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Gerald Mayr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Parvigruidae (Aves, core Gruiformes) from the early Oligocene of Belgium
Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2013Co-Authors: Gerald MayrAbstract:The avian taxon Parvigruidae includes poorly known early Oligocene core Gruiformes, which were considered to be most closely related to either Ralloidea (rails and allies) or Gruoidea (cranes and allies) by earlier authors. Previous fossils of these birds were found in southern France ( Parvigrus pohli ) and eastern Germany ( Rupelrallus saxoniensis ). Here, I describe remains of two parvigruid species from the Rupelian stratotype (Boom clay) in Belgium. The smaller of these are tentatively assigned to P. pohli , the larger specimens agree with R. saxoniensis in size but differ in some morphological details and are assigned to a new species, ? Rupelrallus belgicus , sp. nov. The new fossils show that parvigruids were an important part of the early Oligocene European avifauna and had a wide distribution across the continent. They further allow recognition of previously unknown osteological features, especially of the humerus and hypotarsus, which substantiate sister group relationship between Parvigruidae and crown group Gruoidea.
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ducks rails and limicoline waders aves anseriformes Gruiformes charadriiformes from the lowermost oligocene of belgium
Geobios, 2001Co-Authors: Gerald Mayr, Richard SmithAbstract:Abstract A diverse avifauna is described from the lowermost Oligocene (MP 21) of the locality Boutersem near Bruxelles, Belgium. Remains of at least 13 avian taxa were distinguished and many are represented by more than one skeletal element. Coracoids of two anseriform taxa were identified, one of these is tentatively assigned to Paracygnopterus Harrison & Walker , 1979 , the other is tentatively referred to Romainvillia Lebedinsky , 1927. Other anseriform bones are described but could not be assigned to one of the coracoids. The specimen referred to Paracygnopterus is the earliest certain record of the Anatidae and confirms the presence of this family in the lower-most Oligocene of Western Europe. Charadriiform birds are represented by at least four different species. Two of these are assigned to the new genus Boutersemia ( Boutersemia belgica nov. gen. nov. sp., Boutersemia parvula nov. gen. nov. sp.). The genus Boutersemia is characterized by a large foramen vasculare distale on the tarsometatarsus and is tentatively assigned to the Glareolidae. Three species of rails (Gruiformes, Rallidae) were identified, two of which are classified in the new genus Belgirallus ( Belgirallus oligocaenus nov. gen. nov. sp., Belgirallus minutus nov. gen. nov. sp.). The species of the genus Belgirallus are among the earliest substantial record of fossil Rallidae, and Belgirallus minutus is the smallest early Tertiary rail known so far. A fragmentary distal end of a tarsometatarsus has been assigned to the Pici and represents the earliest fossil record of this taxon. A distal end of an upper beak resembles that of recent Scolopacidae and Rostratulidae (Charadriiformes), but is much larger. Fragmentary tarsometatarsi of two large avian taxa probably belong to the Idiornithidae (Gruiformes) and Phoenicopteriformes.
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A remarkable new ‘gruiform’ bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany)
Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 2000Co-Authors: Gerald MayrAbstract:Salmila robusta n. gen., n. sp. (Aves: ‘Gruiformes’) is described from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). The new species is assumed to have had a predominantly terrestrial habit. It shares derived features of the carpometacarpus with the recent Psophiidae and some taxa of the Cariamae. In several features, however, it distinctly differs from other ‘gruiform’ birds (e. g. in the larger proximal end of the humerus and in the shape of the margo caudalis of the sternum). Although Salmila robusta has been tentatively assigned to the Cariamae in this study, its exact systematic position deserves further investigations. The rather short tarsometatarsus of the new species resembles that of the ‘Messel-phorusrhacid’ Aenigmavis sapea Peters 1987. Salmila robusta n. gen., n. sp. (Aves: ‘Gruiformes’) wird aus dem Mittel-Eozän von Messel (Hessen, Deutschland) beschrieben. Die neue Art war vermutlich vorwiegend bodenbewohnend und teilt abgeleitete Merkmale des Carpometacarpus mit den rezenten Psophiidae und einigen Taxa der Cariamae. Sie unterscheidet sich jedoch in einigen Merkmalen deutlich von anderen ‘gruiformen’ Vögeln (z.B. im größeren proximalen Ende des Humerus und in der Form des caudalen Sternumrandes). Salmila robusta wurde unter Vorbehalt zu den Cariamae gestellt, aber ihre genaue systematische Stellung muß noch weiter untersucht werden. Der recht kurze Tarsometatarsus der neuen Art ähnelt dem des ‘Messel-Phorusrhaciden’ Aenigmavis sapea Peters 1987.
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A remarkable new 'gruiform' bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany)
Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 2000Co-Authors: Gerald MayrAbstract:Salmila robusta n. gen., n. sp. (Aves: ‘Gruiformes’) is described from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). The new species is assumed to have had a predominantly terrestrial habit. It shares derived features of the carpometacarpus with the recent Psophiidae and some taxa of the Cariamae. In several features, however, it distinctly differs from other ‘gruiform’ birds (e. g. in the larger proximal end of the humerus and in the shape of the margo caudalis of the sternum). AlthoughSalmila robusta has been tentatively assigned to the Cariamae in this study, its exact systematic position deserves further investigations. The rather short tarsometatarsus of the new species resembles that of the ‘Messel-phorusrhacid’Aenigmavis sapea Peters 1987.
Nadir Ali Birmani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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FIRST RECORD OF GENUS AMIDOSTOMUM RAILLIET AND HENRY, 1909 (NEMATODA: AMIDOSTOMIDAE) IN PAKISTAN
Sindh University Research Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Nadir Ali Birmani, Ali Murtaza Dharejo, M. M. KhanAbstract:During present studies on helminthofauna of Black Coot, Fulica atra (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Sindh Province of Pakistan, 502 specimens (207♂ and 295 ♀) belonging to the genus Amidostomum Railliet and Henry, 1909 were collected from gizzards of 57 hosts. On the basis of diagnostic characteristics like body size, buccal capsule, shape and size of spicules, bursa and position of vulva, these specimens are identified as Amidostomum fulicae (Rudolphi, 1819) Seurat, 1918. This is first record of genus Amidostomum Railliet and Henry, 1909 from Pakistan.
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microphallus magnagulletum n sp digenea microphallidae from black coot fulica atra Gruiformes rallidae in sindh province of pakistan
Sindh University Research Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Nadir Ali Birmani, Ali Murtaza Dharejo, Abdul Manan Shaikh, Muhammad Munif Khan, M A ShahAbstract:In result of ongoing research work on the helminth parasites of Fulica atra (Gruiformes: Rallidae) in Sind province of Pakistan, a total of 07 flukes of the genus Microphallus Ward, 1901 were recovered from the intestine. On the basis of characteristics like body shape and size, very expansive or broad esophagus, small irregularly lobed thick-walled intestineal ceca, shape and location of male and female genital organs like testes and ovary, measurement of oral sucker and ventral sucker and seminal vesicle V-shaped, a new species Microphallus magnagulletum is recommended. The new species name indicate to broader esophagus.
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paramonostomum bubaki n sp digenea notocotylidae from the black coot fulica atra Gruiformes rallidae in south central pakistan
International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013Co-Authors: Nadir Ali Birmani, Ali Murtaza Dharejo, Muhammad Munif Khan, Abdul Manan ShaikhAbstract:During a helminthological survey of black coot, Fulica atra (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Sindh Province of Pakistan, eight specimens of undescribed species of trematode belonging to genus Paramonostomum Luhe, 1909 were recovered from large intestine of the single host bird. Paramonostomum bubaki n. sp. differs from its congeners except P. macrovesiculum Dharejo et al., 2006 by having less attenuated anterior end, a pharynx, a bifurcal genital pore, a longer posttesticular space, a Y-shaped excretory vesicle, number of uterine loops (16), and large size of filamentous eggs. P. bubaki n. sp. resembles P. macrovesiculum Dharejo et al., 2006 collected from Fulica atra from Pakistan by having a pharynx but differs in larger body, smaller esophagus, a bifurcal genital pore, shape of cirrus sac, seminal vesicle and gonads, ceca reaching posterior extremity, and a longer posttesticular space.
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FIRST RECORD OF GENUS STRONGYLOIDES GRASSI, 1879 (NEMATODA: STRONGYLOIDAE) IN PAKISTAN
Sindh University Research Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Nadir Ali Birmani, Ali Murtaza Dharejo, M. M. Khan, Abdul Manan ShaikhAbstract:Nematodes belonging to the genus Strongyloides Grassi, 1879 were collected from the host bird Black Coot, Fulica atra (Gruiformes: Rallidae) from different water bodies of Sindh Province, Pakistan. A total of 1663 ♀ were collected from the intestine and gizzards of 69 hosts. These specimens have resemblance with Strongyloides avium Cram, 1929 and identified as such. However, this genus is being reported for the first time from Pakistan.
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catatropis sp trematoda notocotylidae from the black coot fulica atra linnaeus 1758 Gruiformes rallidae in sindh province of pakistan
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Nadir Ali Birmani, Ali Murtaza Dharejo, Muhammad Munif KhanAbstract:During present study on the helminth parasites of Black Coot, Fulica atraLinnaeus, 1758(Gruiformes: Rallidae) in Sindh Province of Pakistan, two trematodes of the genusCatatropisOdhner, 1905were recovered from intestine of host bird. The detailed study of the worms resulted the lack of some diagnostic characteristics for the identification up to the species level. Therefore, these worms are identified up to the g eneric level. Previously there is no record of the genus CatatropisOdhner, 1905 in the avian host of Pakistan.
Banghe Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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complete mitochondrial genome of otis tarda Gruiformes otididae and phylogeny of Gruiformes inferred from mitochondrial dna sequences
Molecular Biology Reports, 2010Co-Authors: Rong Yang, Xiaobing Wu, Xia Su, Banghe YangAbstract:The complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial genome of the Great bustard (Otis tarda) was determined by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The genome is 16,849 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal and 22 transfer RNA genes. Sequences of the tRNA genes can be folded into canonical cloverleaf secondary structure except for tRNA-Cys and tRNA-Ser (AGY), which lose “DHU” arm. Sequence analysis showed that the O. tarda mitochondrial control region (mtCR) contained many elements in common with other avian mtCRs. A microsatellite repeat was found in the 3′-peripheral domain of the O. tarda mtCR. Based on the mitochondrial DNA sequences of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and tRNA-Val, a phylogenetic study of Gruiformes was performed. The result showed that Otididae was a sister group to “core Gruiformes” and Charadriiformes with strong support (97% posterior probability values) in Bayesian analysis. The taxonomic status of Rhynochetidae, Mesitornithidae, Pedionomidae and Turnicidae that traditionally belonged to Gruiformes was also discussed in this paper.
Edivaldo Herculano Correa De Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogenetic analysis and karyotype evolution in two species of core Gruiformes aramides cajaneus and psophia viridis
Genes, 2020Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Rafael Kretschmer, Patricia C M Obrien, Jorge Pereira, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:Gruiformes is a group with phylogenetic issues. Recent studies based on mitochondrial and genomic DNA have proposed the existence of a core Gruiformes, consisting of five families: Heliornithidae, Aramidae, Gruidae, Psophiidae and Rallidae. Karyotype studies on these species are still scarce, either by conventional staining or molecular cytogenetics. Due to this, this study aimed to analyze the karyotype of two species (Aramides cajaneus and Psophia viridis) belonging to families Rallidae and Psopiidae, respectively, by comparative chromosome painting. The results show that some chromosome rearrangements in this group have different origins, such as the association of GGA5/GGA7 in A. cajaneus, as well as the fission of GGA4p and association GGA6/GGA7, which place P. viridis close to Fulica atra and Gallinula chloropus. In addition, we conclude that the common ancestor of the core Gruiformes maintained the original syntenic groups found in the putative avian ancestral karyotype.
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cytotaxonomy of eurypyga helias Gruiformes eurypygidae first karyotypic description and phylogenetic proximity with rynochetidae
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ivanete De Oliveira Furo, Amanda Almeida Monte, Michelly Dos S Santos, Marcella Mergulhao Tagliarini, Patricia C M O Brien, Malcolm A Fergusonsmith, Edivaldo Herculano Correa De OliveiraAbstract:The sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) is a South American Gruiformes, the only member of Family Eurypigidae. In most phylogenetic proposals, it is placed in a more distant position than other families of the so-called “core Gruiformes”. Different studies based on molecular, morphological and biogeographical data suggest that the Eurypigidae is closely related to the kagu (Rhynochetos jubatus), the only species in Rynochetidae, another family not included in the core Gruiformes. Here, the karyotype of the sunbittern is described for the first time, by classical and molecular cytogenetics, using whole chromosome probes derived from Gallus gallus and Leucopternis albicollis. We found a diploid number of 80, with only one pair of biarmed autosomal macrochromosomes, similar to that observed in the kagu. Chromosome painting revealed that most syntenies found in the avian putative ancestral karyotype (PAK) were conserved in the sunbittern. However, PAK1, PAK2, and PAK5 corresponded to two chromosome pairs each. Probes derived from L. albicollis confirm that fissions in PAK1 and PAK2 were centric, whereas in PAK5 the fission is interstitial. In addition, there is fusion of segments homologous to PAK2q and PAK5. From a phylogenetic point of view, comparisons of our results with two other Gruiformes belonging to family Rallidae suggest that the PAK5q fission might be a synapomorphy for Gruiformes. Fissions in PAK1 and PAK2 are found only in Eurypigidae, and might also occur in Rynochetidae, in view of the similar chromosomal morphology between the sunbittern and the kagu. This suggests a close phylogenetic relationship between Eurypigidae and Rynochetidae, whose common ancestor was separated by the Gondwana vicariancy in South America and New Caledonia, respectively.
Bradley C Livezey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes aves based on morphological characters with an emphasis on the rails rallidae
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 1998Co-Authors: Bradley C LivezeyAbstract:The order Gruiformes, for which even familial composition remains controversial, is perhaps the least well understood avian order from a phylogenetic perspective. The history of the systematics of the order is presented, and the ecological and biogeographic characteristics of its members are summarized. Using cladistic techniques, phylogenetic relationships among fossil and modern genera of the Gruiformes were estimated based on 381 primarily osteological characters; relationships among modern species of Grues (Psophiidae, Aramidae, Gruidae, Heliornithidae and Rallidae) were assessed based on these characters augmented by 189 characters of the definitive integument. A strict consensus tree for 20,000 shortest trees compiled for the matrix of gruiform genera (length = 967, CI = 0.517) revealed a number of nodes common to the solution set, many of which were robust to bootstrapping and had substantial support (Bremer) indices. Robust nodes included those supporting: a sister relationship between the Pedionomidae and Turnicidae; monophyly of the Gruiformes exclusive of the Pedionomidae and Turnicidae; a sister relationship between the Cariamidae and Phorusrhacoidea; a sister relationship between a clade comprising Eurypyga and Messelornis and one comprising Rhynochetos and Aptornis ; monophyly of the Grues (Psophiidae, Aramidae, Gruidae, Heliornithidae and Rallidae); monophyly of a clade (Gruoidea) comprising (in order of increasingly close relationship) Psophia , Aramus , Balearica and other Gruidae, with monophyly of each member in this series confirmed; a sister relationship between the Heliornithidae and Rallidae; and monophyly of the Rallidae exclusive of Himantornis . Autapomorphic divergence was comparatively high for Pedionomus , Eurypyga , Psophia , Himantornis and Fulica ; extreme autapomorphy, much of which is unique for the order, characterized the extinct, flightless Aptornis . In the species–level analysis of modern Grues, special efforts were made to limit the analytical impacts of homoplasy related to flightlessness in a number of rallid lineages. A strict consensus tree of 20,000 shortest trees compiled (length = 1232, CI = 0.463) confirmed the interfamilial relationships resolved in the ordinal analysis and established a number of other, variably supported groups within the Rallidae. Groupings within the Rallidae included: monophyly of Rallidae exclusive of Himantornis and a clade comprising Porphyrio (including Notornis ) and Porphyrula ; a poorly resolved, basal group of genera including Gymnocrex , Habroptila , Eulabeornis , Aramides , Canirallus and Mentocrex ; an intermediate grade comprising Anurolimnas , Amaurolimnas , and Rougetius ; monophyly of two major subdivisions of remaining rallids, one comprising Rallina (paraphyletic), Rallicula , and Sarothrura , and the other comprising the apparently paraphyletic ‘long–billed’ rails (e.g. Pardirallus , Cyanolimnas , Rallus , Gallirallus and Cabalus and a variably resolved clade comprising ‘crakes’ (e.g. Atlantisia , Laterallus and Porzana , waterhens ( Amaurornis ), moorhens ( Gallinula and allied genera) and coots ( Fulica ). Relationships among ‘crakes’ remain poorly resolved; Laterallus may be paraphyletic, and Porzana is evidently polyphyletic and poses substantial challenges for reconciliation with current taxonomy. Relationships among the species of waterhens, moorhens and coots, however, were comparatively well resolved, and exhaustive, fine–scale analyses of several genera ( Grus , Porphyrio , Aramides , Rallus , Laterallus and Fulica ) and species complexes ( Porphyrio porphyrio –group, Gallirallus philippensis –group and Fulica americana –group) revealed additional topological likelihoods. Many nodes shared by a majority of the shortest trees under equal weighting were common to all shortest trees found following one or two iterations of successive weighting of characters. Provisional placements of selected subfossil rallids (e.g. Diaphorapteryx , Aphanapteryx and Capellirallus ) were based on separate heuristic searches using the strict consensus tree for modern rallids as a backbone constraint. These analyses were considered with respect to assessments of robustness, homoplasy related to flightlessness, challenges and importance of fossils in cladistic analysis, previously published studies and biogeography, and an annotated phylogenetic classification of the Gruiformes is proposed.
