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James J. Gross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digital Emotion Regulation
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2020Co-Authors: Gregory Wadley, Wally Smith, Peter Koval, James J. GrossAbstract:People routinely regulate their Emotions in order to function more effectively at work, to behave more appropriately in social situations, or simply to feel better. Recently, researchers have begun to examine how people shape their affective states using digital technologies, such as smartphones. In this article, we discuss the emergence of digital Emotion Regulation, both as a widespread behavioral phenomenon and a new cross-disciplinary field of research. This field bridges two largely distinct areas of enquiry: (1) psychological research into how and why people regulate their Emotions, which has yet to systematically explore the role of digital technology; and (2) computing research into how digital technologies impact users’ Emotions, which has yet to integrate psychological theories of Emotion Regulation. We argue that bringing these two areas into better contact will benefit both, and will facilitate a deeper understanding of the nature and significance of digital Emotion Regulation.
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explicit and implicit Emotion Regulation a multi level framework
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Laura Martin Braunstein, James J. Gross, Kevin N OchsnerAbstract:The ability to adaptively regulate Emotion is essential for mental and physical well-being. How should we organize the myriad ways people attempt to regulate their Emotions? We explore the utility of a framework that distinguishes among four fundamental classes of Emotion Regulation strategies. The framework describes each strategy class in terms their behavioral characteristics, underlying psychological processes and supporting neural systems. A key feature of this multi-level framework is its conceptualization of the psychological processes in terms of two orthogonal dimensions that describe (i) the nature of the Emotion Regulation goal (ranging from to implicit to explicit) and (ii) the nature of the Emotion change process (ranging from more automatic to more controlled). After describing the core elements of the framework, we use it to review human and animal research on the neural bases of Emotion Regulation and to suggest key directions for future research on Emotion Regulation.
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Emotion Regulation a transdiagnostic perspective on a new rdoc domain
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2016Co-Authors: Katya C Fernandez, Hooria Jazaieri, James J. GrossAbstract:It is widely agreed that Emotion Regulation plays an important role in many psychological disorders. We make the case that Emotion Regulation is in fact a key transdiagnostic factor, using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) as an organizing framework. In particular, we first consider how transdiagnostic and RDoC approaches have extended categorical views. Next, we examine links among Emotion generation, Emotion Regulation, and psychopathology, with particular attention to key Emotion Regulation stages including identification, strategy selection, implementation, and monitoring. We then propose that Emotion Regulation be viewed as a sixth domain in the RDoC matrix, and provide a brief overview of how the literature has used the RDoC units of analyses to study Emotion Regulation. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future research and make recommendations for assessing and treating psychopathology.
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the neural bases of Emotion Regulation
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Amit Etkin, Christian Buchel, James J. GrossAbstract:Various brain regions have been implicated in Emotion Regulation, although this process remains poorly understood. In this Opinion article, Etkin and colleagues bring together neuroimaging findings and ideas from value-based decision-making and reinforcement learning to propose a conceptual framework for Emotion Regulation. Emotions are powerful determinants of behaviour, thought and experience, and they may be regulated in various ways. Neuroimaging studies have implicated several brain regions in Emotion Regulation, including the ventral anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, as well as the lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices. Drawing on computational approaches to value-based decision-making and reinforcement learning, we propose a unifying conceptual framework for understanding the neural bases of diverse forms of Emotion Regulation.
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positive interventions an Emotion Regulation perspective
Psychological Bulletin, 2015Co-Authors: Jordi Quoidbach, Moira Mikolajczak, James J. GrossAbstract:The rapid growth of the literature on positive interventions to increase “happiness” has suggested the need for an overarching conceptual framework to integrate the many and apparently disparate findings. In this review, we used the process model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998) to organize the existing literature on positive interventions and to advance theory by clarifying the mechanisms underlying their effectiveness. We have proposed that positive Emotions can be increased both in the short- and longer-term through 5 families of Emotion Regulation strategies (i.e., situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation), showing how these Emotion Regulation strategies can be applied before, during, and after positive Emotional events. Regarding short-term increases in positive Emotions, our review found that attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation strategies have received the most empirical support, whereas more work is needed to establish the effectiveness of situation selection and situation modification strategies. Regarding longer-term increases in positive Emotions, strategies such as situation selection during an event and attentional deployment before, during, and after an event have received strong empirical support and are at the center of many positive interventions. However, more work is needed to establish the specific benefits of the other strategies, especially situation modification. We argue that our Emotion Regulation framework clarifies existing interventions and points the way for new interventions that might be used to increase positive Emotions in both nonclinical and clinical populations.
Bryon Adinoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neural circuitry of impaired Emotion Regulation in substance use disorders
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Claire E Wilcox, Jessica M Pommy, Bryon AdinoffAbstract:Impaired Emotion Regulation contributes to the development and severity of substance use disorders (substance disorders). This review summarizes the literature on alterations in Emotion Regulation neural circuitry in substance disorders, particularly in relation to disorders of negative affect (without substance disorder), and it presents promising areas of future research. Emotion Regulation paradigms during functional magnetic resonance imaging are conceptualized into four dimensions: affect intensity and reactivity, affective modulation, cognitive modulation, and behavioral control. The neural circuitry associated with impaired Emotion Regulation is compared in individuals with and without substance disorders, with a focus on amygdala, insula, and prefrontal cortex activation and their functional and structural connectivity. Hypoactivation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (rACC/vmPFC) is the most consistent finding across studies, dimensions, and clinical populations (individuals with and without substance disorders). The same pattern is evident for regions in the cognitive control network (anterior cingulate and dorsal and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices) during cognitive modulation and behavioral control. These congruent findings are possibly related to attenuated functional and/or structural connectivity between the amygdala and insula and between the rACC/vmPFC and cognitive control network. Although increased amygdala and insula activation is associated with impaired Emotion Regulation in individuals without substance disorders, it is not consistently observed in substance disorders. Emotion Regulation disturbances in substance disorders may therefore stem from impairments in prefrontal functioning, rather than excessive reactivity to Emotional stimuli. Treatments for Emotion Regulation in individuals without substance disorders that normalize prefrontal functioning may offer greater efficacy for substance disorders than treatments that dampen reactivity.
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neural circuitry of impaired Emotion Regulation in substance use disorders
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Claire E Wilcox, Jessica M Pommy, Bryon AdinoffAbstract:Impaired Emotion Regulation contributes to the development and severity of substance use disorders (substance disorders). This review summarizes the literature on alterations in Emotion Regulation neural circuitry in substance disorders, particularly in relation to disorders of negative affect (without substance disorder), and it presents promising areas of future research. Emotion Regulation paradigms during functional magnetic resonance imaging are conceptualized into four dimensions: affect intensity and reactivity, affective modulation, cognitive modulation, and behavioral control. The neural circuitry associated with impaired Emotion Regulation is compared in individuals with and without substance disorders, with a focus on amygdala, insula, and prefrontal cortex activation and their functional and structural connectivity. Hypoactivation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (rACC/vmPFC) is the most consistent finding across studies, dimensions, and clinical populati...
Gal Sheppes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Gal Sheppes, Gaurav Suri, James J. GrossAbstract:Emotional problems figure prominently in many clinical conditions. Recent efforts to explain and treat these conditions have emphasized the role of Emotion dysRegulation. However, Emotional problems are not always the result of Emotion dysRegulation, and even when Emotional problems do arise from Emotion dysRegulation, it is necessary to specify precisely what type of Emotion dysRegulation might be operative. In this review, we present an extended process model of Emotion Regulation, and we use this model to describe key points at which Emotion-Regulation difficulties can lead to various forms of psychopathology. These difficulties are associated with (a) identification of the need to regulate Emotions, (b) selection among available regulatory options, (c) implementation of a selected regulatory tactic, and (d) monitoring of implemented Emotion Regulation across time. Implications and future directions for basic research, assessment, and intervention are discussed.
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Emotion Regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2014Co-Authors: Gal Sheppes, Peter Radu, Susanne Scheibe, Gaurav Suri, Jens Blechert, James J. GrossAbstract:Choice behavior is considered the fundamental means by which individuals exert control over their environments. One important choice domain that remains virtually unexplored is that of Emotion Regulation. This is surprising given that healthy adaptation requires flexibly choosing between Regulation strategies in a manner that is responsive to differing situational demands. In the present article, we provide a broad conceptual framework that systematically evaluates the rules that govern the ways individuals choose between different Emotion Regulation strategies. This conceptual account is buttressed by empirical findings from 6 studies that show the effects of hypothesized Emotional, cognitive, and motivational determinants of Regulation choice (Studies 1-3) and illuminate the mechanisms that underlie choices between different Emotion Regulation strategies (Studies 4-6). Broad implications and future directions are discussed.
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Emotion Regulation choice
Psychological Science, 2011Co-Authors: Gal Sheppes, Susanne Scheibe, Gaurav Suri, James J. GrossAbstract:Despite centuries of speculation about how to manage negative Emotions, little is actually known about which Emotion-Regulation strategies people choose to use when confronted with negative situations of varying intensity. On the basis of a new process conception of Emotion Regulation, we hypothesized that in low-intensity negative situations, people would show a relative preference to choose to regulate Emotions by engagement reappraisal, which allows Emotional processing. However, we expected people in high-intensity negative situations to show a relative preference to choose to regulate Emotions by disengagement distraction, which blocks Emotional processing at an early stage before it gathers force. In three experiments, we created Emotional contexts that varied in intensity, using either Emotional pictures (Experiments 1 and 2) or unpredictable electric stimulation (Experiment 3). In response to these Emotional contexts, participants chose between using either reappraisal or distraction as an Emotion-Regulation strategy. Results in all experiments supported our hypothesis. This pattern in the choice of Emotion-Regulation strategies has important implications for the understanding of healthy adaptation.
Amelia Aldao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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introduction to the special issue Emotion Regulation as a transdiagnostic process
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2016Co-Authors: Amelia AldaoAbstract:In the past 15 years, there has been an exponential growth in the study of affective processes in psychopathology to the point that a new discipline has emerged, clinical affective science. In this respect, the Emotion Regulation framework has begun to be utilized in order identify transdiagnostic and disorder-specific aspects of dysfunction. This Special Issue seeks to advance the work on Emotion Regulation as a transdiagnostic factor by presenting 12 empirical articles that include the latest, most cutting edge research on Emotion Regulation across mental disorders. The commentary, written by James Gross and his colleagues, outlines crucial future directions for transdiagnostic work on Emotion Regulation and, more broadly, for the growth of clinical affective science.
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broadening the scope of research on Emotion Regulation strategies and psychopathology
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Amelia Aldao, Katherine L DixongordonAbstract:Despite the increasing interest in the study of Emotion Regulation strategies and psychopathology, researchers have predominantly focused on covert Emotion Regulation strategies—that is, those strategies that occur within the individual (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, suppression). Conversely, less attention has been devoted to the examination of the relationship between psychopathology and overt Emotion Regulation strategies (e.g., drinking alcohol, seeking advice). This has resulted in a limited understanding of the complex repertoire of Emotion Regulation strategies that individuals possess, and how patterns in the use of strategies might relate to psychopathology. We asked 218 undergraduates to report on their habitual use of 15 covert and overt Emotion Regulation strategies and symptoms of seven different mental disorders. Overt strategies were associated with symptoms and, at times, they predicted psychopathology above and beyond the more frequently studied covert strategies. These findings have impli...
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the future of Emotion Regulation research capturing context
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2013Co-Authors: Amelia AldaoAbstract:Emotion Regulation has been conceptualized as a process by which individuals modify their Emotional experiences, expressions, and physiology and the situations eliciting such Emotions in order to produce appropriate responses to the ever-changing demands posed by the environment. Thus, context plays a central role in Emotion Regulation. This is particularly relevant to the work on Emotion Regulation in psychopathology, because psychological disorders are characterized by rigid responses to the environment. However, this recognition of the importance of context has appeared primarily in the theoretical realm, with the empirical work lagging behind. In this review, the author proposes an approach to systematically evaluate the contextual factors shaping Emotion Regulation. Such an approach consists of specifying the components that characterize Emotion Regulation and then systematically evaluating deviations within each of these components and their underlying dimensions. Initial guidelines for how to combi...
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Specificity of cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies: A transdiagnostic examination
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2010Co-Authors: Amelia Aldao, Susan Nolen-hoeksemaAbstract:Despite growing interest in the role of regulatory processes in clinical disorders, it is not clear whether certain cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies play a more central role in psychopathology than others. Similarly, little is known about whether these strategies have effects transdiagnostically. We examined the relationship between four cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (rumination, thought suppression, reappraisal, and problem-solving) and symptoms of three psychopathologies (depression, anxiety, and eating disorders) in an undergraduate sample (N = 252). Maladaptive strategies (rumination, suppression), compared to adaptive strategies (reappraisal, problem-solving), were more strongly associated with psychopathology and loaded more highly on a latent factor of cognitive Emotion Regulation. In addition, this latent factor of cognitive Emotion Regulation was significantly associated with symptoms of all three disorders. Overall, these results suggest that the use of maladaptive strategies might play a more central role in psychopathology than the non-use of adaptive strategies and provide support of a transdiagnostic view of cognitive Emotion Regulation.
Andrew W Rothenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving child Emotion Regulation effects of parent child interaction therapy and Emotion socialization strategies
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2019Co-Authors: Andrew W Rothenberg, Allison Weinstein, Erin Dandes, Jason F JentAbstract:Emotion Regulation is a mechanism that, when targeted in treatment, can ameliorate heterogeneous psychopathology across ontogeny. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is one evidence-based intervention hypothesized to improve child Emotion Regulation. Building on this hypothesis, the present study examined three objectives. First, it examined whether child behavior improvement or parent positive parenting skill use during PCIT predicted improvements in post-treatment child Emotion Regulation. Second, it measured whether these associations persisted after controlling for baseline child Emotion Regulation, as well as positive and negative parent Emotion socialization strategies. Third, it evaluated whether positive parenting skill use and child behavior improvement mediated associations between pre- and post-treatment child Emotion Regulation. PCIT participants were 86 2–8 year-olds and their caregivers. Child behavior improvement during PCIT (β = −0.65, p < 0.01) and positive pre-treatment parent Emotion socialization strategies (β = −0.33, p = 0.05) were associated with improvements in post-treatment child Emotion Regulation. Additionally, improvements in child behavior during PCIT (β = −0.29, p < 0.01) but not mid-treatment positive parenting skill use (β = 0.00, p = 0.98) mediated the association between pre- and post-treatment Emotion Regulation. For children with clinically-elevated Emotion Regulation scores pre-treatment, over 80% of such scores fell to the normative range post-treatment. These preliminary results indicate PCIT may be effective in improving children’s Emotion Regulation, such effectiveness may persist even when treatment coincides with parent negative Emotion socialization strategy use, and such effectiveness appears attributable to child behavior improvements over treatment. Additionally, parent positive Emotion socialization strategies appear to be promising targets for future interventions.