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Richard M Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a two factor model of Ethnic Identity exploration implications for Identity coherence and well being
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Moin Syed, Adriana J Umanataylor, Seth J. Schwartz, Brian E Armenta, Byron L Zamboanga, Richard M Lee, Lovey H M Walker, Quelam HuynhAbstract:The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the multidimensional nature of Ethnic Identity exploration and its relevance for a broader sense of Identity and well-being. Participants were 3,637 Ethnic minority college students who completed survey measures of Ethnic Identity exploration, general Identity coherence, general Identity confusion, and well-being. Consistent with our 3 hypotheses, the results indicated that (a) Ethnic Identity exploration comprised 2 dimensions, participation and search; (b) participation was positively associated with well-being, whereas search was negatively associated with well-being; and (c) Identity coherence and Identity confusion mediated the associations between participation and search, respectively, and well-being. These findings have important theoretical implications for conceptualization and measurement of Ethnic Identity exploration and its association with well-being.
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Ethnic Identity and approach type coping as moderators of the racial discrimination well being relation in asian americans
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Hyung Chol Yoo, Richard M LeeAbstract:Ethnic Identity, in combination with approach-type coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, cognitive restructuring, and problem solving), was hypothesized to moderate the effects of perceived racial discrimination on the well-being of Asian American college students. Results found that individuals with a strong Ethnic Identity were more likely to engage in approach-type coping strategies, but the use of cognitive restructuring and problem solving coping buffered the effects of racial discrimination on well-being only when racial discrimination was low. These results are contrary to the current literature and suggest Ethnic Identity and approach-type coping strategies may not always protect against discrimination for Asian Americans.
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resilience against discrimination Ethnic Identity and other group orientation as protective factors for korean americans
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Richard M LeeAbstract:This study investigated the resilience of 84 Korean American college students in the context of perceived Ethnic discrimination. Two cultural resources, multidimensional Ethnic Identity and other-group orientation, were hypothesized as protective factors that moderate the negative effects of discrimination. Only 1 aspect of Ethnic Identity was found to have a moderation effect. Specifically, Ethnic Identity pride operated as a protective-reactive factor that moderated the effects of discrimination on depressive symptoms and social connectedness but not on self-esteem. Ethnic Identity pride and perceived discrimination had first-order effects on self-esteem.
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structure and measurement of Ethnic Identity for asian american college students
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Richard M Lee, Hyung Chol YooAbstract:The authors investigated the structure and measurement of Ethnic Identity using the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; J. S. Phinney, 1992) on a diverse sample of Asian American college students. The authors drew upon 3 previously published datasets to examine the factor structure of the MEIM, initial reliability and construct validity, demographic group differences, and concurrent validity with psychological well-being. The authors identified a 3-factor structure of the MEIM composed of Cognitive Clarity, Affective Pride, and Behavioral Engagement, and these 3 Ethnic Identity subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability and construct validity with some initial evidence for differential concurrent validity on 2 measures of well-being.
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do Ethnic Identity and other group orientation protect against discrimination for asian americans
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Richard M LeeAbstract:Ethnic Identity and other-group orientation were examined as possible moderators and mediators on the effects of personal Ethnic discrimination and minority group discrimination in 2 studies of Asian Americans. Results demonstrated that discrimination, particularly when directed personally at an individual, correlated negatively with psychological well-being and correlated positively with distress. Ethnic Identity and other-group orientation, however, correlated positively with psychological well-being. Contrary to the main hypothesis, Ethnic Identity did not moderate or mediate the effects of discrimination, although other-group orientation demonstrated a moderator effect on community well-being. More research on Ethnic Identity and other-group orientation as protective factors that enable Asian Americans to be resilient against discrimination is necessary to clarify the findings from these studies.
Adriana J Umanataylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do dimensions of Ethnic Identity mediate the association between perceived Ethnic group discrimination and depressive symptoms
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Aerika S Brittian, Adriana J Umanataylor, Seth J. Schwartz, Brian E Armenta, Ian K Villalta, Byron L Zamboanga, Robert S Weisskirch, Linda P Juang, Linda G Castillo, Monika HudsonAbstract:Ethnic group discrimination represents a notable risk factor that may contribute to mental health problems among Ethnic minority college students. However, cultural resources (e.g., Ethnic Identity) may promote psychological adjustment in the context of group-based discriminatory experiences. In the current study, we examined the associations between perceptions of Ethnic group discrimination and depressive symptoms, and explored dimensions of Ethnic Identity (i.e., exploration, resolution, and affirmation) as mediators of this process among 2,315 Ethnic minority college students (age 18 to 30 years; 37% Black, 63% Latino). Results indicated that perceived Ethnic group discrimination was associated positively with depressive symptoms among students from both Ethnic groups. The relationship between perceived Ethnic group discrimination and depressive symptoms was mediated by Ethnic Identity affirmation for Latino students, but not for Black students. Ethnic Identity resolution was negatively and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through Ethnic Identity affirmation for both Black and Latino students. Implications for promoting Ethnic minority college students’ mental health and directions for future research are discussed.
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a two factor model of Ethnic Identity exploration implications for Identity coherence and well being
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Moin Syed, Adriana J Umanataylor, Seth J. Schwartz, Brian E Armenta, Byron L Zamboanga, Richard M Lee, Lovey H M Walker, Quelam HuynhAbstract:The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the multidimensional nature of Ethnic Identity exploration and its relevance for a broader sense of Identity and well-being. Participants were 3,637 Ethnic minority college students who completed survey measures of Ethnic Identity exploration, general Identity coherence, general Identity confusion, and well-being. Consistent with our 3 hypotheses, the results indicated that (a) Ethnic Identity exploration comprised 2 dimensions, participation and search; (b) participation was positively associated with well-being, whereas search was negatively associated with well-being; and (c) Identity coherence and Identity confusion mediated the associations between participation and search, respectively, and well-being. These findings have important theoretical implications for conceptualization and measurement of Ethnic Identity exploration and its association with well-being.
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an examination of biracial college youths family Ethnic socialization Ethnic Identity and adjustment do self identification labels and university context matter
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Aerika S Brittian, Adriana J Umanataylor, Chelsea L DerlanAbstract:This study examined family Ethnic socialization, Ethnic Identity, and adjustment among Latino/ White and Asian/White biracial college students (n = 507), with special attention to how Ethnic self-identification and university Ethnic composition informed the Ethnic Identity process. Findings indicated that family Ethnic socialization was positively related to participants’ Ethnic Identity exploration and resolution, but not Ethnic Identity affirmation. Furthermore, Ethnic Identity resolution and affirmation were associated with higher self-acceptance and self-esteem, and lower depressive symptoms. Importantly, university Ethnic composition moderated the association between Ethnic Identity resolution and anxiety, such that resolution promoted adjustment in contexts that were relatively more Ethnically diverse. University Ethnic composition also moderated the association between Ethnic Identity affirmation and both self-esteem and selfacceptance, such that affirmation was associated with better adjustment but only in schools that were less Ethnically diverse.
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family Ethnic socialization and Ethnic Identity a family driven youth driven or reciprocal process
Journal of Family Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Adriana J Umanataylor, Katharine H Zeiders, Kimberly A UpdegraffAbstract:The current study examined the longitudinal associations between family Ethnic socialization and youths’ Ethnic Identity among a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 178, Mage = 18.17, SD = .46). Findings from multiple-group cross lagged panel models over a two year period indicated that for U.S.-born youth with immigrant parents, the process appeared to be family-driven: Youths’ perceptions of family Ethnic socialization in late adolescence were associated with significantly greater Ethnic Identity exploration and resolution in emerging adulthood, while youths’ Ethnic Identity during late adolescence did not significantly predict youths’ future perceptions of family Ethnic socialization. Conversely, for U.S.-born youth with U.S. born parents, youths’ Ethnic Identity significantly predicted their future perceptions of family Ethnic socialization but perceptions of family Ethnic socialization did not predict future levels of youths’ Ethnic Identity, suggesting a youth-driven process. Findings were consistent for males and females.
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a longitudinal examination of parenting behaviors and perceived discrimination predicting latino adolescents Ethnic Identity
Developmental Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Adriana J Umanataylor, Amy B GuimondAbstract:Characteristics of the familial and societal context were examined as predictors of Latino adolescents’ (N 323; 49.5% female) Ethnic Identity. Consistent with previous work, familial Ethnic socialization significantly predicted future levels of Ethnic Identity exploration, resolution, and affirmation for both male adolescents and female adolescents, although the association was significantly stronger for female adolescents than male adolescents for exploration and resolution. Furthermore, for male adolescents, higher levels of familial Ethnic socialization were significantly associated with a faster rate of growth for Ethnic Identity resolution. In addition, paternal warmth–support emerged as a significant longitudinal predictor of male adolescents’, but not female adolescents’, Ethnic Identity exploration. Finally, perceived discrimination was significantly associated with male adolescents’, but not female adolescents’, Ethnic Identity exploration and affirmation. Significant gender differences in the relations of interest highlight the need to consider variability in the process of Ethnic Identity formation by gender.
Hyung Chol Yoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethnic Identity and approach type coping as moderators of the racial discrimination well being relation in asian americans
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Hyung Chol Yoo, Richard M LeeAbstract:Ethnic Identity, in combination with approach-type coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, cognitive restructuring, and problem solving), was hypothesized to moderate the effects of perceived racial discrimination on the well-being of Asian American college students. Results found that individuals with a strong Ethnic Identity were more likely to engage in approach-type coping strategies, but the use of cognitive restructuring and problem solving coping buffered the effects of racial discrimination on well-being only when racial discrimination was low. These results are contrary to the current literature and suggest Ethnic Identity and approach-type coping strategies may not always protect against discrimination for Asian Americans.
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structure and measurement of Ethnic Identity for asian american college students
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Richard M Lee, Hyung Chol YooAbstract:The authors investigated the structure and measurement of Ethnic Identity using the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; J. S. Phinney, 1992) on a diverse sample of Asian American college students. The authors drew upon 3 previously published datasets to examine the factor structure of the MEIM, initial reliability and construct validity, demographic group differences, and concurrent validity with psychological well-being. The authors identified a 3-factor structure of the MEIM composed of Cognitive Clarity, Affective Pride, and Behavioral Engagement, and these 3 Ethnic Identity subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability and construct validity with some initial evidence for differential concurrent validity on 2 measures of well-being.
Jean S Phinney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conceptualization and measurement of Ethnic Identity current status and future directions
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Jean S Phinney, Anthony D OngAbstract:In this article, the authors examine the conceptualization and measurement of Ethnic Identity as a multidimensional, dynamic construct that develops over time through a process of exploration and commitment. The authors discuss the components of Ethnic Identity that have been studied and the theoretical background for a developmental model of Ethnic Identity. The authors review research on the measurement of Ethnic Identity using the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (J. Phinney, 1992) and present a revised version of the measure. The authors conclude with a consideration of the measurement issues raised by J. E. Helms (2007) and K. Cokley (2007) and suggestions for future research on Ethnic Identity. Ethnic Identity is many faceted. This is made clear in the special issue of which this article is a part. But recognizing that Ethnic Identity has many facets is merely a start to understanding it. Ethnic Identity derives from a sense of peoplehood within a group, a culture, and a particular setting. Yet Ethnic Identity is not merely knowledge and understanding of one's ingroup affiliations, even as such insights and comprehension are part of it. The achievement of a secure Ethnic Identity derives from experience, but experience is not sufficient to produce it. Because one's Ethnic Identity is con- structed over time, the actions and choices of individuals are essential to the process. Ethnic Identity is distinct in some ways from other group identities, such as racial Identity, but it also shares aspects of both personal and group identities. Our purpose in this article was to examine the conceptualization and measurement of Ethnic Identity from social psychological and developmental perspectives. We first review the various dimen- sions of Ethnic Identity that have been proposed in the literature. We then discuss the theoretical and empirical basis for understand- ing Ethnic Identity as a developmental process. We review research on the measurement of Ethnic Identity based on the widely used Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM, Phinney, 1992; Rob- erts et al., 1999), discuss recent measurement research that has led to a revision of the MEIM, and present a revised version of the MEIM. We conclude with a discussion of issues that might be profitably considered in future Ethnic Identity research, with a consideration of the ideas and recommendations offered by Helms (2007) and Cokley (2007). In keeping with the focus of the special issue, we discuss Ethnic Identity with reference to Ethnic minorities in the United States.
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the role of language parents and peers in Ethnic Identity among adolescents in immigrant families
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2001Co-Authors: Jean S Phinney, Irma Romero, Monica Nava, Dan HuangAbstract:To construct a model of the influences on Ethnic Identity among adolescents in immigrant families, we surveyed adolescents and their parents from 81 Armenian families, 47 Vietnamese families, and 88 Mexican families. Adolescents completed measures of Ethnic language proficiency, in-group peer social interaction, and Ethnic Identity. Parents completed a measure of support for cultural maintenance. Across all groups, Ethnic language proficiency and in-group peer interaction predicted Ethnic Identity, and parental cultural maintenance predicted adolescent Ethnic language proficiency. However, because of differences among the groups, a separate model was required for each Ethnic group. The results suggest both common processes and group differences in the factors that influence Ethnic Identity.
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the structure of Ethnic Identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups
Journal of Early Adolescence, 1999Co-Authors: Robert E Roberts, Jean S Phinney, Louise C Masse, Richard Y Chen, Catherine Ramsay Roberts, Andrea J RomeroAbstract:The purpose for this study was to examine the structure and construct validity of a measure of Ethnic Identity among young adolescents from diverse Ethnic groups. Students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grades (N = 5,423) from diverse Ethnic groups completed the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), measures of psychological well-being and a measure of salience of Ethnicity. Factor analyses of data for the three largest Ethnic groups (European American, African American, Mexican American) yielded a two-factor structure that corresponded to two theoretical approaches to Ethnic Identity, as hypothesized. Similar patterns in magnitude of loadings were observed across groups, indicating that the MEIM could be used as a global composite index of Ethnic Identity. Ethnic Identity was related positively to measures of psychological well-being such as coping ability, mastery, self-esteem and optimism, and negatively to measures of loneliness and depression. MEIM scores also were moderately strong and positive ...
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the multigroup Ethnic Identity measure a new scale for use with diverse groups
Journal of Adolescent Research, 1992Co-Authors: Jean S PhinneyAbstract:Ethnic Identity is an important component of the self-concept and, like other aspects of Identity, can be particularly salient during adolescence. Most research on Ethnic Identity has focused on th...
Moin Syed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a two factor model of Ethnic Identity exploration implications for Identity coherence and well being
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Moin Syed, Adriana J Umanataylor, Seth J. Schwartz, Brian E Armenta, Byron L Zamboanga, Richard M Lee, Lovey H M Walker, Quelam HuynhAbstract:The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the multidimensional nature of Ethnic Identity exploration and its relevance for a broader sense of Identity and well-being. Participants were 3,637 Ethnic minority college students who completed survey measures of Ethnic Identity exploration, general Identity coherence, general Identity confusion, and well-being. Consistent with our 3 hypotheses, the results indicated that (a) Ethnic Identity exploration comprised 2 dimensions, participation and search; (b) participation was positively associated with well-being, whereas search was negatively associated with well-being; and (c) Identity coherence and Identity confusion mediated the associations between participation and search, respectively, and well-being. These findings have important theoretical implications for conceptualization and measurement of Ethnic Identity exploration and its association with well-being.
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family cultural socialization practices and Ethnic Identity in college going emerging adults
Journal of Adolescence, 2010Co-Authors: Linda P Juang, Moin SyedAbstract:We examined how family cultural socialization related to the Ethnic Identity of Asian American, Latino, White, and Mixed-Ethnic emerging adults (N ¼ 225). Greater family cultural socialization was related to greater Ethnic Identity exploration and commitment. Ethnic minority students reported higher levels of family cultural socialization and Ethnic Identity compared to White students. The family cultural socialization-Ethnic Identity link was more pronounced for females compared to males, and for White compared to Ethnic minority students. The findings highlight the importance of the family for Identity development beyond adolescence. 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents.
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narrative and Ethnic Identity exploration a longitudinal account of emerging adults Ethnicity related experiences
Developmental Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Moin Syed, Margarita AzmitiaAbstract:The purpose in this longitudinal study was to investigate further the link between Ethnic Identity processes and content through an examination of emerging adults' narratives of Ethnicity-related experiences. Seventy Ethnically diverse college students completed an Ethnic Identity exploration index and told an Ethnicity-related narrative on 2 occasions 18 months apart. Results indicated that (a) participants who increased in exploration over time were more likely to change their narrative theme than participants who decreased or remained stable in exploration and (b) these changes were more likely to be to stories of experience of prejudice or connection to culture. This study highlights the costs and benefits of Ethnic Identity and provides evidence for a linkage between Ethnic Identity process and content in emerging adulthood.
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a narrative approach to Ethnic Identity in emerging adulthood bringing life to the Identity status model
Developmental Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Moin Syed, Margarita AzmitiaAbstract:This study used a narrative approach to understand how emerging adults experience Ethnicity in their everyday lives and to link Ethnic Identity processes with the content of how Ethnic Identity is experienced. Participants were 191 Ethnically diverse emerging adults who completed the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) and provided a written narrative about a time at which they became aware of their Ethnicity. Participants' narratives differed significantly by Ethnic group and by Ethnic Identity status membership, as indexed by the MEIM. The results underscore the value of adopting a narrative approach to understanding the content of Ethnic Identity and the links between content and Ethnic Identity development processes.