The Experts below are selected from a list of 168 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthew D. Moran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed dispersal of Diospyros virginiana in the past and the present evidence for a generalist evolutionary strategy
Ecology and Evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Mimi Rebein, Charli N Davis, Helena Abad, Taylor Stone, Jillian F Del Sol, Natalie Skinner, Matthew D. MoranAbstract:Several North American trees are hypothesized to have lost their co-evolved seed disperser during the late-Pleistocene extinction and are therefore considered anachronistic. We tested this hypothesis for the American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) by studying the effects of gut passage of proposed seed dispersers on seedling survival and growth, natural fruiting characteristics, and modern animal consumption patterns. We tested gut passage effects on persimmon seeds using three native living species, the raccoon (Procyon lotor), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and coyote (Canis latrans), and two Pleistocene analogs; the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Persimmon seeds excreted by raccoons, coyotes, and elephants survived gut transit. Gut passage did not affect sprouting success, but did tend to decrease time to sprout and increase seedling quality. Under field conditions, persimmon fruits were palatable on the parent tree and on the ground for an equal duration, but most fruits were consumed on the ground. Seven vertebrate species fed upon persimmon fruits, with the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)-a species not capable of dispersing persimmon seeds-comprising over 90% of detections. Conversely, potential living seed dispersers were rarely detected. Our results suggest the American persimmon evolved to attract a variety of seed dispersers and thus is not anachronistic. However, human-induced changes in mammal communities could be affecting successful seed dispersal. We argue that changes in the relative abundance of mammals during the Anthropocene may be modifying seed dispersal patterns, leading to potential changes in forest community composition.
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is the coyote canis latrans a potential seed disperser for the american persimmon Diospyros virginiana
American Midland Naturalist, 2013Co-Authors: Katherine Roehm, Matthew D. MoranAbstract:Abstract The role of carnivores in seed dispersal has only recently been studied in North American plants. We investigated the potential effectiveness of the Coyote (Canis latrans) as a seed disperser for American Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana; Ebenaceae) and tested the effect of experimental design in gut passage experiments. Germination percentage and rate and vigor of seedlings produced by D. virginiana seeds collected from Coyote scat were compared to seeds removed from or contained in whole fruit in a common garden experiment. Germination percentages for Coyote ingested seeds and whole fruit were nearly the same. Emergence was significantly faster for seedlings produced from ingested seeds compared to those seeds in whole fruit, however the quality of these seedlings was significantly poorer. Seedlings produced by seeds artificially removed from fruits had greater survival than those resulting from seeds ingested by coyotes or contained in intact fruits. Our results suggest that Coyotes can effecti...
S. Nethaji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana in yeast induced pyrexia
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic effect of the ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana Linn against brewer yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats of both sexes was investigated. Methods: The Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer's yeast suspension (10 ml/kg) into the animals. After the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extracts of leaf of Diospyros virginiana possessed significant antipyretic effect compared to the bark extract. Conclusion : This study provides evidences for the antipyretic activity of Diospyros virginiana which could partly contribute to its ethno medical use.
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Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaf and bark extracts of Diospyros virginiana in rats
2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:The ethanolic extracts of Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark studied for their antioxidant effects on carbon tetra chloride (1.5 ml/kg) induced acute liver damage on swiss albino rats. The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as Malondialdehyde (MDA/LPO), Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) were estimated. Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark extracts at a dose level of 500mg/kg produce significant hepatoprotection by decreasing and increasing the activity of serum enzymes and vitamin. The effects of Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark were comparable to that of standard drug, Silymarin. From this study, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract D. virginiana leaf and bark of is not only an effective hepatoprotective agent, but also possesses significant antioxidant activity.
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antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana in yeast induced pyrexia short communication
2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic effect of the ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana Linn against brewer yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats of both sexes was investigated. Methods: The Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer's yeast suspension (10 ml/kg) into the animals. After the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extracts of leaf of Diospyros virginiana possessed significant antipyretic effect compared to the bark extract. Conclusion: This study provides evidences for the antipyretic activity of Diospyros virginiana which could partly contribute to its ethno medical use.
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anti ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Diospyros virginiana in rats
2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:Ulcer disease is one of the common diseases in the world. Treatment of ulcer with synthetic drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has shown adverse effects, relapses, drug interactions. Medicinal plants containing active chemical constituents are useful in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Literatures suggest that herbal formulations of medicinal plants are considered to be potential source for the treatment of ulcers. This study was focused to evaluate the protective activity of Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark ethanolic extracts against HCLethanol induced ulcers. This plant both extracts significantly reduced the ulceration induced by acid alcohol when compared to that of standard ranitidine.
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gc ms analysis of some bioactive constituents of Diospyros virginiana
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. Nethaji, B SindhujaAbstract:The present study of phytochemical analysis in the leaves and bark powder extract with absolute ethanol, the phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. In this GC-MS analysis, 40 bioactive phytochemical compounds and 30 compounds were identified in leaves and bark of Diospyros virginiana. The identified compounds predominantly phenolic derivatives are present included Hydrocarbons, Carbohydrates, Fatty Acid, Fatty Acid ester, Alcoholic compounds, Alkaloids, Ketones and Alkenes compounds. These different active phytochemicals have been found to possess a wide range of activities, which may help in the protection against incurable diseases.
Anantha Prasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how fast and far might tree species migrate in the eastern united states due to climate change
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2004Co-Authors: Louis R. Iverson, Mark W Schwartz, Anantha PrasadAbstract:Aim We describe and use a model, SHIFT, to estimate potential migration due to climate change over the next 100 years. Location Eastern United States. Methods Five species, currently confined to the eastern half of the United States and not extending into Canada, were used to assess migration potential: Diospyros virginiana (persimmon), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), and Quercus falcata var. falcata (southern red oak). SHIFT is a matrix simulation model using simple inverse power functions to provide a distance decay of seed dispersal and is driven primarily by the abundance of the species near the boundary, the forest density within and beyond the boundary, and the distance between cells. For each cell outside the current boundary, the model creates an estimate of the probability that each unoccupied cell will become colonized over a period of 100 years. SHIFT is a ‘fat-tailed’ migration model that allows rare very long distance dispersal events and colonization could occur up to 500 km beyond the current distribution boundary. Model outputs were analysed using transects through sections showing relatively low and high colonization probabilities as a result of low and high densities of target trees (high source strength) as well as high densities of forest (high sink strength). We also assess migration potential for species by concentric rings around the current boundary.
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predicting the potential future distribution of four tree species in ohio using current habitat availability and climatic forcing
Ecosystems, 2001Co-Authors: Mark W Schwartz, Louis R. Iverson, Anantha PrasadAbstract:We investigated the effect of habitat loss on the ability of trees to shift in distribution across a landscape dominated by agriculture. The potential distribution shifts of four tree species (Diospyros virginiana, Oxydendron arboreum, Pinus virginiana, Quercus falcata var. falcata) whose northern distribution limits fall in the southern third of Ohio were used to assess possible distribution shift scenarios as a result of global warming. Our predictions derive from the results of simulations using (a) forest inventory based estimates of current distribution and abundance of target species; (b) a satellite-based estimate of forest habitat availability; and (c) a tree migration model (SHIFT). The current distribution and abundance of trees was estimated using USDA Forest Service?s Forest Inventory Analysis data and distribution maps from the late 1960s; pre-European settlement forest?nonforest maps were used to represent the fully forested condition for calibration and comparison. Habitat-availability estimates in Ohio were estimated using classified Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from 1994. Tree abundance, forest availability and migration were modeled using a 1-km2 pixel size. Forest availability was estimated as the proportion of forested TM pixels within each cell. The probability of a migrating species colonizing an unoccupied cell is modeled as a function of forest availability and distance to occupied cells.
володимир васильович красовський - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the research of structure of introduction population of subtropical fruit species asimina triloba l dunal punica granatum l zizyphus jujuba mill ficus carica l amygdalus communis l Diospyros virginiana l in khorol botanical garden
ScienceRise: Biological Science, 2016Co-Authors: володимир васильович красовськийAbstract:It was characterized the structure of artificial introduction populations of subtropical fruit species growing in Khorol botanical garden. There are seventy things of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal; six things of Punica granatum L.; fifty things of Zizyphus jujuba Mill.; eight things of Ficus carica L.; four things of Amygdalus communis L.; twenty six things of Diospyros virginiana L. The crops have pre-production and reproduction ecological age
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дослідження структури інтродукційних популяцій субтропічних видів asimina triloba l dunal punica granatum l zizyphus jujuba mill ficus carica l amygdalus communis l Diospyros virginiana l у хорольському ботанічному саду
ScienceRise: Biological Science, 2016Co-Authors: володимир васильович красовськийAbstract:It was characterized the structure of artificial introduction populations of subtropical fruit species growing in Khorol botanical garden. There are seventy things of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal; six things of Punica granatum L.; fifty things of Zizyphus jujuba Mill.; eight things of Ficus carica L.; four things of Amygdalus communis L.; twenty six things of Diospyros virginiana L. The crops have pre-production and reproduction ecological age
S. Priya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana in yeast induced pyrexia
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic effect of the ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana Linn against brewer yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats of both sexes was investigated. Methods: The Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer's yeast suspension (10 ml/kg) into the animals. After the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extracts of leaf of Diospyros virginiana possessed significant antipyretic effect compared to the bark extract. Conclusion : This study provides evidences for the antipyretic activity of Diospyros virginiana which could partly contribute to its ethno medical use.
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Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaf and bark extracts of Diospyros virginiana in rats
2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:The ethanolic extracts of Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark studied for their antioxidant effects on carbon tetra chloride (1.5 ml/kg) induced acute liver damage on swiss albino rats. The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as Malondialdehyde (MDA/LPO), Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) were estimated. Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark extracts at a dose level of 500mg/kg produce significant hepatoprotection by decreasing and increasing the activity of serum enzymes and vitamin. The effects of Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark were comparable to that of standard drug, Silymarin. From this study, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract D. virginiana leaf and bark of is not only an effective hepatoprotective agent, but also possesses significant antioxidant activity.
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antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana in yeast induced pyrexia short communication
2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic effect of the ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana Linn against brewer yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats of both sexes was investigated. Methods: The Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer's yeast suspension (10 ml/kg) into the animals. After the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extracts of leaf of Diospyros virginiana possessed significant antipyretic effect compared to the bark extract. Conclusion: This study provides evidences for the antipyretic activity of Diospyros virginiana which could partly contribute to its ethno medical use.
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anti ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Diospyros virginiana in rats
2015Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. NethajiAbstract:Ulcer disease is one of the common diseases in the world. Treatment of ulcer with synthetic drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has shown adverse effects, relapses, drug interactions. Medicinal plants containing active chemical constituents are useful in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Literatures suggest that herbal formulations of medicinal plants are considered to be potential source for the treatment of ulcers. This study was focused to evaluate the protective activity of Diospyros virginiana leaf and bark ethanolic extracts against HCLethanol induced ulcers. This plant both extracts significantly reduced the ulceration induced by acid alcohol when compared to that of standard ranitidine.
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gc ms analysis of some bioactive constituents of Diospyros virginiana
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: S. Priya, S. Nethaji, B SindhujaAbstract:The present study of phytochemical analysis in the leaves and bark powder extract with absolute ethanol, the phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. In this GC-MS analysis, 40 bioactive phytochemical compounds and 30 compounds were identified in leaves and bark of Diospyros virginiana. The identified compounds predominantly phenolic derivatives are present included Hydrocarbons, Carbohydrates, Fatty Acid, Fatty Acid ester, Alcoholic compounds, Alkaloids, Ketones and Alkenes compounds. These different active phytochemicals have been found to possess a wide range of activities, which may help in the protection against incurable diseases.