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Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors influencing fluoride ingestion from Dentifrice by children
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Claudia Ayumi Nakai Kobayashi, Juliano Pelim Pessan, Melina Rodrigues Belini, Flavia De Moraes Italiani, Adriana Regina Colombo Pauleto, Juliana Julianelli De Araujo, Vanessa Tessarolli, Larissa Tercilia Grizzo, Maria Aparecida De Andrade Moreira Machado, Marília Afonso Rabelo BuzalafAbstract:Kobayashi CAN, Belini MR, Italiani FM, Pauleto ARC, Julianelli de Araujo J, Tessarolli V, Grizzo LT, Pessan JP, Machado MAAM, Buzalaf MAR. Factors influencing fluoride ingestion from Dentifrice by children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 426–432. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objective: This study assessed the percentage of the amount of Dentifrice loaded onto the toothbrush that is ingested by children, taking into account age, the amount of Dentifrice used during toothbrushing, and the Dentifrice flavor. Methods: The sample consisted of 155 children of both genders attending public kindergartens and schools in Bauru, Brazil, divided into 5 groups (n = 30–32) of children aged 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old. The Dentifrices used were Sorriso™ (1219 ppm F, peppermint-flavored) and Tandy™ (959 ppm F, tutti-frutti-flavored). The assessment of fluoride intake from Dentifrices was carried out six times for each child, using 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g of each Dentifrice, following a random, crossover distribution. Brushing was performed by the children or their parents/caregivers according to the home habits and under the observation of the examiner. Fluoride present in the expectorant and on toothbrush was analyzed with an ion-specific electrode after HMDS-facilitated diffusion. Fluoride ingestion was indirectly derived. Results were analyzed by 3-way repeated-measures anova and Tukey’s tests (P < 0.05) using the percent Dentifrice ingested as response variable. Results: Age and percent Dentifrice ingested for both Dentifrices, and the three amounts used were inversely related (P < 0.0001). Percent Dentifrice ingested was significantly higher after the use of Tandy™ under all conditions of the study when compared with Sorriso™ (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were observed when brushing with 0.3 g when compared with 1.2 g, for both Dentifrices tested (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that all variables tested must be considered in preventive measures aiming to reduce the amount of fluoride ingested by young children.
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Effects of Regular and Low-fluoride Dentifrices on Plaque Fluoride
Journal of Dental Research, 2010Co-Authors: Juliano Pelim Pessan, Irene Ramires, Gary M Whitford, Fabio Correia Sampaio, K. M. R. P. Alves, M. F. L. Taga, Marília Afonso Rabelo BuzalafAbstract:Previous studies have indicated that the use of low-fluoride Dentifrices could lead to proportionally higher plaque fluoride levels when compared with conventional Dentifrices. This double-blind, randomized, crossover study determined the effects of placebo, low-fluoride, and conventional Dentifrices on plaque fluoride concentrations ([F]) in children living in communities with 0.04, 0.72, and 3.36 ppm F in the drinking water. Children used the toothpastes twice daily, for 1 wk. Samples were collected 1 and 12 hrs after the last use of Dentifrices and were analyzed for fluoride and calcium. Similar increases were found 1 hr after the children brushed with low-fluoride (ca. 1.9 mmol F/kg) and conventional (ca. 2.4 mmol F/kg) Dentifrices in the 0.04- and 0.72-ppm-F communities. Despite the fact that the increases were less pronounced in the 3.36-ppm-F community, our results indicate that the use of a low-fluoride Dentifrice promotes a proportionally higher increase in plaque [F] when compared with that achieved with a conventional Dentifrice, based on dose-response considerations.
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the efficacy of a highly concentrated fluoride Dentifrice on bovine enamel subjected to erosion and abrasion
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2008Co-Authors: Daniela Rios, Ana Carolina Magalhaes, Renata Ocon Braga Polo, Annette Wiegand, Thomas Attin, Marília Afonso Rabelo BuzalafAbstract:ABSTRACT Background Researchers have proposed the use of fluoride for the prevention of enamel wear; however, only limited information is available about the impact of fluoridated Dentifrices. Because tooth wear is a well-recognized dental problem, the authors conducted an in situ, ex vivo study to assess the efficacy of a highly concentrated fluoride Dentifrice on bovine enamel subjected to erosion and abrasion. Methods The authors conducted a double-blind, crossover in situ study consisting of three phases (seven days each). In each phase, the authors tested one of the Dentifrices (5,000 parts per million fluoride [F]; 1,100 ppm F; no F). They performed erosive challenges with the use of cola drink (60 seconds, four times per day) and abrasive challenges via toothbrushing (30 seconds, four times per day). The authors determined the enamel loss via profilometry. Results The authors tested the data by using two-way analysis of variance ( P Conclusions Within the in situ, ex vivo conditions of this study, the authors concluded that the highly concentrated fluoride Dentifrice did not have a protective effect on enamel against erosion and erosion plus toothbrushing abrasion. Clinical Implications Patients at risk of developing enamel erosion should benefit from preventive measures other than fluoride Dentifrice, because even a highly concentrated fluoride Dentifrice does not appear to prevent enamel erosion.
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fluoride uptake by plaque from water and from Dentifrice
Journal of Dental Research, 2008Co-Authors: Juliano Pelim Pessan, Salete Moura Bonifacio Da Silva, Gary M Whitford, Jose Roberto Pereira Lauris, Fabio Correia Sampaio, Marília Afonso Rabelo BuzalafAbstract:It has been suggested that fluoride retention in plaque is limited by available binding sites. We determined the effects of fluoridated or placebo Dentifrices on plaque and salivary fluoride concentrations [F]s in communities with different water fluoride concentrations (0.04, 0.85, 3.5 ppm). After one week of Dentifrice use, samples were collected 1.0 and 12 hrs after the last use of Dentifrices. After the use of fluoridated Dentifrice, plaque fluoride concentrations were higher at both times, except at 12 hrs in the 3.5-ppm community. Plaque concentrations at 1.0 hr after the use of fluoridated Dentifrice increased almost constantly (6.5 mmol/kg), but then decreased approximately 50% at 12 hrs in each community. Unlike previous studies, the present findings suggest that the use of fluoridated Dentifrice is likely to increase plaque fluoride concentrations significantly for up to 12 hrs in areas where the water contains fluoride close to 1.0 ppm. As previously reported, plaque fluoride concentrations were directly related to calcium concentrations.
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Fluoride intake from regular and low fluoride Dentifrices by 2-3-year-old children: influence of the Dentifrice flavor
Brazilian Oral Research, 2007Co-Authors: Samanta Mascarenhas Moraes, Juliano Pelim Pessan, Irene Ramires, Marília Afonso Rabelo BuzalafAbstract:This study evaluated the fluoride intake from Dentifrices with different fluoride concentrations ([F]) by children aged 24-36 months, as well as the influence of the Dentifrice flavor in the amount of fluoride ingested during toothbrushing. Thirty-three children were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to the [F] in the Dentifrices: G-A (523 µgF/g), G-B (1,062 µgF/g) and G-C (1,373 µgF/g). Dentifrices A and B are marketed for children, while Dentifrice C is a regular product. The amount of F ingested was indirectly obtained, subtracting the amount expelled and the amount left on the toothbrush from the amount initially loaded onto the brush. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's test and linear regression analysis (p 0.05). Mean daily fluoride intake from Dentifrice for G-A, G-B and G-C was 0.022a, 0.032a and 0.061b mg F/kg body weight, respectively (p < 0.01). There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001) between the amount of Dentifrice used and the amount of fluoride ingested during toothbrushing. The results indicate the need for instructing children's parents and care givers to use a small amount of Dentifrice (< 0.3 g) to avoid excessive ingestion of fluoride. The use of low-[F] Dentifrices by children younger than 6 years also seems to be a good alternative to minimize fluoride intake. Dentifrice flavor did not influence the percentage of fluoride intake.
Jaime Aparecido Cury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dispensing device to deliver small and standardized amount of fluoride Dentifrice on the toothbrush
Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 2020Co-Authors: Silvia Jose Chedid, Livia Maria Andalo Tenuta, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a dispensing device specially developed to standardize the amount of fluoride Dentifrice to be delivered on the toothbrush. The amount and variability of Dentifrice applied using this device were compared with recommendations to apply Dentifrice amounts equivalent to “rice size” or “pea-size”. Material and Methods: Two Dentifrices, one used by children (NaF/Silica-based) and one used by the entire family (MFP/CaCO3-based), and five methods to apply them on the toothbrush (pea and rice sizes, and three different amounts using the developed device) were tested by 12 volunteers. The amount of Dentifrice placed on the toothbrush was weighed, and the experiment was repeated three times. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test . Results: No differences were observed between the Dentifrices used (p>0.05), but the method of application significantly affected the amount of Dentifrice applied (p<0.05). Smaller amounts (p<0.05) and less variability were observed when the volunteers used the dispenser device than when they were asked to apply a pea or rice size . Conclusion: The device can help parents and caregivers to safely use fluoride Dentifrice on children.
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association between socioeconomic factors and the choice of Dentifrice and fluoride intake by children
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011Co-Authors: Carolina Castro Martins, Jaime Aparecido Cury, Maria Jose Lages De Oliveira, Isabela Almeida Pordeus, Saul Martins PaivaAbstract:It is questionable whether socioeconomic factors influence the choice of marketed children’s Dentifrices and whether these products are associated with greater fluoride (F) intake in children. The present cross-sectional study involving 197 children (mean age: 40.98 ± 6.62 months) was carried out in Montes Claros, Brazil. Parents completed a questionnaire on socioeconomic status and the tooth brushing habits of their children. The children brushed their teeth and saliva residues were collected for F analysis. F intake from Dentifrice was determined with an ion-specific electrode. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to test whether the type of Dentifrice (children’s or family) and F dose (< 0.05 and ≥0.05 mg F/Kg of body weight/day) were associated with the independent variables (p < 0.05). No differences were found between children’s and family Dentifrices regarding daily F intake (0.046 and 0.040 mg F/Kg/day, respectively; p = 0.513). The following were strong predictors for the use of a children’s Dentifrice: studying at a private kindergarten (OR: 6.89; p < 0.001); age that the child begun to tooth brush < 2 years (OR: 2.93; p = 0.041), and the interaction between the variables “use of the same Dentifrice as parents” and “type of tooth brush used” (OR: 27.20; p < 0.001). “The amount of Dentifrice used” and “frequency of tooth brushing” (p ≤ 0.004) had a statistically and synergistic effect over the daily F dose. The present study found a social influence over the choice of Dentifrice: children with a high socioeconomic status tend to use a children’s Dentifrice. The amount of Dentifrice used can strongly increase the risk of exposure to higher doses of F, regardless of the type of Dentifrice.
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apf and Dentifrice effect on root dentin demineralization and biofilm
Journal of Dental Research, 2011Co-Authors: Glauber Campos Vale, C??nthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury, Livia Maria Andalo Tenuta, J Ten M Cate, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Because dentin is more caries-susceptible than enamel, its demineralization may be more influenced by additional fluoride (F). We hypothesized that a combination of professional F, applied as acidulated phosphate F (APF), and use of 1100-ppm-F Dentifrice would provide additional protection for dentin compared with 1100-ppm-F alone. Twelve adult volunteers wore palatal appliances containing root dentin slabs, which were subjected, during 4 experimental phases of 7 days each, to biofilm accumulation and sucrose exposure 8x/day. The volunteers were randomly assigned to the following treatments: placebo Dentifrice (PD), 1100-ppm-F Dentifrice (FD), APF + PD, and APF+FD. APF gel (1.23% F) was applied to the slabs once at the beginning of the experimental phase, and the Dentifrices were used 3x/day. APF and FD increased F concentration in biofilm fluid and reduced root dentin demineralization, presenting an additive effect. Analysis of the data suggests that the combination of APF gel application and daily regular use of 1100-ppm-F Dentifrice may provide additional protection against root caries compared with the Dentifrice alone.
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ph cycling models to evaluate the effect of low fluoride Dentifrice on enamel de and remineralization
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Celso Silva Queiroz, Anderson T Hara, Adriana Franco Paes Leme, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Since the currently available pH-cycling models do not differentiate the anti-caries potential of Dentifrices with low fluoride (F)concentration, two models were developed and tested in the present. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to the models and treat edwith F solutions containing from 70 to 280 µg F/mL in order to validate them in terms of dose-response effect. The models were alsotested by evaluating the Dentifrices Colgate Baby (500 µg F/g, as a low fluoride Dentifrice), Tandy (1,100 µg F/g, as an active F-Dentifrice) and Crest (1,100 µg F/g, as positive control). Enamel mineral loss or gain was assessed by surface and cross-sectionalmicrohardness, and lesion depth was analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The pH-cycling models showed F dose-response effecteither reducing enamel demineralization or enhancing remineralization. The low F Dentifrice presented anti-caries potential, but it wasnot equivalent to the Dentifrices containing 1,100 µg F/g. These data suggest that the models developed in this study were able toevaluate the anti-caries potential of low F Dentifrice either on resistance to demineralization or on enhancement of reminerali zation.Key Words: demineralization, remineralization, fluoride, Dentifrice.
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ph cycling models to evaluate the effect of low fluoride Dentifrice on enamel de and remineralization
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Celso Silva Queiroz, Anderson T Hara, Adriana Franco Paes Leme, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Since the currently available pH-cycling models do not differentiate the anti-caries potential of Dentifrices with low fluoride (F) concentration, two models were developed and tested in the present. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to the models and treated with F solutions containing from 70 to 280 mg F/mL in order to validate them in terms of dose-response effect. The models were also tested by evaluating the Dentifrices Colgate Baby (500 mg F/g, as a low fluoride Dentifrice), Tandy (1,100 mg F/g, as an active F-Dentifrice) and Crest (1,100 mg F/g, as positive control). Enamel mineral loss or gain was assessed by surface and cross-sectional microhardness, and lesion depth was analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The pH-cycling models showed F dose-response effect either reducing enamel demineralization or enhancing remineralization. The low F Dentifrice presented anti-caries potential, but it was not equivalent to the Dentifrices containing 1,100 mg F/g. These data suggest that the models developed in this study were able to evaluate the anti-caries potential of low F Dentifrice either on resistance to demineralization or on enhancement of remineralization.
S. L. Eversole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Erosion protection benefits of stabilized SnF_2 Dentifrice versus an arginine–sodium monofluorophosphate Dentifrice: results from in vitro and in situ clinical studies
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2017Co-Authors: N. X. West, T. He, E. L. Macdonald, J. Seong, N. Hellin, M. L. Barker, S. L. EversoleAbstract:Objectives The aim of these investigations was to assess the ability of two fluoride Dentifrices to protect against the initiation and progression of dental erosion using a predictive in vitro erosion cycling model and a human in situ erosion prevention clinical trial for verification of effectiveness. Materials and methods A stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF_2) Dentifrice (0.454 % SnF_2 + 0.077 % sodium fluoride [NaF]; total F = 1450 ppm F) [Dentifrice A] and a sodium monofluorophosphate [SMFP]/arginine Dentifrice (1.1 % SMFP + 1.5 % arginine; total F = 1450 ppm F) [Dentifrice B] were tested in a 5-day in vitro erosion cycling model and a 10-day randomized, controlled, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period crossover in situ clinical trial. In each study, human enamel specimens were exposed to repetitive product treatments using a standardized dilution of test products followed by erosive acid challenges in a systematic fashion. Results Both studies demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two products, with Dentifrice A providing significantly better enamel protection in each study. In vitro, Dentifrice A provided a 75.8 % benefit over Dentifrice B ( p
N. Hellin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a clinical study to measure anti erosion properties of a stabilized stannous fluoride Dentifrice relative to a sodium fluoride triclosan Dentifrice
International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2017Co-Authors: Nicola X West, Joon Seong, N. Hellin, H Eynon, Matthew L BarkerAbstract:Objective To compare the enamel protection efficacy of a stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) Dentifrice to a sodium fluoride (NaF)/triclosan Dentifrice following acidic erosive challenge. Methods In this in situ, randomized, controlled, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period crossover clinical trial, subjects wore an appliance fitted with human enamel samples 6 h day−1 during each 15-day treatment period. Twice each treatment day they swished with their assigned Dentifrice slurry: 0.454% SnF2/0.077% NaF or 0.32% NaF/0.3% triclosan. After each treatment and two other times daily, subjects swished with 250 ml of orange juice over a 10-min period (acidic erosive challenge). Enamel samples were measured for tooth surface loss using contact profilometry at baseline and days 10 and 15. Results Thirty-six subjects (mean age 44.8 years, range 23–65 years) were randomized to treatment; 33 subjects completed the final study visit. There were no statistically significant baseline differences (P > 0.44) in the specimen surfaces of the two Dentifrice treatment groups via profilometry. At day 10, the SnF2 Dentifrice provided a statistically significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in enamel loss by 67% versus the NaF/triclosan Dentifrice with estimated medians of 1.22 and 3.68 μm, respectively. At day 15, the SnF2 Dentifrice again provided a significantly greater benefit (P < 0.0001) against tooth surface loss versus the NaF/triclosan Dentifrice, with 68% less erosion, and estimated medians of 1.60 and 5.03 μm, respectively. Both Dentifrices were well tolerated. Conclusion A stabilized SnF2 Dentifrice provided superior protection against the initiation and progression of tooth enamel surface loss in situ after erosive challenge compared to a NaF/triclosan Dentifrice.
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Erosion protection benefits of stabilized SnF_2 Dentifrice versus an arginine–sodium monofluorophosphate Dentifrice: results from in vitro and in situ clinical studies
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2017Co-Authors: N. X. West, T. He, E. L. Macdonald, J. Seong, N. Hellin, M. L. Barker, S. L. EversoleAbstract:Objectives The aim of these investigations was to assess the ability of two fluoride Dentifrices to protect against the initiation and progression of dental erosion using a predictive in vitro erosion cycling model and a human in situ erosion prevention clinical trial for verification of effectiveness. Materials and methods A stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF_2) Dentifrice (0.454 % SnF_2 + 0.077 % sodium fluoride [NaF]; total F = 1450 ppm F) [Dentifrice A] and a sodium monofluorophosphate [SMFP]/arginine Dentifrice (1.1 % SMFP + 1.5 % arginine; total F = 1450 ppm F) [Dentifrice B] were tested in a 5-day in vitro erosion cycling model and a 10-day randomized, controlled, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period crossover in situ clinical trial. In each study, human enamel specimens were exposed to repetitive product treatments using a standardized dilution of test products followed by erosive acid challenges in a systematic fashion. Results Both studies demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two products, with Dentifrice A providing significantly better enamel protection in each study. In vitro, Dentifrice A provided a 75.8 % benefit over Dentifrice B ( p
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Erosion protection benefits of stabilized SnF2 Dentifrice versus an arginine-sodium monofluorophosphate Dentifrice: results from in vitro and in situ clinical studies.
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2016Co-Authors: Nicola X West, Joon Seong, Emma L Macdonald, Matthew L Barker, N. Hellin, Sandra L. EversoleAbstract:The aim of these investigations was to assess the ability of two fluoride Dentifrices to protect against the initiation and progression of dental erosion using a predictive in vitro erosion cycling model and a human in situ erosion prevention clinical trial for verification of effectiveness. A stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) Dentifrice (0.454 % SnF2 + 0.077 % sodium fluoride [NaF]; total F = 1450 ppm F) [Dentifrice A] and a sodium monofluorophosphate [SMFP]/arginine Dentifrice (1.1 % SMFP + 1.5 % arginine; total F = 1450 ppm F) [Dentifrice B] were tested in a 5-day in vitro erosion cycling model and a 10-day randomized, controlled, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period crossover in situ clinical trial. In each study, human enamel specimens were exposed to repetitive product treatments using a standardized dilution of test products followed by erosive acid challenges in a systematic fashion. Both studies demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two products, with Dentifrice A providing significantly better enamel protection in each study. In vitro, Dentifrice A provided a 75.8 % benefit over Dentifrice B (p
Anthony R Volpe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anticaries efficacy of a sodium monofluorophosphate Dentifrice containing xylitol in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base. A 30-month caries clinical study in Costa Rica.
American journal of dentistry, 2002Co-Authors: Jorge L Sintes, Anthony R Volpe, Augusto Elías-boneta, Bernal Stewart, Joseph LovettAbstract:PURPOSE To compare the long-term caries increment associated with the use of two Dentifrices: (1) a test Dentifrice containing 0.836% sodium monofluorophosphate (1100 ppm F) in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base plus 10% xylitol; and (2) a positive control Dentifrice containing 0.836% sodium monofluorophosphate (1100 ppm F) in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three thousand three hundred ninety four (3,394) school children aged 7-12 years were selected to participate in this double blind clinical caries study at 28 public schools in the central plateau of Costa Rica. Children accepted for participation were stratified into two balanced groups within the participating schools on the basis of age and sex, and assigned to one of the two Dentifrices. The study was conducted in harmony with the guidelines for caries clinical studies published in 1988 by the Council on Dental Therapeutics of the American Dental Association, and employed clinical diagnostic criteria provided in 1991 guidelines published by the National Institute of Dental Research (NIH/NIDR). Dental radiographs were not employed. RESULTS Of those subjects who met the initial inclusion/exclusion criteria for this study, 2,539 were available for the 30-month exam. DFS increments over the 30-month period of this clinical study were 1.30 for the test Dentifrice containing 10% xylitol, and 1.51 for the positive control Dentifrice without xylitol; for DFT, the corresponding increments were 0.69 for the test Dentifrice containing 10% xylitol, and 0.81 for that which did not contain xylitol. For both DFS and DFT, the increments associated with the test Dentifrice containing 10% xylitol were statistically significantly lower than those associated with the positive Dentifrice without xylitol (P < 0.05), with the observed reductions in caries increment exceeding 10% in for both parameters.
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The enhanced anticaries efficacy of a sodium fluoride and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate Dentifrice in a dual-chambered tube. A 2-year caries clinical study on children in Brazil.
American journal of dentistry, 2001Co-Authors: Milton Fernando Andrade Silva, Anthony R Volpe, Yun Po Zhang, Bernal Stewart, Margaret E Petrone, De Vizio W, Howard M. ProskinAbstract:PURPOSE To clinically evaluate and compare a Dentifrice system in a dual-chambered tube, wherein one chamber contained sodium fluoride in a silica base and the other chamber contained dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (Test Dentifrice delivering 0.243% sodium fluoride), to a Dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Positive Control Dentifrice). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in harmony with the published 1988 American Dental Association guidelines for studies geared toward the comparison of fluoride Dentifrices. This 2-yr caries clinical study employed a double-blind, parallel-group design, and involved 6-10 yr-old children from the metropolitan area of Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil. Qualifying subjects were stratified according to age and sex, and were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups, with multiple subjects in the same household all assigned to the Dentifrice randomly allocated to the first among them. Caries examinations were conducted in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for the clinical evaluation of drugs to prevent dental caries. One calibrated examiner performed all the measurements. After treatment assignment, study participants were instructed to brush their teeth at home with their assigned Dentifrice at least twice daily. Brushing instructions were reinforced by indoctrination in proper oral hygiene techniques by dental professionals, supplemented by pamphlets supplied by the sponsor and yearly mailings to participants, emphasizing good oral hygiene and the need to enforce compliance with the study. Post-baseline examinations were performed after 1 yr of product use, and again after 2 yrs of product use. RESULTS Two thousand four hundred thirty-two (2,432) subjects completed this 2-yr study. For these subjects, the mean caries scores (DMFS, decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces) at baseline were 3.84 for the Test Dentifrice group, and 4.06 for the Positive Control Dentifrice group. For caries increments after 1 yr, the respective means were 2.02 for the Test Dentifrice group and 2.12 for the Positive Control Dentifrice group. Finally, after 2 yrs, the mean caries increments were 4.30 for the Test Dentifrice group, and 4.83 for the Positive Control Dentifrice group. No statistically significant difference was indicated between the treatment groups at baseline or between the 1-yr caries increment scores. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the 2-yr caries increment scores between the treatment groups. Relative to the Positive Control Dentifrice group, the Test Dentifrice group presented a 10.97% reduction in caries increment scores at 2 yrs. In accordance with the procedures and standards provided by the published guidelines of the American Dental Association for the comparison of the anticaries efficacy of fluoride Dentifrices, the results of this study support the conclusion that the Dentifrice system in a dual-chambered tube, wherein one chamber contained sodium fluoride in a silica base and the other chamber contained dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, delivering 0.243% sodium fluoride, provided a superior level of anticaries efficacy than did the Dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base.
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A clinical comparison of two calculus-inhibiting Dentifrices.
The Journal of clinical dentistry, 2000Co-Authors: Conforti N, Margaret E Petrone, William Devizio, Berta R, Anthony R VolpeAbstract:The objective of this double-blind clinical study, conducted in harmony with the Volpe-Manhold design for studies of dental calculus, was to compare the effect on supragingival calculus formation of a Dentifrice containing pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and a copolymer in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base (Test Dentifrice), to that of a commercially available calculus-inhibiting Dentifrice containing tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base (Positive Control Dentifrice). Adult male and female subjects from the Buffalo, New York area were entered into the study, provided a full oral prophylaxis, and assigned the use of a placebo (non-calculus-inhibiting) Dentifrice for fourteen weeks. At the completion of this initial period, subjects were assessed for baseline Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index scores, provided another full prophylaxis, and stratified into two treatment groups which were balanced for age, sex and baseline calculus. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned Dentifrice, using a soft-bristled toothbrush. Examinations for dental calculus were again performed after twelve weeks' use of the study Dentifrices. Ninety-one (91) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At the three-month examination, the Test Dentifrice group exhibited a statistically significant 27.3% reduction in mean Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index score as compared to the Positive Control Dentifrice group. The results of this clinical study support the conclusion that a new calculus-inhibiting Dentifrice, containing pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and a copolymer in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base, is efficacious for the control of the development of supragingival calculus, and provides a level of benefit greater than that provided by a commercially available calculus-inhibiting Dentifrice containing tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base.
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Clinical study to assess the stain removal efficacy of two tartar control Dentifrices and a low abrasive Dentifrice.
The Journal of clinical dentistry, 1994Co-Authors: Samuel L Yankell, Emling Rc, Michael Prencipe, Kedar N. Rustogi, Anthony R VolpeAbstract:: Significant differences in stain removal have been demonstrated in a laboratory study comparing two tartar control Dentifrices: Platinum, containing 1.3% soluble pyrophosphate and 1.5% of a copolymer, and Crest Tartar Control, containing 5% soluble pyrophosphate. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the same tartar control Dentifrices, and a low abrasive Dentifrice for their ability to reduce Peridex-induced stain. Eighty-five subjects were given Peridex (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate) and a low abrasive Dentifrice for 4 weeks. The 76 subjects with sufficient stain were stratified using the Lobene index on buccal and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, and randomly assigned one of the three Dentifrices for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, total stain evaluations were significantly lower in the Platinum Dentifrice group (mean 0.84) compared to both Crest Tartar Control Dentifrice (1.08) and the low abrasive Dentifrice (1.09) at p
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Clinical study to assess the stain removal efficacy of two tartar control Dentifrices and a low abrasive Dentifrice.
The Journal of clinical dentistry, 1994Co-Authors: Samuel L Yankell, Emling Rc, Michael Prencipe, Kedar N. Rustogi, Anthony R VolpeAbstract:: Significant differences in stain removal have been demonstrated in a laboratory study comparing two tartar control Dentifrices: Platinum, containing 1.3% soluble pyrophosphate and 1.5% of a copolymer, and Crest Tartar Control, containing 5% soluble pyrophosphate. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the same tartar control Dentifrices, and a low abrasive Dentifrice for their ability to reduce Peridex-induced stain. Eighty-five subjects were given Peridex (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate) and a low abrasive Dentifrice for 4 weeks. The 76 subjects with sufficient stain were stratified using the Lobene index on buccal and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, and randomly assigned one of the three Dentifrices for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, total stain evaluations were significantly lower in the Platinum Dentifrice group (mean 0.84) compared to both Crest Tartar Control Dentifrice (1.08) and the low abrasive Dentifrice (1.09) at p
