The Experts below are selected from a list of 27339 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert D. Enright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Forgiveness therapy in a maximum-security correctional institution: A randomized clinical trial.
Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 2021Co-Authors: Maria Gambaro, Jacqueline Y. Song, Mark Teslik, Mengjiao Song, Mary Cate Komoski, Brooke Wollner, Robert D. EnrightAbstract:OBJECTIVE Forgiveness Therapy is proposed as a novel approach to rehabilitation for men in a maximum-security correctional institution to alleviate psychological compromises. METHOD In a two-tiered study, volunteer participants within a correctional institution (N = 103) were asked to report past experiences of abuse and unjust treatment prior to their first crime and were measured on anger, anxiety, depression, hope and Forgiveness. Twenty four of the most clinically compromised participants were selected from this initial assessment, with pairs first matched on certain characteristics and then randomly assigned to either experimental or control group interventions followed by a cross-over design (N = 9 in each group at the study's end). Experimental participants received 24 weeks of Forgiveness Therapy. Control group participants received 24 weeks of an alternative treatment followed by Forgiveness Therapy. Dependent variables included anger, anxiety, depression, Forgiveness, hope, self-esteem and empathy. RESULTS Ninety percent of 103 participants reported moderate to severe abuse in childhood or adolescence. Data showed an inverse relationship between Forgiveness and anger, anxiety and depression. In the Forgiveness Therapy, anger, anxiety, depression, empathy and Forgiveness were statistically significant favouring both experimental groups. These results remained at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Forgiveness Therapy is shown to be effective for correctional rehabilitation in healing clinical psychological compromise and in promoting positive psychological well-being in men within a maximum-security facility.
-
childhood victimization recent injustice anger and Forgiveness in a sample of imprisoned male offenders
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2019Co-Authors: Tomaž Erzar, Robert D. Enright, Katarina Kompan ErzarAbstract:The links between childhood victimization, subsequent emotional dysregulation, and insufficient coping skills have been repeatedly documented in the scientific literature. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the role of Forgiveness as a coping strategy and relationships between offense-specific hurt, chronic anger, and early victimization. The goals of our study were (a) to explore how offenders cope with recent unjust treatment, and test the links between type of injustice, hurt experienced due to injustice, and use of Forgiveness; (b) to test the links between childhood victimization, hurt, and chronic anger; and (c) to assess the mediating role of chronic anger in relation to hurt and Forgiveness. The results reveal that multiplicity and severity of victimization exposure in the prison sample are positively associated with chronic anger, but not with hurt. The type of injustice affects the level of hurt and Forgiveness, while chronic anger mediates the link between hurt and Forgiveness. To improve coping and promote forgiving, offenders should be helped to identify everyday sources of stress and learn to express vulnerable feelings beneath anger.
-
a Forgiveness intervention for women with fibromyalgia who were abused in childhood a pilot study
Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2014Co-Authors: Yurim Lee, Robert D. EnrightAbstract:This pilot study compared the efficacy of a Forgiveness intervention with a fibromyalgia (FM) health intervention on women with FM who have experienced emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and emotional or physical neglect, in childhood by one of their parents. Eleven women with FM between the ages of 21 and 68 were randomized to the Forgiveness intervention (n = 5) or the FM health intervention (n = 6), and completed the once-weekly individualized program for 24 weeks. The participants completed measures assessing Forgiveness, overall FM health, depression, anger, anxiety, self-esteem, and coping strategies at the pretest, the posttest, and the 12-week follow-up test. They also completed the Forgiveness intervention and FM health intervention final tests at the posttest, which assessed their knowledge on Forgiveness and FM health. The Forgiveness intervention participants had greater improvements in Forgiveness (p < .001) and overall FM health (p = .046) from the pretest to the posttest, and in Forgiveness (p = .018) and state anger (p = .027) from the pretest to the follow-up test than the FM health intervention participants. Moreover, the Forgiveness intervention participants scored higher on the Forgiveness final test than the FM health intervention participants (p < .001), and the FM health intervention participants scored higher on the FM health final test than the Forgiveness intervention participants (p < .001). The results indicate that the Forgiveness intervention was potentially helpful in improving Forgiveness and overall FM health, and in decreasing state anger of this particular sample of women with FM.
-
a Forgiveness intervention for taiwanese young adults with insecure attachment
Contemporary Family Therapy, 2013Co-Authors: Wei Neng Lin, Robert D. Enright, John S KlattAbstract:In this study we tested the effectiveness of a Forgiveness intervention for young adults with insecure attachment to their mothers. Twenty-seven students from four universities in Taiwan were recruited and assigned to either a Forgiveness intervention or an alternative treatment control group. Dependent measures were administered at pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up. Within-group analyses demonstrated the participants in the Forgiveness intervention showed greater improvement on measures of attachment security, Forgiveness, trait anxiety, hope, and self-esteem than the participants in the alternative treatment group. Effect sizes were in the medium to large range. Implications for research and practice with families are discussed.
-
a palliative care intervention in Forgiveness therapy for elderly terminally ill cancer patients
Journal of Palliative Care, 2009Co-Authors: Mary J Hansen, Robert D. Enright, Thomas W Baskin, John S KlattAbstract:Palliative care is now considered an essential part of end-of-life care, yet little research examines the efficacy of interventions addressing the psychological treatment of dying patients. Forgiveness therapy has been shown to be effective in improving psychological well-being and may provide a valuable addition to a terminal cancer patient's overall treatment plan. This study experimentally tested the effectiveness of a four-week Forgiveness therapy in improving the quality of life of elderly terminally ill cancer patients. Participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned to a Forgiveness therapy group or to a wait-list control group, which received Forgiveness therapy in the second four-week period. All participants completed instruments measuring Forgiveness, hope, quality of life, and anger at pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2. The Forgiveness therapy group showed greater improvement than the control group, with one-tailed t-tests, on all measures. After receiving Forgiveness therapy, participants in both Forgiveness treatment conditions demonstrated significant improvements on all measures. The aggregated effect size was large. The four-week Forgiveness therapy demonstrated psychological benefits for elderly terminally ill cancer patients and thus may be an appropriate addition to the treatment plan for terminal cancer patients.
Frank D Fincham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Forgiveness and marital quality: Precursor or consequence in well-established relationships?
The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Frank D Fincham, Steven R H BeachAbstract:To examine potential causal relations between Forgiveness and marital quality a sample of married couples (N = 91) provided data regarding Forgiveness and marital quality on two occasions separated by a 12-month interval. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direction of effects. For women, paths emerged from Forgiveness to marital quality and vice versa. For men, the direction of effect was from marital quality to Forgiveness. The concurrent association between the two constructs mediated the longitudinal relationship between them for wives but not for husbands. These results are discussed in relation to an emerging body of theory and research on the role of Forgiveness in marriage.
-
self Forgiveness the stepchild of Forgiveness research
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Julie H Hall, Frank D FinchamAbstract:Although research on interpersonal Forgiveness is burgeoning, there is little conceptual or empirical scholarship on self–Forgiveness. To stimulate research on this topic, a conceptual analysis of self–Forgiveness is offered in which self–Forgiveness is defined and distinguished from interpersonal Forgiveness and pseudo self–Forgiveness. The conditions under which self–Forgiveness is appropriate also are identified. A theoretical model describing the processes involved in self–Forgiveness following the perpetration of an interpersonal transgression is outlined and the proposed emotional, social–cognitive, and offense–related determinants of self–Forgiveness are described. The limitations of the model and its implications for future research are explored.
-
marital quality Forgiveness empathy and rumination a longitudinal analysis
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2005Co-Authors: Giorgia F Paleari, Camillo Regalia, Frank D FinchamAbstract:McCullough, Rachal, et al.’s (1998) social-psychological framework of Forgiveness informed a longitudinal study that examined the extent to which marital Forgiveness is determined by social-cognitive (the offended spouse’s rumination and emotional empathy) and relationship variables (the quality of the relationship in which the offense took place). In the study, 119 husbands and 124 wives from long- and medium-term marriages in north Italy provided data at two time points separated by a 6-month interval. Structural equation models showed that rumination and empathy independently predicted concurrent marital Forgiveness. Forgiveness in turn predicted concurrent marital quality. Finally, reciprocal directions of effect emerged between Forgiveness and marital quality over time. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for promoting Forgiveness, and future research directions are outlined.
-
Forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage
Journal of Family Psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Frank D Fincham, Steven R H Beach, Joanne DavilaAbstract:Two studies examined whether Forgiveness in married couples is associated with better conflict resolution. Study 1 examined couples in their 3rd year of marriage and identified 2 Forgiveness dimensions (retaliation and benevolence). Husbands’ retaliatory motivation was a significant predictor of poorer wife-reported conflict resolution, whereas wives’ benevolence motivation predicted husbands’ reports of better conflict resolution. Examining longer term marriages, Study 2 identified three Forgiveness dimensions (retaliation, avoidance and benevolence). Whereas wives’ benevolence again predicted better conflict resolution, husbands’ avoidance predicted wives’ reports of poorer conflict resolution. All findings were independent of both spouses’ marital satisfaction. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of Forgiveness for marital conflict and its implications for spouse goals. Future research directions on Forgiveness are outlined.
Steven R H Beach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Forgiveness and marital quality: Precursor or consequence in well-established relationships?
The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Frank D Fincham, Steven R H BeachAbstract:To examine potential causal relations between Forgiveness and marital quality a sample of married couples (N = 91) provided data regarding Forgiveness and marital quality on two occasions separated by a 12-month interval. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direction of effects. For women, paths emerged from Forgiveness to marital quality and vice versa. For men, the direction of effect was from marital quality to Forgiveness. The concurrent association between the two constructs mediated the longitudinal relationship between them for wives but not for husbands. These results are discussed in relation to an emerging body of theory and research on the role of Forgiveness in marriage.
-
Forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage
Journal of Family Psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Frank D Fincham, Steven R H Beach, Joanne DavilaAbstract:Two studies examined whether Forgiveness in married couples is associated with better conflict resolution. Study 1 examined couples in their 3rd year of marriage and identified 2 Forgiveness dimensions (retaliation and benevolence). Husbands’ retaliatory motivation was a significant predictor of poorer wife-reported conflict resolution, whereas wives’ benevolence motivation predicted husbands’ reports of better conflict resolution. Examining longer term marriages, Study 2 identified three Forgiveness dimensions (retaliation, avoidance and benevolence). Whereas wives’ benevolence again predicted better conflict resolution, husbands’ avoidance predicted wives’ reports of poorer conflict resolution. All findings were independent of both spouses’ marital satisfaction. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of Forgiveness for marital conflict and its implications for spouse goals. Future research directions on Forgiveness are outlined.
Everett L Worthington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Forgiveness in javanese collective culture the relationship between rumination harmonious value decisional Forgiveness and emotional Forgiveness
Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Ni Made Taganing Kurniati, Everett L Worthington, Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari, Adriana Soekandar Ginanjar, Carissa DwiwardaniAbstract:Forgiveness in Javanese collective culture is examined by considering harmonious value (HV) a subjective value on maintaining social harmony and rumination. In Study 1, we conducted an exploratory sequential mixed-method study to develop a scale measuring HV. In-depth interviews with eight Javanese adolescents revealed three major domains of HV (Study 1a). In a second quantitative study (Study 1b), we developed items and assessed 347 Javanese adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported three factors: cooperation during conflict, forbearing and resolving conflict. After confirming that the translated scales had acceptable reliability, we conducted Study 2 with 424 Javanese adolescents from both urban and village settings. Using hierarchical multiple regression, we found that HV accounted for a variance in decisional Forgiveness above and beyond rumination. In addition, decisional Forgiveness also accounted for variance in emotional Forgiveness above and beyond rumination. In fact, HV accounted for variance in emotional Forgiveness above and beyond both rumination and decisional Forgiveness together. This revealed the importance of valuing social harmony in this collectivistic culture. Moreover, decisional Forgiveness was also important in predicting the Javanese collectivists’ emotional Forgiveness.
-
training parents in forgiving and reconciling
American Journal of Family Therapy, 2010Co-Authors: Rebecca P Kiefer, Don E Davis, Everett L Worthington, John W Berry, Barbara J Myers, Wendy Kliewer, Jordan M Kilgour, Andrea J Miller, Daryl R Van Tongeren, Jennifer L HunterAbstract:Teaching parents how to forgive transgressions of parenting partners may reduce negative emotions, increase positive emotions, and, thus, decrease parenting stress. We implemented a waiting-list design to investigate the efficacy of a 9-hour psychoeducational group intervention, Forgiveness and Reconciliation through Experiencing Empathy (FREE), presented to 27 parents and caregivers of children 0–9 years old. Participants receiving FREE exhibited increased Forgiveness of a target offense by the parenting partner and increased Forgiveness of all parenting offenses. This study offers initial evidence that an intervention to promote Forgiveness and reconciliation in parents could be beneficial and might improve parenting relations.
-
insecure attachment and depressive symptoms the mediating role of rumination empathy and Forgiveness
Personality and Individual Differences, 2009Co-Authors: Jeni L Burnette, Don E Davis, Jeffrey D Green, Everett L Worthington, Erin K BradfieldAbstract:Abstract The authors investigated the associations between attachment, empathy, rumination, Forgiveness, and depressive symptoms via the framework of attachment theory. Participants ( N = 221; 141 F and 80 M) completed a battery of questionnaires. We hypothesized that (a) anxious and avoidant attachment would be negatively linked to dispositional Forgiveness; (b) the anxious attachment–Forgiveness link would be mediated through excessive rumination; (c) the avoidance attachment–Forgiveness link would be mediated through lack of empathy; and (d) the insecure attachment–depression relation would, in turn, be partially mediated by the Forgiveness process. SEM modeling confirmed these propositions, revealing the potential deleterious outcomes associated with insecure attachment and unforgiving responses to offenses.
-
Forgiveness and reconciliation theory and application
2006Co-Authors: Everett L WorthingtonAbstract:Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: A Stress-and-Coping Theory of Forgiveness and Relevant Evidence. Models of Forgiveness. A Biopsychosocial Stress-and-Coping Theory of Forgiveness. Evidence That UnForgiveness is a Stress Reaction. Emotion in the Stress-and-Coping Theory of Forgiveness. Evidence Supporting the Emotional Replacement Hypothesis. Part II: Personality Traits of Forgivers and Nonforgivers. Forgiveness and the Big Five Personality Traits. Dispositions Related to UnForgiveness and Forgiveness. Personality can be Changed. Part III: Clinical Applications to Promote Forgiveness and Reconciliation. A General Approach to Psychotherapy. Intervening Specifically to Promote Forgiveness. Intervening to Promote Forgiveness of Self. Intervening to Promote Reconciliation. Research Support for Helping People REACH Forgiveness. Promoting Forgiveness and Reconciliation Within Society. Conclusion: Forgiveness is not a Panacea. Appendix: What is Forgiveness? References. Index.
-
the psychology of unForgiveness and Forgiveness and implications for clinical practice
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: Everett L Worthington, Nathaniel G WadeAbstract:UnForgiveness and Forgiveness are distinct. One cannot forgive unless unForgiveness has occurred, but one might reduce unForgiveness by many ways—only one of which is Forgiveness. We present a model intended to further assist and guide subsequent empirical exploration. The model explains the personal, relationship, and environmental factors that lead people to either unForgiveness or Forgiveness. Related areas are reviewed to stimulate as yet unexplored research and clinical efforts related to Forgiveness. Clinical protocols for promoting Forgiveness in enrichment, preventative, and therapeutic contexts are described.
Masako Ito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
can group interventions facilitate Forgiveness of an ex spouse a randomized clinical trial
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Mark S Rye, Kenneth I Pargament, Wei Pan, David W Yingling, Karrie A Shogren, Masako ItoAbstract:This study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 versions of an 8-session Forgiveness group intervention for divorced individuals. Participants (randomized, n=192; analyzed, n=149) were randomly assigned to a secular Forgiveness condition, a religious Forgiveness condition, or a no-intervention comparison condition. Measures of Forgiveness and mental health were obtained at pretest, posttest, and 6-week follow-up. Participants in both intervention conditions increased significantly more than comparison participants on self-reported Forgiveness of an ex-spouse and understanding of Forgiveness. Participants in the secular condition showed a greater decrease in depressive symptoms than comparison participants. Intrinsic religiousness did not moderate intervention effects.
