exclusion experiments were conducted weekly in research plantings. In addition, egg mass density and predation on egg masses were monitored throughout the season in research plots and commercial Potato fields. Predation was an important source of mortality for Colorado Potato Beetle eggs. Survivorship of eggs exposed to predators was consistently, significantly lower than survivorship of eggs protected from predation. Averaged over 2 years, the mean survivorship of eggs protected from predation was 69%, compared with 26% survivorship of eggs exposed to predation. Regression analysis failed to detect any relationship between egg mortality due to predation and egg abundance. These results imply that efforts to reduce Colorado Potato Beetle populations selectively will not be offset by an according decline in abundance of natural enemies and therefore should be fully compatible with naturally occurring biological control.

  • Differential predation by Coleomegilla maculata on Colorado Potato Beetle strains that vary in growth on tomato
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1996
    Co-Authors: Wenhua Lu, George G. Kennedy, Fred Gould
    Abstract:

    This study tests the hypothesis that the generalist predator Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer causes differential mortality of Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae differing in their degree of genetic adaptation to tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as a host plant. Results of a series of laboratory experiments demonstrate that adult C. maculata can cause higher mortality to nonadapted than adapted Colorado Potato Beetle larvae. The extent of differential mortality caused by C. maculata depended on age of Potato Beetle larvae; presence of Potato Beetle eggs; whether or not the predator had a choice among prey items; and, in choice situations, the ratio of adapted to nonadapted Potato Beetle larvae. Although adult C. maculata have the potential to prey differentially on tomato-adapted and nonadapted Colorado Potato Beetle larvae in mixed populations, the magnitude of differential predation in a natural setting could be highly variable.

  • Predators Feeding on the Colorado Potato Beetle in Insecticide-Free Plots and Insecticide-Treated Commercial Potato Fields in Eastern North Carolina
    Biological Control, 1996
    Co-Authors: Angelika Hilbeck, George G. Kennedy
    Abstract:

    Field studies in insecticide-free research plots and insecticide-treated commercial Potato fields were conducted to determine the identity and seasonal abundance of the predators feeding on the Colorado Potato Beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) in eastern North Carolina. Taxa were classified as predaceous on Colorado Potato Beetle eggs or larvae only if they were observed to feed on them in the field or to readily accept and survive for a prolonged period on a diet of eggs and small larvae in laboratory studies. Excluding soil arthropods, which were not sampled, Colorado Potato Beetle eggs and larvae were by far the most abundant prey available in Potato fields during this study. The coccinellidColeomegilla maculata(DeGeer) was the most abundant predator but its abundance varied independently of prey abundance. In addition, 13 insect genera, at least three spider families, one phalangid, and one mite species were found to prey on the Colorado Potato Beetle. Prior to the application of carbofuran to commercial Potato fields for control of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalisHubner) and Colorado Potato Beetle, dynamics and composition of the predator communities were generally similar to those in the much smaller untreated research plantings. Although carbofuran applications always suppressed or eliminated the predator population, predators recolonized the commercial fields within 1 to 2 weeks following its application.