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Ryosuke O Suzuki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-speed galvanostatic anodizing without oxide burning using a nanodimpled aluminum surface for nanoporous alumina fabrication
Applied Surface Science, 2021Co-Authors: Mana Iwai, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Rapid formation of a porous alumina film without oxide burning was achieved by anodizing in Etidronic Acid at large current densities using a nanodimpled aluminum surface. After the electropolished aluminum specimens were galvanostatically anodized in a 0.3 M Etidronic Acid solution at 293 K, a uniform porous alumina film without oxide burning was formed at relatively low current densities of up to 20 Am−2. After the first anodizing process, an array of dimples was fabricated on the aluminum surface by oxide film removal in a chromic Acid/phosphoric Acid solution. After the nanostructured aluminum specimen was galvanostatically anodized once again under the same conditions, the possible applied current density without burning increased with the size of the nanodimples, and the current density during the high-speed anodizing process of the dimpled aluminum specimen increased by five times. Many pores grew on the whole surface of the aluminum dimples from the initial anodizing stage; then, pores that grew from the bottom of the dimples survived the anodizing process, and a clear porous alumina film was formed as the voltage reached the maximum value.
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Electrochemical and morphological characterization of porous alumina formed by galvanostatic anodizing in Etidronic Acid
Electrochimica Acta, 2019Co-Authors: Mana Iwai, Ryosuke O Suzuki, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Shungo NatsuiAbstract:Abstract Electrochemical and morphological characterization of the porous alumina formed by galvanostatic anodizing in Etidronic Acid under various operating conditions was performed. High-purity aluminum plates were anodized in 0.03–3 M Etidronic Acid solutions at 273–333 K and 0.25–500 Am−2 for up to 24 h. Galvanostatic anodizing in Etidronic Acid operated over a wide range voltage measuring from a few V to 246 V. The time required for the steady growth of porous alumina not only depends on the current density but also the temperature and the concentration of the electrolyte solution during galvanostatic anodizing. The average, maximum, and minimum cell sizes of the porous alumina were directly proportional to the anodizing voltage with a proportionality constant of 2.5, 3.5 and 0.7, respectively, and were independent of other parameters. The number density of the cell was also a function of the anodizing voltage and agreed with the theoretical value obtained for ordered porous alumina with an ideal honeycomb distribution. The maximum voltage measured during galvanostatic anodizing was linearly proportional to the plateau voltage with a proportionality constant of 1.4.
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Fabrication of ordered submicrometer-scale convex lens array via nanoimprint lithography using an anodized aluminum mold
Microelectronic Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Kawahara, Shungo Natsui, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract The fabrication of submicrometer-scale ordered convex lens array was demonstrated through nanoimprint lithography using an aluminum dimple array mold fabricated by Etidronic Acid anodizing and selective oxide dissolution. Highly-pure aluminum plates were anodized in a 0.2 M Etidronic Acid solution at 260 V for the formation of ordered porous alumina. The anodized specimens were immersed in a 0.2 M CrO3/0.51 M H3PO4 solution to dissolve the porous alumina, and an ordered dimple array measuring approximately 670 nm in dimple diameter was obtained on the aluminum surface. Phosphonic Acid-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were coated on the aluminum dimple array as a release agent for nanoimprint lithography. The shape of the aluminum dimple array mold was transferred to a UV curable photopolymer by nanoimprint lithography. An ordered convex lens array, which corresponded to the negative shape of the dimple array, was successfully obtained by the removal of curable polymer. However, the polymer surface was contaminated with phosphonate molecules due to the multilayered phosphonate films being formed on the aluminum mold. This contamination can be avoided by ultrasonication of the aluminum mold before nanoimprint lithography.
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Advanced hard anodic alumina coatings via Etidronic Acid anodizing
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Tatsuya Kikuchi, Shungo Natsui, Akimasa Takenaga, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Advanced hard anodic alumina coatings measuring Hv = 610–769 on the Vickers hardness scale were obtained on an aluminum surface via aluminum anodizing using a new electrolyte, Etidronic Acid. The ordered porous alumina was fabricated by two-step Etidronic Acid anodizing at 260 V under self-ordering conditions, and pore-widening was carried out to control the porosity of the porous alumina. The Vickers hardness of the ordered porous alumina increased with decreasing diameter of the pores and porosity. Aluminum specimens were also anodized by the constant-current method under various concentrations, temperatures, and current densities. The Vickers hardness increased with decreasing concentration and temperature because chemical dissolution of the anodic oxide during anodizing was suppressed. A hard porous alumina measuring Hv = 610 was obtained by anodizing in a 0.05 M Etidronic Acid solution at 278 K and 5 Am − 2 . Subsequent thermal treatment caused the dehydration and corresponding hardening of the porous alumina, and a higher porous alumina hardness of Hv = 769 was successfully achieved by thermal treatment at 873 K for 12 h.
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exploration for the self ordering of porous alumina fabricated via anodizing in Etidronic Acid
Electrochimica Acta, 2016Co-Authors: Akimasa Takenaga, Shungo Natsui, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Ordered porous alumina (OPA) with large-scale circular and hexagonal pores was fabricated via Etidronic Acid anodizing. High-purity aluminum plates were anodized in 0.2–4.2 M Etidronic Acid solution at 145–310 V and 288–323 K. Self-ordering of porous alumina was observed at 165 V and 313 K in 4.2 M, at 205 V and 303 K in 1.0 M, and at 260 V and 298 K in 0.2 M, and the cell diameter was measured to be 400–640 nm. The ordering potential difference decreased with the electrolyte concentration increasing. OPA without an intercrossing nanostructure could be fabricated on a nanostructured aluminum surface via two-step anodizing. Subsequent pore-widening in Etidronic Acid solution caused the circular dissolution of anodic oxide and the expansion of pore diameters to 470 nm. The shape of the pores was subsequently changed to a hexagon from a circle via long-term pore-widening, and a honeycomb structure with narrow alumina walls and hexagonal pores measuring 590 nm in its long-axis was formed in the porous alumina. Transition of the nanostructure configuration during pore-widening corresponded to differences in the incorporated phosphorus distribution originating from the Etidronic Acid anions.
Jouko Vepsäläinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The selective stepwise chemical hydrolysis of alkylcarbonate groups from novel mixed alkylcarbonate trialkyl ester derivatives of Etidronic Acid
RSC Advances, 2013Co-Authors: Petri A. Turhanen, Janne Weisell, Jouko VepsäläinenAbstract:The chemical hydrolysis behaviour for Etidronic Acid trialkyl alkylcarbonate derivatives (3a–d) has been studied. Selective quantitative degradation of alkylcarbonate groups from the phosphorus end over the hydrolysis of an alkylcarbonate group in a tertiary hydroxyl group of Etidronic Acid has been reported. Further selective hydrolysis of the alkoxycarbonyl group from the tertiary hydroxyl group over the hydrolysis of ester groups was observed and this represented a novel method to the synthesis of trialkyl esters of Etidronic Acid (4c,d) with very reasonable 38% (4c) and 43% (4d) overall yields.
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Preparation of mixed trialkyl alkylcarbonate derivatives of Etidronic Acid via an unusual route.
Beilstein journal of organic chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Petri A. Turhanen, Janne Weisell, Jouko VepsäläinenAbstract:A method to prepare four (3a-d) trialkyl alkylcarbonate esters of etidronate from P,P'-dimethyl etidronate and alkyl chloroformate was developed by utilizing unexpected demethylation and decarboxylation reactions. The reaction with the sterically more hindered isobutyl chloroformate at a lower temperature (90 °C) produced the P,P'-diester (2) as a stable intermediate product. A possible reaction mechanism is discussed to explain these methyl substitutions. These unusual reactions also clarify why it is difficult to prepare alkylcarbonate prodrugs from bisphosphonates. The compounds prepared were analysed by spectroscopic techniques.
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Synthesis of Novel Fatty Acid Derivatives of Etidronic Acid
Synthesis, 2005Co-Authors: Petri A. Turhanen, Jouko VepsäläinenAbstract:Abstract: Synthesis of (1-acyloxyethylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonicAcids, where the acyl group is decanoyl ( 1a ), lauroyl ( 1b ), palmitoyl( 1c ), stearoyl ( 1d ) or oleoyl ( 1e ) have been described. Preparationof (1-oleoyloxyethylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonic Acid tetramethyl es-ter ( 2 ) and its P , P ¢-dimethyl ester (disodium salt 3 and Acid form 4 )in multigram scale has also been reported. Solubility of 1e in organ-ic solvents and water was tested. Key words: bisphosphonate, etidronate, fatty Acids, synthesis, pro-drug Bisphosphonates (BPs) are analogs of naturally occurringpyrophosphate and are used as drugs for the treatment ofvarious bone diseases, like osteoporosis. 1 Etidronate, (1-hydroxyethylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonic Acid (HEBPA) di-sodium salt is one example of a BP compound (Figure 1).BPs have been used for decades as drugs for the treatmentof various bone diseases, but recently these compoundswere found to be active in many other fields, like parasiticdiseases 2 and atherosclerosis.
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Strategies for the Preparation of (1-Acetyloxyethylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonic Acid Derivatives
Synthesis, 2004Co-Authors: Petri A. Turhanen, Jouko VepsäläinenAbstract:The novel strategies for the synthesis of acetylated Etidronic Acid derivatives were investigated. (1-Acetyloxyethylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonic Acid and its P,P'-dimethyl, trimethyl and tetramethyl esters were prepared in high 81-100% yields.
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Bisphosphonate prodrugs: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of alkyl and acyloxymethyl esters of Etidronic Acid as bioreversible prodrugs of etidronate.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Riku Niemi, Petri A. Turhanen, Jouko Vepsäläinen, Hannu Taipale, Tomi JärvinenAbstract:Abstract The synthesis and preliminary evaluation of novel alkyl and acyloxymethyl esters of Etidronic Acid as etidronate prodrugs is reported. Tetramethyl ester of Etidronic Acid was found be isomerized at pH 7.4 and P–C–P bridge was rearranged to P–C–O–P. This unwanted process was prevented via acylation of the bridging carbon’s alcohol group. Acylation showed to be stable if one or more phosphonic OH– groups were substituted. However, when none of the phosphonic OH– groups were substituted, the acylation was chemically hydrolysed and the parent drug was released. This finding was successfully applied in the design of tetrapivaloyloxymethyl ester of acetylated Etidronic Acid which released Etidronic Acid via enzymatic (first step) and chemical (second step) hydrolysis in liver homogenate. However, the corresponding tri-substituted pivaloyloxymethyl ester having adequate water-solubility and lipophilicity (log Papp 0.6 at pH 7.4), is probably the most potential prodrug candidate reported to enhance the oral bioavailability of etidronate.
João Rocha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interconvertable modular framework and layered lanthanide(III)-Etidronic Acid coordination polymers.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2007Co-Authors: Fa-nian Shi, Luís Cunha-silva, R. A. Sá Ferreira, Luís Mafra, Tito Trindade, Luís D. Carlos, F. A. Almeida Paz, João RochaAbstract:Isostructural modular microporous Na2[Y(hedp)(H2O)0.67] and Na4[Ln2(hedp)2(H2O)2]·nH2O (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er) framework-type, and layered orthorhombic [Eu(H2hedp)(H2O)2]·H2O and Na0.9[Nd0.9Ge0.10(Hhedp)(H2O)2], monoclinic [Ln(H2hedp)(H2O)]·3H2O (Ln = Y, Tb), and triclinic [Yb(H2hedp)]·H2O coordination polymers based on Etidronic Acid (H5hedp) have been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized structurally by (among others) single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR. The structure of the framework materials comprises eight-membered ring channels filled with Na+ and both free and lanthanide-coordinated water molecules, which are removed reversibly by calcination at 300 °C (structural integrity is preserved up to ca. 475 °C), denoting a clear zeolite-type behavior. Interesting photoluminescence properties, sensitive to the hydration degree, are reported for Na4[Eu2(hedp)2(H2O)2]·H2O and its fully dehydrated form. The 3D framework and layered materials are, to a cer...
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Crystal Structure, Solid-State NMR Spectroscopic and Photoluminescence Studies of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials (HL)6[Ge6(OH)6(hedp)6]·2(L)·H2O, L = hqn or phen (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 23/2006)
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Luís Mafra, Fa-nian Shi, Tito Trindade, Luís D. Carlos, Filipe E. Almeida Paz, Rute A. S. Ferreira, Christian Fernandez, Jacek Klinowski, João RochaAbstract:The cover picture shows the three-dimensional supramolecular arrangement of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) residues in compound (Hphen)6[Ge6(OH)6(hedp)6]·2(phen)·20H2O (where H4hedp stands for Etidronic Acid). Protonated organic residues, Hphen+, π-π-stack along the [101] direction of the unit cell, which leads to the formation of columns that are interconnected through a series of weak C–H···π interactions with neighbouring 1,10-phenanthrolines. The resulting organic framework is highly porous and contains charge-balancing centrosymmetric hexameric anionic [Ge6(ν2-OH)6(C2H4O7P2)6]6– moieties within the channels and a large number of highly disordered water molecules (total available volume of ca. 2462 A3 per unit cell). Details are discussed in the article by J. Rocha et al. on p. 4741 ff.
Tatsuya Kikuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-speed galvanostatic anodizing without oxide burning using a nanodimpled aluminum surface for nanoporous alumina fabrication
Applied Surface Science, 2021Co-Authors: Mana Iwai, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Rapid formation of a porous alumina film without oxide burning was achieved by anodizing in Etidronic Acid at large current densities using a nanodimpled aluminum surface. After the electropolished aluminum specimens were galvanostatically anodized in a 0.3 M Etidronic Acid solution at 293 K, a uniform porous alumina film without oxide burning was formed at relatively low current densities of up to 20 Am−2. After the first anodizing process, an array of dimples was fabricated on the aluminum surface by oxide film removal in a chromic Acid/phosphoric Acid solution. After the nanostructured aluminum specimen was galvanostatically anodized once again under the same conditions, the possible applied current density without burning increased with the size of the nanodimples, and the current density during the high-speed anodizing process of the dimpled aluminum specimen increased by five times. Many pores grew on the whole surface of the aluminum dimples from the initial anodizing stage; then, pores that grew from the bottom of the dimples survived the anodizing process, and a clear porous alumina film was formed as the voltage reached the maximum value.
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Electrochemical and morphological characterization of porous alumina formed by galvanostatic anodizing in Etidronic Acid
Electrochimica Acta, 2019Co-Authors: Mana Iwai, Ryosuke O Suzuki, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Shungo NatsuiAbstract:Abstract Electrochemical and morphological characterization of the porous alumina formed by galvanostatic anodizing in Etidronic Acid under various operating conditions was performed. High-purity aluminum plates were anodized in 0.03–3 M Etidronic Acid solutions at 273–333 K and 0.25–500 Am−2 for up to 24 h. Galvanostatic anodizing in Etidronic Acid operated over a wide range voltage measuring from a few V to 246 V. The time required for the steady growth of porous alumina not only depends on the current density but also the temperature and the concentration of the electrolyte solution during galvanostatic anodizing. The average, maximum, and minimum cell sizes of the porous alumina were directly proportional to the anodizing voltage with a proportionality constant of 2.5, 3.5 and 0.7, respectively, and were independent of other parameters. The number density of the cell was also a function of the anodizing voltage and agreed with the theoretical value obtained for ordered porous alumina with an ideal honeycomb distribution. The maximum voltage measured during galvanostatic anodizing was linearly proportional to the plateau voltage with a proportionality constant of 1.4.
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Fabrication of ordered submicrometer-scale convex lens array via nanoimprint lithography using an anodized aluminum mold
Microelectronic Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Kai Kawahara, Shungo Natsui, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract The fabrication of submicrometer-scale ordered convex lens array was demonstrated through nanoimprint lithography using an aluminum dimple array mold fabricated by Etidronic Acid anodizing and selective oxide dissolution. Highly-pure aluminum plates were anodized in a 0.2 M Etidronic Acid solution at 260 V for the formation of ordered porous alumina. The anodized specimens were immersed in a 0.2 M CrO3/0.51 M H3PO4 solution to dissolve the porous alumina, and an ordered dimple array measuring approximately 670 nm in dimple diameter was obtained on the aluminum surface. Phosphonic Acid-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were coated on the aluminum dimple array as a release agent for nanoimprint lithography. The shape of the aluminum dimple array mold was transferred to a UV curable photopolymer by nanoimprint lithography. An ordered convex lens array, which corresponded to the negative shape of the dimple array, was successfully obtained by the removal of curable polymer. However, the polymer surface was contaminated with phosphonate molecules due to the multilayered phosphonate films being formed on the aluminum mold. This contamination can be avoided by ultrasonication of the aluminum mold before nanoimprint lithography.
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Advanced hard anodic alumina coatings via Etidronic Acid anodizing
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Tatsuya Kikuchi, Shungo Natsui, Akimasa Takenaga, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Advanced hard anodic alumina coatings measuring Hv = 610–769 on the Vickers hardness scale were obtained on an aluminum surface via aluminum anodizing using a new electrolyte, Etidronic Acid. The ordered porous alumina was fabricated by two-step Etidronic Acid anodizing at 260 V under self-ordering conditions, and pore-widening was carried out to control the porosity of the porous alumina. The Vickers hardness of the ordered porous alumina increased with decreasing diameter of the pores and porosity. Aluminum specimens were also anodized by the constant-current method under various concentrations, temperatures, and current densities. The Vickers hardness increased with decreasing concentration and temperature because chemical dissolution of the anodic oxide during anodizing was suppressed. A hard porous alumina measuring Hv = 610 was obtained by anodizing in a 0.05 M Etidronic Acid solution at 278 K and 5 Am − 2 . Subsequent thermal treatment caused the dehydration and corresponding hardening of the porous alumina, and a higher porous alumina hardness of Hv = 769 was successfully achieved by thermal treatment at 873 K for 12 h.
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exploration for the self ordering of porous alumina fabricated via anodizing in Etidronic Acid
Electrochimica Acta, 2016Co-Authors: Akimasa Takenaga, Shungo Natsui, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Ryosuke O SuzukiAbstract:Abstract Ordered porous alumina (OPA) with large-scale circular and hexagonal pores was fabricated via Etidronic Acid anodizing. High-purity aluminum plates were anodized in 0.2–4.2 M Etidronic Acid solution at 145–310 V and 288–323 K. Self-ordering of porous alumina was observed at 165 V and 313 K in 4.2 M, at 205 V and 303 K in 1.0 M, and at 260 V and 298 K in 0.2 M, and the cell diameter was measured to be 400–640 nm. The ordering potential difference decreased with the electrolyte concentration increasing. OPA without an intercrossing nanostructure could be fabricated on a nanostructured aluminum surface via two-step anodizing. Subsequent pore-widening in Etidronic Acid solution caused the circular dissolution of anodic oxide and the expansion of pore diameters to 470 nm. The shape of the pores was subsequently changed to a hexagon from a circle via long-term pore-widening, and a honeycomb structure with narrow alumina walls and hexagonal pores measuring 590 nm in its long-axis was formed in the porous alumina. Transition of the nanostructure configuration during pore-widening corresponded to differences in the incorporated phosphorus distribution originating from the Etidronic Acid anions.
María Teresa Arias-moliz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A laboratory study of root canal and isthmus disinfection in extracted teeth using various activation methods with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Etidronic Acid.
International endodontic journal, 2020Co-Authors: N. Villalta‐briones, Pilar Baca, Matilde Ruiz-linares, Manuel Bravo, Carmen Solana, B. Aguado‐pérez, María Teresa Arias-molizAbstract:AIM To evaluate in a laboratory setting the antibiofilm activity of several irrigating protocols including conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher, with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Etidronic Acid in infected isthmuses and root canals of extracted human mandibular molar teeth. METHODOLOGY Fifty-six mesial roots of mandibular molars, half of them with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the apical third between the two root canals (type 1), and the other half with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the middle third and one canal in the apical third (type 2), were included. The root canals were contaminated for 7 days with an Enterococcus faecalis suspension. There were three experimental groups plus a control group (n = 7 per type of root canal anatomy). All the root canals, except for the control group that was not treated, were chemomechanically prepared and then assigned to one of the experimental groups according to the final adjunctive procedure: conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation or XP-endo Finisher activation. The irrigating solution used was a combination of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 9% Etidronic Acid, and the final protocols were applied for three cycles of 30 s with a 3 mL volume. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated at each location (root canal and isthmus) and third (cervical, middle and apical) using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (descriptive statistics) and SUDAAN (P-value calculations). RESULTS Root canals had significantly lower biovolume values than the isthmuses (P 0.05). In the cervical and middle thirds, ultrasonic activation was associated with the lowest biovolumes (P 0.05), although the latter were significantly different from the control group (P 0.05) in the isthmuses. CONCLUSIONS In this laboratory study on extracted teeth, the isthmus was more difficult to disinfect than root canals. In the root canals, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher had a greater effectiveness than conventional irrigation. In the isthmuses, no differences were observed between the two activation techniques and conventional irrigation.
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Influence of Smear Layer on the Antimicrobial Activity of a Sodium Hypochlorite/Etidronic Acid Irrigating Solution in Infected Dentin
Journal of endodontics, 2016Co-Authors: Ana Morago, Pilar Baca, Ronald Ordinola-zapata, Matilde Ruiz-linares, Carmen María Ferrer-luque, María Teresa Arias-molizAbstract:Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the smear layer on the antimicrobial activity of a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)/9% Etidronic Acid (HEBP) irrigating solution against bacteria growing inside dentin tubules. Methods Dentin tubules were infected with Enterococcus faecalis by centrifugation. After 5 days of incubation, the smear layer had formed in half of the samples, which were then treated with 2.5% NaOCl either alone or combined with 9% HEBP for 3 minutes. The percentage of dead cells in infected dentinal tubules was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead technique. The smear layer on the surface of the root canal wall was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results of the percentage of dead cells were compared using parametric tests after subjecting data to the normalized Anscombe transformation. The level of significance was P Results In the absence of the smear layer, 2.5% NaOCl alone and combined with 9% HEBP showed high antimicrobial activity without significant differences between the 2. The smear layer reduced the antimicrobial activity of 2.5% NaOCl significantly, whereas the solution with HEBP was not affected. No dentin tubules free of the smear layer were obtained in the 2.5% NaOCl group. In the case of 2.5% NaOCl/9% HEBP, 95.40% ± 3.63% of dentin tubules were cleaned. Conclusions The presence of the smear layer reduced the antimicrobial activity of 2.5% NaOCl. The combination of 2.5% NaOCl/9% HEBP exerted antimicrobial activity that was not reduced by the smear layer.
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Effects of Dentin Debris on the Antimicrobial Properties of Sodium Hypochlorite and Etidronic Acid
Journal of endodontics, 2016Co-Authors: María Teresa Arias-moliz, Ronald Ordinola-zapata, Matilde Ruiz-linares, Carmen María Ferrer-luque, Ana Morago, Pilar BacaAbstract:Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dentin powder on the concentration, pH, and antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone and combined with Etidronic Acid (HEBP). Methods Biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis were grown on the surface of dentin blocks for 5 days and then exposed to 1% and 2.5% NaOCl alone or combined with 9% HEBP for 3 minutes in the absence and presence of dentin powder. The biovolumes of the biofilm were measured using confocal microscopy and the live/dead technique. The available chlorine and pH of the solutions were also measured. Nonparametric tests were used to determine statistical differences ( P Results The presence of dentin powder resulted in a reduction of the free available chlorine and pH in all the irrigating solutions; 1% NaOCl lost its antimicrobial activity completely in the presence of dentin powder. The antimicrobial activity was significantly reduced in the 2.5% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl/HEBP groups, and it was not affected in the 2.5% NaOCl/HEBP group. Conclusions The presence of dentin powder significantly decreased the available chlorine and antimicrobial activity of 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 1% NaOCl/HEBP irrigating solutions. The antimicrobial activity of 2.5% NaOCl/HEBP was not affected by the dentin powder after a 3-minute contact time against E. faecalis biofilms.
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Antimicrobial activity of a sodium hypochlorite/Etidronic Acid irrigant solution.
Journal of endodontics, 2014Co-Authors: María Teresa Arias-moliz, Pilar Baca, Ronald Ordinola-zapata, Matilde Ruiz-linares, Carmen María Ferrer-luqueAbstract:Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)/9% Etidronic Acid (HEBP) irrigant solution on Enterococcus faecalis growing in biofilms and a dentinal tubule infection model. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the solutions 2.5% NaOCl and 9% HEBP alone and associated was evaluated on E. faecalis biofilms grown in the Calgary biofilm model (minimum biofilm eradication concentration highthroughput device). For the dentinal tubule infection test, the percentage of dead cells in E. faecalis‐ infected dentinal tubules treated with the solutions for 10 minutes was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead technique. Available chlorine and pH of the solutions were also measured. Distilled water was used as the control. Nonparametric tests were used to determine statistical differences. Results: The highest viability was found in the distilled water group and the lowest in the NaOCl-treated dentin (P < .05). Both NaOCl solutions killed 100% of the E. faecalis biofilms and showed the highest antimicrobial activity inside dentinal tubules, without statistical differences between the 2 (P < .05). The HEBP isolated solution killed bacteria inside dentinal tubules but did not present any significant effect against E. faecalis biofilms. The incorporation of HEBP to NaOCl did not cause any loss of available chlorine within 60 minutes. Conclusions: HEBP did not interfere with the ability of NaOCl to kill E. faecalis grown in biofilms and inside dentinal tubules. (J Endod 2014;-:1‐4)