The Experts below are selected from a list of 249 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yongbiao Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Nitrogen Dioxide Fumigation for Microbial Control on Unshelled Peanuts
Agricultural Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Rippy Singh, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Stored peanuts often need treatments to control microbial infections as well as insects to maintain postharvest quality. Nitric oxide (NO) is a recently discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control. NO Fumigation must be conducted under ultralow oxygen condition to preserve NO and always contains NO2 due to NO reaction with oxygen and NO2 has antimicrobial property. Therefore, NO Fumigation has potential to control both pests and pathogens. In this study, we evaluated antimicrobial effects of NO2 Fumigation on unpasteurized unshelled peanuts. Peanuts were fumigated with 0.3%, 1.0%, and 3.0% NO2 for three days at 25˚C by injecting NO gas into glass jars to react with O2 in the atmosphere. After Fumigation, wash-off microbial samples were collected from intact peanut samples and, then, cracked open peanut samples with non-selective tryptic soy broth medium. The wash-off samples were then diluted with both the non-selective medium and a fungal-selective potato dextrose broth medium and were tested on GreenLight™ rapid enumeration test based on oxygen depletion on culture medium. All three NO2 Fumigation treatments showed significant antibacterial and antifungal effects on intact peanuts as well as on cracked peanuts with complete inhibition with 3.0% NO2. Fumigation did not have obvious effects on appearance of skinned peanut kernels. These results suggested that NO2 Fumigation has potential to control microbes on stored products, and NO Fumigation with the combination of NO and NO2 has potential to control both insects and microbes on stored products.
-
residue analysis of nitric oxide Fumigation in nine stored grain and nut products
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2019Co-Authors: Xiangbing Yang, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a recently discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control on fresh and stored products. Nitric oxide Fumigation also does not leave residues on fresh fruit and vegetables when conducted properly. In this study, we analyzed nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) levels in liquid extracts and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) desorption rates as residues of NO Fumigation at various times after Fumigation on nine stored grain and nut products. Each product was fumigated separately with 3.0% NO for 24 h in two treatments: one treatment (NO–N2) was terminated with nitrogen gas (N2) flush and the other (NO-Air) was terminated with normal air flush. For NO–N2, NO3− concentrations of all fumigated products were not significantly higher than those of untreated controls at 1, 7, and 14 d after Fumigation. NO2− concentrations of all fumigated products from N2 gas flush were not significantly higher than those of control products at 14 d after Fumigation. NO2 desorption rates for most products from NO–N2 treatment showed no significant difference from those for the controls 1 d after NO Fumigation, except for beans and wheat, which showed no significant difference at ≥7 d after Fumigation. All products from NO-Air treatment, however, had significant higher NO3− and NO2− ion concentrations in liquid extracts at 14 d after Fumigation than those from NO–N2 treatment and the control. NO2 desorption rates in all products from NO-Air treatment were also significantly higher than those from NO–N2 treatment and the control at 21 d after Fumigation. Therefore, when terminated properly with N2 flush, NO Fumigation did not result in significant increases of NO3−, NO2−, or NO2 as residue in nut and grain products.
-
Nitric oxide Fumigation for postharvest pest control on lettuce.
Pest management science, 2018Co-Authors: Xiangbing Yang, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Background The lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, are quarantine pests of lettuce in Asian markets and, therefore, require treatments on lettuce exported from USA to Japan and Taiwan, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) is a newly discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control and has been demonstrated as safe to fresh fruit and vegetables. In this study, small-scale NO Fumigations were conducted to determine effective treatments and large-scale confirmatory tests were conducted to determine the efficacy against N. ribisnigri and F. occidentalis on commercially packed lettuce. The safety of NO Fumigation to postharvest quality of lettuce was also evaluated. Results In small-scale experiments, complete control of N. ribisnigri was achieved in 3, 8, and 16 h Fumigations with 2.0%, 1.0%, and 0.5% NO, respectively, at 2 °C on both iceberg and romaine lettuce. In a large-scale experiment, complete control of both N. ribisnigri and F. occidentalis was achieved in a 16 h Fumigation with 0.5% NO at 2 °C. The Fumigation treatment had no effect on either external or internal postharvest quality of lettuce at 14 days after treatment. Conclusion Nitric oxide Fumigation was demonstrated to be effective against both N. ribisnigri and F. occidentalis and safe to lettuce quality in large-scale Fumigations of commercially packed lettuce. The study suggests that NO Fumigation has the potential to be an alternative treatment to methyl bromide for postharvest pest control on harvested lettuce. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
-
nitric oxide Fumigation for control of spotted wing drosophila diptera drosophilidae in strawberries
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2018Co-Authors: Xiangbing Yang, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) Fumigation was conducted to determine the efficacy of controlling spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in strawberries and the effects on postharvest quality of strawberries under ultralow oxygen conditions at 2°C. Eight-hour Fumigations with 1.0 and 3.0% NO were tested against different life stages of the insect to determine an effective treatment, and a 16-h Fumigation was tested to determine the impact on strawberry quality. Complete control of eggs and larvae in strawberries was achieved in an 8-h Fumigation with 3.0% NO, and the treatment achieved 98.8% mortality of pupae. The first and second instars were more susceptible to NO and were completely controlled with 1.0% NO Fumigation. The 16-h Fumigation treatment with 3.0% NO had no negative impact on strawberry quality as there were no significant differences from the control in berry damage score. The NO Fumigation, however, significantly reduced mold 2 wk after Fumigation, indicating that NO Fumigation had potential to preserve strawberry quality. The results of this study demonstrated that NO Fumigation is effective for control of SWD and safe to strawberries, and therefore, NO Fumigation has potential to control SWD on harvested strawberries.
-
Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2017Co-Authors: Yongbiao Liu, Xiangbing Yang, Tiffany MasudaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is a newly discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control. This paper provides detailed protocols for conducting NO Fumigation on fresh products and procedures for residue analysis and product quality evaluation. An airtight Fumigation chamber containing fresh fruit and vegetables is first flushed with nitrogen (N2) to establish an ultralow oxygen (ULO) environment followed by injection of NO. The Fumigation chamber is then kept at a low temperature of 2 - 5 °C for a specified time period necessary to kill a target pest to complete a Fumigation treatment. At the end of a Fumigation treatment, the Fumigation chamber is flushed with N2 to dilute NO prior to opening the chamber to ambient air to prevent the reaction between NO and O2, which produces NO2 and may damage delicate fresh products. At different times after NO Fumigation, NO2 in headspace and nitrate and nitrite in liquid samples were measured as residues. Product quality was evaluated after 2 weeks of post-treatment cold storage to determine effects of NO Fumigation on product quality. Keeping O2 from reacting with NO is critical to NO Fumigation and is an important part of the protocols. Measuring NO levels is challenging and a practical solution is provided. Possible protocol modifications are also suggested for measuring NO levels in the Fumigation chambers as well as residues. NO Fumigation has the potential to be a practical alternative to methyl bromide Fumigation for postharvest pest control on fresh and stored products. This publication is intended to assist other researchers in conducting NO Fumigation research for postharvest pest control and accelerating the development of NO Fumigation for practical applications.
John Talarico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sulfuryl fluoride poisonings in structural Fumigation a highly regulated industry potential causes and solutions
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019Co-Authors: Tracy Barreau, Sumi Hoshiko, Rick Kreutzer, Svetlana Smorodinsky, John TalaricoAbstract:Structural Fumigations using sulfuryl fluoride for the extermination of dry-wood termites are conducted by the thousands in California and other warm-weather states. Sulfuryl fluoride is an odorless gas that targets the nervous system and can cause respiratory irritation, pulmonary edema, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and death. Structural voids or compartments such as wall sockets, crawl spaces, cabinets, or cells in air mattresses may create ongoing exposure after a structure has been certified as safe. The authors describe a case of potential sulfuryl fluoride exposure to a family following home Fumigation. Despite regulation, sulfuryl fluoride poisonings from structural Fumigations continue to occur. This article examines the physical characteristics of sulfuryl fluoride and the regulatory oversight of its application, in an effort to understand how and why these poisonings happen. Increasing aeration times of fumigated structures, overseeing monitoring efficacy, and using technology to capture clearance data could reduce sulfuryl fluoride exposure and illness.
Xiangbing Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
residue analysis of nitric oxide Fumigation in nine stored grain and nut products
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2019Co-Authors: Xiangbing Yang, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a recently discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control on fresh and stored products. Nitric oxide Fumigation also does not leave residues on fresh fruit and vegetables when conducted properly. In this study, we analyzed nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) levels in liquid extracts and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) desorption rates as residues of NO Fumigation at various times after Fumigation on nine stored grain and nut products. Each product was fumigated separately with 3.0% NO for 24 h in two treatments: one treatment (NO–N2) was terminated with nitrogen gas (N2) flush and the other (NO-Air) was terminated with normal air flush. For NO–N2, NO3− concentrations of all fumigated products were not significantly higher than those of untreated controls at 1, 7, and 14 d after Fumigation. NO2− concentrations of all fumigated products from N2 gas flush were not significantly higher than those of control products at 14 d after Fumigation. NO2 desorption rates for most products from NO–N2 treatment showed no significant difference from those for the controls 1 d after NO Fumigation, except for beans and wheat, which showed no significant difference at ≥7 d after Fumigation. All products from NO-Air treatment, however, had significant higher NO3− and NO2− ion concentrations in liquid extracts at 14 d after Fumigation than those from NO–N2 treatment and the control. NO2 desorption rates in all products from NO-Air treatment were also significantly higher than those from NO–N2 treatment and the control at 21 d after Fumigation. Therefore, when terminated properly with N2 flush, NO Fumigation did not result in significant increases of NO3−, NO2−, or NO2 as residue in nut and grain products.
-
Nitric oxide Fumigation for postharvest pest control on lettuce.
Pest management science, 2018Co-Authors: Xiangbing Yang, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Background The lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, are quarantine pests of lettuce in Asian markets and, therefore, require treatments on lettuce exported from USA to Japan and Taiwan, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) is a newly discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control and has been demonstrated as safe to fresh fruit and vegetables. In this study, small-scale NO Fumigations were conducted to determine effective treatments and large-scale confirmatory tests were conducted to determine the efficacy against N. ribisnigri and F. occidentalis on commercially packed lettuce. The safety of NO Fumigation to postharvest quality of lettuce was also evaluated. Results In small-scale experiments, complete control of N. ribisnigri was achieved in 3, 8, and 16 h Fumigations with 2.0%, 1.0%, and 0.5% NO, respectively, at 2 °C on both iceberg and romaine lettuce. In a large-scale experiment, complete control of both N. ribisnigri and F. occidentalis was achieved in a 16 h Fumigation with 0.5% NO at 2 °C. The Fumigation treatment had no effect on either external or internal postharvest quality of lettuce at 14 days after treatment. Conclusion Nitric oxide Fumigation was demonstrated to be effective against both N. ribisnigri and F. occidentalis and safe to lettuce quality in large-scale Fumigations of commercially packed lettuce. The study suggests that NO Fumigation has the potential to be an alternative treatment to methyl bromide for postharvest pest control on harvested lettuce. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
-
nitric oxide Fumigation for control of spotted wing drosophila diptera drosophilidae in strawberries
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2018Co-Authors: Xiangbing Yang, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) Fumigation was conducted to determine the efficacy of controlling spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in strawberries and the effects on postharvest quality of strawberries under ultralow oxygen conditions at 2°C. Eight-hour Fumigations with 1.0 and 3.0% NO were tested against different life stages of the insect to determine an effective treatment, and a 16-h Fumigation was tested to determine the impact on strawberry quality. Complete control of eggs and larvae in strawberries was achieved in an 8-h Fumigation with 3.0% NO, and the treatment achieved 98.8% mortality of pupae. The first and second instars were more susceptible to NO and were completely controlled with 1.0% NO Fumigation. The 16-h Fumigation treatment with 3.0% NO had no negative impact on strawberry quality as there were no significant differences from the control in berry damage score. The NO Fumigation, however, significantly reduced mold 2 wk after Fumigation, indicating that NO Fumigation had potential to preserve strawberry quality. The results of this study demonstrated that NO Fumigation is effective for control of SWD and safe to strawberries, and therefore, NO Fumigation has potential to control SWD on harvested strawberries.
-
Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2017Co-Authors: Yongbiao Liu, Xiangbing Yang, Tiffany MasudaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is a newly discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control. This paper provides detailed protocols for conducting NO Fumigation on fresh products and procedures for residue analysis and product quality evaluation. An airtight Fumigation chamber containing fresh fruit and vegetables is first flushed with nitrogen (N2) to establish an ultralow oxygen (ULO) environment followed by injection of NO. The Fumigation chamber is then kept at a low temperature of 2 - 5 °C for a specified time period necessary to kill a target pest to complete a Fumigation treatment. At the end of a Fumigation treatment, the Fumigation chamber is flushed with N2 to dilute NO prior to opening the chamber to ambient air to prevent the reaction between NO and O2, which produces NO2 and may damage delicate fresh products. At different times after NO Fumigation, NO2 in headspace and nitrate and nitrite in liquid samples were measured as residues. Product quality was evaluated after 2 weeks of post-treatment cold storage to determine effects of NO Fumigation on product quality. Keeping O2 from reacting with NO is critical to NO Fumigation and is an important part of the protocols. Measuring NO levels is challenging and a practical solution is provided. Possible protocol modifications are also suggested for measuring NO levels in the Fumigation chambers as well as residues. NO Fumigation has the potential to be a practical alternative to methyl bromide Fumigation for postharvest pest control on fresh and stored products. This publication is intended to assist other researchers in conducting NO Fumigation research for postharvest pest control and accelerating the development of NO Fumigation for practical applications.
-
Residual analysis of nitric oxide Fumigation on fresh fruit and vegetables
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiangbing Yang, Yongbiao LiuAbstract:Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a newly discovered fumigant which is effective against a wide range of postharvest pests. To register NO with US EPA for commercial use as a pesticide and to ensure its safety to consumers, it is necessary to analyze residues of NO fumigated products. In this study, we analyzed nitrate (NO 3 − ) and nitrite (NO 2 − ) ion concentrations in liquid extracts as residues on 20 fresh products at 24 h after 16 h Fumigation treatments and compared them from untreated controls to determine effects of nitric oxide Fumigation. Each product was subjected to two identical NO Fumigation treatments except one treatment was terminated by flushing with N 2 and the other terminated by flushing with air. For most products, there were no significant differences in NO 3 − or NO 2 − level between the treatment that was terminated with nitrogen flush and the control. Only when NO Fumigation treatment was terminated by flushing with normal air, there were significantly higher NO 3 − and NO 2 − concentrations in all fumigated products than both control and N 2 flushed fumigated products. NO 2 − concentration was generally not detectable in both fumigated and control products. Therefore, our results indicated that there were no significant levels of residues from NO fumigated fresh products at 24 h after Fumigation when Fumigation was terminated properly with nitrogen flushing.
Joseph L Smilanick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
integration of continuous bioFumigation with muscodor albus with pre cooling Fumigation with ozone or sulfur dioxide to control postharvest gray mold of table grapes
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Franka Mlikota Gabler, Julien Mercier, Jorge Jimenez, Joseph L SmilanickAbstract:An integrated approach was evaluated that combined biological and chemical Fumigation of table grapes to control postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. After Fumigation of the grapes with ozone or sulfur dioxide during pre-cooling, the fruit were then exposed to continuous bioFumigation by the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus during storage. BioFumigation was provided by in-package generators containing a live grain culture of the fungus. This grain formulation of M. albus survived the initial ozone or sulfur dioxide Fumigation, but sulfur dioxide reduced its production of isobutyric acid, an indicator of the production of antifungal volatiles. Gray mold incidence was reduced among inoculated ‘Autumn Seedless’ grapes from 91.7 to 19.3% by 1 h Fumigation with 5000 LL −1 ozone, and further reduced to 10.0% when ozone Fumigation and M. albus bioFumigation were combined. The natural incidence of gray mold among organically grown ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes after 1 month of storage at 0.5 ◦ C was 31.0%. Ozone Fumigation and M. albus bioFumigation reduced the incidence of gray mold to 9.7 and 4.4, respectively, while the combined treatment reduced gray mold incidence to 3.4%. The use of commercial sulfur dioxide pads reduced the incidence to 1.1%. The combination of ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, but was less effective than the standard sulfur dioxide treatments. Although less effective than sulfur dioxide treatment, ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, and could be alternatives to sulfur dioxide, particularly for growers complying with organic production requirements.
Richard T. Arbogast - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
long term monitoring of tribolium castaneum populations in two flour mills rebound after Fumigation
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: James F. Campbell, Michael D Toews, Frank H Arthur, Richard T. ArbogastAbstract:Structural Fumigations of food processing plants to manage stored-product insects has been a major component of pest management programs, but limited information on field efficacy is available. Efficacy, based on pheromone trapping data, consists of initial reduction in captures after treatment and rebound in trap captures over time. Pattern of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) rebound was evaluated after 21 Fumigations in two flour mills. Rebound in mean number of beetles captured and the probability of a trap capturing one or more beetles was evaluated. Rebound to a threshold mean beetle capture of 2.5 beetles per trap per 2-wk period took 174 ± 33 d and rebound took longer after fall (248 ± 50 d) than spring (104 ± 21 d) Fumigations. Rebound to the probability of capture threshold of 0.50 was 120 ± 21 d, but there was no significant effect of season. Improvement in integrated pest management (IPM) practices in one of the mills was associated with an increase in time to reach mean beetle capture threshold (49 ± 15 d before and 246 ± 71 d after) but not in time to reach the probability of capture threshold (38 ± 14 d before and 165 ± 46 d after). There was a negative correlation between number captured after Fumigation and time to rebound to threshold. After improved IPM there was a significant reduction in the number of beetles per trap immediately after Fumigation. Above these two thresholds the degree of change in trap captures is significantly greater than below, which suggests they might be useful in evaluating risk in a pest management program.
-
long term monitoring of tribolium castaneum in two flour mills seasonal patterns and impact of Fumigation
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: James F. Campbell, Richard T. Arbogast, Michael D Toews, Frank H ArthurAbstract:Data from long-term Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) pheromone trapping programs in two flour mills was used to evaluate the impact of structural Fumigations (n = 23) on pest populations. The two mills differed in mean number of beetles captured and proportion of traps with captures of one or more beetles, but in one of the mills the mean number of beetles captured was reduced after implementing a more intensive integrated pest management program. Mean number of beetles per trap and proportion of traps with captures increased by 52.7 +/- 8.2 and 24.8 +/- 4.7% from one monitoring period to the next but decreased by 84.6 +/- 4.6 and 71.0 +/- 5.1% when Fumigation occurred between periods, respectively. Mean number of beetles per trap and proportion of traps with captures immediately after Fumigation were both positively correlated with number captured per trap and proportion of traps with captures in the monitoring period immediately before Fumigation. Mean daily air temperature inside the mill fluctuated with the season, and although always warmer than the outside temperature, the relative difference varied with season. Relationship between inside and outside temperature could be explained well by an exponential equation with the parameters a = 20.43, b = 2.25, and c = -15.24 (r2 = 0.6983, which is 94% of the maximum r2 obtainable). Although outside temperature differed between spring and fall Fumigations, inside temperature and reduction in beetle captures was not affected by season. A better understanding of pest populations and the impact of structural treatments within commercial food facilities is critical for improving the management of pest populations and for the adoption of methyl bromide alternatives.
-
stored product insects in a flour mill population dynamics and response to Fumigation treatments
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2004Co-Authors: James F. Campbell, Richard T. ArbogastAbstract:In a wheat flour mill, seasonal trends in stored-product insect trap capture, relationships between trap captures inside and outside the mill, and between pheromone trap capture and product infestation, and the impact of Fumigation on pest populations, were assessed. Mark-recapture was used to evaluate the potential for movement of insects outside the mill into the mill. For Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), pheromone trap captures outside were higher than inside the mill, and when inside and outside trap captures were correlated, both indoor and outdoor trap captures tended to cycle according to a seasonal pattern; Fumigations did not consistently influence pheromone trap captures, and in only one instance were they found in product samples. Mark-recapture data indicated that P. interpunctella was capable of entering the building from outside. Tr ibolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) trap captures, in contrast, tended to be lower outside compared to inside, followed a pattern of sharp decline after Fumigation treatment, and then steadily increased (0.002‐ 0.005 beetles/trap/ day) until the next Fumigation. This pattern, other than potentially the rate of increase, was not impacted by season and outside trap capture levels. Tr ibolium castaneum was the primary species infesting the product. The information generated in this study provides some of the information needed to develop improved monitoring and management programs.
