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H. K. Chaudhary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new protocol for colchicine induced efficient doubled Haploidy in haploid regenerants of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats at in vitro level
Cereal Research Communications, 2019Co-Authors: P Sharma, H. K. Chaudhary, N V Manoj, P KumarAbstract:An investigation to standardize the protocol for in vitro application of colchicine for enhancing the doubled haploid production in wheat was done. Two tetraploid (PDW-314 and A-9-30-1); and two hexaploid (DH-40 and C-306) wheat genotypes were used as maternal parents, whereas, the pollen sources involved Zea mays (cv. Bajaura Makka) and Imperata cylindrica. During the rabi seasons of years 2013–14 and 2014–15, wheat × maize and wheat × I. cylindrica hybridization was carried out followed by treatment of their haploids produced as a result of elimination of chromosomes of maize and I. cylindrica respectively, with varied doses of colchicine for different durations The various doses of colchicine were categorized into two groups: lower doses for longer durations (0.01, 0.025, 0.05% each for 5, 7, 9, 11 hrs) and higher doses for shorter durations (0.05, 0.075, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25% each for 5, 4, 3, 2 hrs). The response of different concentrations of colchicine applied for varied durations revealed significant differences for various doubled Haploidy parameters viz., per cent survived plants, per cent doubled haploid formation and per cent doubled haploid seed formation. In hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, colchicine doses of 0.075% for 4 hrs and 0.15% for 4 hrs, respectively were established as optimum for enhanced doubled haploid production.
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relative efficiency of maize and imperata cylindrica for haploid induction in triticum durum following chromosome elimination mediated approach of doubled haploid breeding
Plant Breeding, 2015Co-Authors: Anima Mahato, H. K. ChaudharyAbstract:Intergeneric hybridization in seven diverse durum wheat genotypes was carried out using two composite varieties of Himalayan maize, viz., Bajaura Makka and Early Composite, and a wild grass, Imperata cylindrica, as pollen sources. Observations related to various haploid induction parameters put forth I. cylindrica as significantly better pollen source for haploid induction in durum wheat over maize in terms of pseudoseed formation (46.93%), embryo formation (38.06%), haploid regeneration (40.42%) and haploid formation efficiency (7.44%). The line x tester analysis revealed that both male and female genotypes had significant effects on all haploid induction parameters except haploid formation frequency in later. Among the pollen sources, I. cylindrica emerged as best combiner based on GCA values when compared with the two Himalayan maize composites. Durum wheat genotype, A-9-30-1 was recognized as the best general combiner followed by PDW 314. The present investigation proposed durum wheat × I. cylindrica as a superior technique over maize-mediated system, and its large-scale use can open a new horizon in the sphere of durum wheat doubled Haploidy breeding programme.
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New frontiers in doubled Haploidy breeding in wheat
Agricultural Research Journal, 2015Co-Authors: H. K. Chaudhary, Anila Badiyal, Navdeep S JamwalAbstract:Modern agricultural research is focused on the combination of genomes from diverse genetic backgrounds through wide hybridization for sustainable improvement of crop species. Recovery of stable hybrids in certain intergeneric crosses becomes sometimes cumbersome due to preferential uniparental chromosome elimination, a bane for the breeders. This chromosome elimination phenomenon has been turned out into boon through doubled Haploidy breeding enabling instant and proficient recovery of haploids and the homozygous recombinants from such crosses in a staple crop like wheat. Many approaches for haploid induction in wheat have been practiced across the world including gametogenic embryogenesis and wide hybridization with distant relatives or wild progenitors. Amongst wide hybridization approaches utilizing chromosome elimination technique in wheat, bulbosum approach took lead but failed due to its genotypic specificity and hence having limited application. Though wheat x maize system, exhibiting genotypic non-specificity, has been utilized for Haploidy breeding on large scale but it has failed to produce desirable results in wheat x rye as well as triticale x wheat derivatives. Lately, Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach has emerged as an highly efficient alternative to the previous approaches for haploid induction in wheat. The invention of this approach has recorded a striking success not only in wheat, but has also succeeded in inducing appreciable number of haploids in wheat x rye and triticale x wheat derivatives as well as in the durum wheat. The novel tools like GISH and FISH of the molecular cytogenetic approach were used to identify, detect and track the elimination of the I. cylindrica chromosomes in wheat x I. cylindrica hybrids at different stages of the mitotic division which enunciated quick elimination of the chromosomes in the first division and attributed to higher recovery of the haploid embryos. The first doubled haploid wheat variety of the country named Him Pratham has been developed and released by utilizing the chromosome elimination approach of doubled Haploidy breeding. Many innovative protocols of chromosome elimination approach were further developed for enhancing the haploid induction efficiency manifolds. The present article reviews various haploid induction approaches being undertaken across the globe and assesses them on account of their haploid induction efficiency in wheat.
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Proportional Contribution and Potential of Maternal and Paternal Genotypes for Polyhaploid Induction in Wheat × Imperata cylindrica Chromosome Elimination Approach
Cereal Research Communications, 2014Co-Authors: S. A. Rather, H. K. Chaudhary, V. KailaAbstract:The Imperata cylindrica -mediated chromosome elimination approach has been identified as the most efficient system of doubled Haploidy breeding in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The present investigation was carried out to assess the mean performance of diverse I. cylindrica genotypes (five) collected from different locations and wheat F_1s (21) generated out of various elite winter and spring wheat ecotypes. Also, the proportional contribution of wheat F_1s and I. cylindrica genotypes was evaluated to find out the relative contribution of maternal and paternal parents to haploid induction. The investigation revealed that the mean response of wheat and I. cylindrica to haploid induction parameters, viz. pseudoseed formation, embryo formation, haploid regeneration and haploid formation varies from wheat and I. cylindrica genotype to genotype. The I. cylindrica genotype, Ic-Aru from north east Himalayas and wheat genotype, DH 114 × KWS 29 exhibited highest mean performance to haploid embryo formation, the stage for which all the three contributors, that is, wheat F_1s, I. cylindrica genotypes and wheat × I. cylindrica interaction were found to be similar for their proportional contribution (%) towards haploid induction. Thus, concluding that the haploid induction through preferential chromosome elimination approaches can be enhanced by using more efficient pollinators.
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proportional contribution and potential of maternal and paternal genotypes for polyhaploid induction in wheat imperata cylindrica chromosome elimination approach
Cereal Research Communications, 2014Co-Authors: S. A. Rather, H. K. Chaudhary, V. KailaAbstract:The Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach has been identified as the most efficient system of doubled Haploidy breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present investigation was carried out to assess the mean performance of diverse I. cylindrica genotypes (five) collected from different locations and wheat F1s (21) generated out of various elite winter and spring wheat ecotypes. Also, the proportional contribution of wheat F1s and I. cylindrica genotypes was evaluated to find out the relative contribution of maternal and paternal parents to haploid induction. The investigation revealed that the mean response of wheat and I. cylindrica to haploid induction parameters, viz. pseudoseed formation, embryo formation, haploid regeneration and haploid formation varies from wheat and I. cylindrica genotype to genotype. The I. cylindrica genotype, Ic-Aru from north east Himalayas and wheat genotype, DH 114 × KWS 29 exhibited highest mean performance to haploid embryo formation, the stage...
Maria Antonietta Germanà - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Doubled haploid production in onion (Allium cepa L.): from gynogenesis to chromosome doubling
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2020Co-Authors: Patan Shaik Sha Valli Khan, Maria Antonietta Germanà, Gujjula Vijayalakshmi, Mondem Muni Raja, Mude Lakshmipathi Naik, Randal G. TerryAbstract:Bulb onion ( Allium cepa L.) is an allogamous diploid (2n = 16) important for its culinary uses, nutritional value, and medicinal benefits. Despite its economic importance, onion yields and bulb quality are declining, emphasizing the need for new and improved strategies for maintaining and enhancing overall crop quality. Development of inbred lines in onion through traditional breeding is often difficult due to its biennial life cycle, inbreeding depression, and comparatively high heterozygosities. Moreover, genetic research in onion has been hampered by large nuclear genome size. In this regard, gynogenic doubled haploids promise several advantages over inbred lines in support of onion breeding programs and genetic studies. These include complete homozygosity in doubled haploid lines, reduced DNA methylation, elimination of deleterious alleles, and amenability to genetic analysis. This review focuses on the application of in vitro gynogenesis for producing doubled haploids in onion. Factors influencing haploid induction, methods for inducing chromosome doubling and ploidy assessment, evaluation of haploid progenies and doubled haploid lines, and features of doubled haploids potentially useful in crop improvement and genetic studies, are discussed. We identify four major limitations to the success and efficiency of in vitro gynogenesis in onion and discuss strategies for mitigating the negative impacts they pose. This review may be useful to research programs producing doubled haploids in onion or other Allium species using in vitro gynogenesis. In onion, doubled haploids (DHs) were generated by gynogenesis using in vitro culturing of unfertilized ovules, ovaries or whole flowers. Genotype, geographical origin, photoperiodicity and genetic structure all affect gynogenic efficiency in onion. Despite higher doubling efficiencies, there are several disadvantages with induced chromosome doubling inlcuding low survival rates of explants, cytotoxicity, vitrification and polyploidization.
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Gametic embryogenesis and haploid technology as valuable support to plant breeding
Plant Cell Reports, 2011Co-Authors: Maria Antonietta GermanàAbstract:Plant breeding is focused on continuously increasing crop production to meet the needs of an ever-growing world population, improving food quality to ensure a long and healthy life and address the problems of global warming and environment pollution, together with the challenges of developing novel sources of biofuels. The breeders’ search for novel genetic combinations, with which to select plants with improved traits to satisfy both farmers and consumers, is endless. About half of the dramatic increase in crop yield obtained in the second half of the last century has been achieved thanks to the results of genetic improvement, while the residual advance has been due to the enhanced management techniques (pest and disease control, fertilization, and irrigation). Biotechnologies provide powerful tools for plant breeding, and among these ones, tissue culture, particularly haploid and doubled haploid technology, can effectively help to select superior plants. In fact, haploids (Hs), which are plants with gametophytic chromosome number, and doubled haploids (DHs), which are haploids that have undergone chromosome duplication, represent a particularly attractive biotechnological method to accelerate plant breeding. Currently, haploid technology, making possible through gametic embryogenesis the single-step development of complete homozygous lines from heterozygous parents, has already had a huge impact on agricultural systems of many agronomically important crops, representing an integral part in their improvement programmes. The aim of this review was to provide some background, recent advances, and future prospective on the employment of haploid technology through gametic embryogenesis as a powerful tool to support plant breeding.
S. A. Rather - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Proportional Contribution and Potential of Maternal and Paternal Genotypes for Polyhaploid Induction in Wheat × Imperata cylindrica Chromosome Elimination Approach
Cereal Research Communications, 2014Co-Authors: S. A. Rather, H. K. Chaudhary, V. KailaAbstract:The Imperata cylindrica -mediated chromosome elimination approach has been identified as the most efficient system of doubled Haploidy breeding in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The present investigation was carried out to assess the mean performance of diverse I. cylindrica genotypes (five) collected from different locations and wheat F_1s (21) generated out of various elite winter and spring wheat ecotypes. Also, the proportional contribution of wheat F_1s and I. cylindrica genotypes was evaluated to find out the relative contribution of maternal and paternal parents to haploid induction. The investigation revealed that the mean response of wheat and I. cylindrica to haploid induction parameters, viz. pseudoseed formation, embryo formation, haploid regeneration and haploid formation varies from wheat and I. cylindrica genotype to genotype. The I. cylindrica genotype, Ic-Aru from north east Himalayas and wheat genotype, DH 114 × KWS 29 exhibited highest mean performance to haploid embryo formation, the stage for which all the three contributors, that is, wheat F_1s, I. cylindrica genotypes and wheat × I. cylindrica interaction were found to be similar for their proportional contribution (%) towards haploid induction. Thus, concluding that the haploid induction through preferential chromosome elimination approaches can be enhanced by using more efficient pollinators.
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proportional contribution and potential of maternal and paternal genotypes for polyhaploid induction in wheat imperata cylindrica chromosome elimination approach
Cereal Research Communications, 2014Co-Authors: S. A. Rather, H. K. Chaudhary, V. KailaAbstract:The Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach has been identified as the most efficient system of doubled Haploidy breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present investigation was carried out to assess the mean performance of diverse I. cylindrica genotypes (five) collected from different locations and wheat F1s (21) generated out of various elite winter and spring wheat ecotypes. Also, the proportional contribution of wheat F1s and I. cylindrica genotypes was evaluated to find out the relative contribution of maternal and paternal parents to haploid induction. The investigation revealed that the mean response of wheat and I. cylindrica to haploid induction parameters, viz. pseudoseed formation, embryo formation, haploid regeneration and haploid formation varies from wheat and I. cylindrica genotype to genotype. The I. cylindrica genotype, Ic-Aru from north east Himalayas and wheat genotype, DH 114 × KWS 29 exhibited highest mean performance to haploid embryo formation, the stage...
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use of asynchrony in flowering for easy and economical polyhaploid induction in wheat following imperata cylindrica mediated chromosome elimination approach
Plant Breeding, 2013Co-Authors: H. K. Chaudhary, V. Kaila, Tisu Tayeng, S. A. RatherAbstract:Wheat × Imperata cylindrica-mediated approach of doubled Haploidy breeding requires hand emasculation followed by pollination with I. cylindrica pollen. The pace of this endeavour can be enhanced by utilizing asynchronous flowering of wheat spikes by direct pollination without emasculation followed by morphological marker–assisted screening of selfed and crossed seeds. The emasculated and un-emasculated spikes of 13 spring and six winter wheat genotypes and two triticale × wheat derivatives were pollinated with I. cylindrica pollen. The response of different genotypes for production of crossed and selfed seeds with direct pollination varied significantly within and between groups for spring and winter wheats, whereas triticale × wheat derivatives responded similarly to each other but significantly different from spring and winter wheats. Although, the proportion of pseudoseed formation was lower in case of direct pollination, yet in some genotypes, it was comparable to that of pollination after emasculation. Moreover, the response for haploid embryo induction frequency was similar in both the cases. The method of direct pollination can be utilized for easy and economical induction of haploids.
V. Kaila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Proportional Contribution and Potential of Maternal and Paternal Genotypes for Polyhaploid Induction in Wheat × Imperata cylindrica Chromosome Elimination Approach
Cereal Research Communications, 2014Co-Authors: S. A. Rather, H. K. Chaudhary, V. KailaAbstract:The Imperata cylindrica -mediated chromosome elimination approach has been identified as the most efficient system of doubled Haploidy breeding in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The present investigation was carried out to assess the mean performance of diverse I. cylindrica genotypes (five) collected from different locations and wheat F_1s (21) generated out of various elite winter and spring wheat ecotypes. Also, the proportional contribution of wheat F_1s and I. cylindrica genotypes was evaluated to find out the relative contribution of maternal and paternal parents to haploid induction. The investigation revealed that the mean response of wheat and I. cylindrica to haploid induction parameters, viz. pseudoseed formation, embryo formation, haploid regeneration and haploid formation varies from wheat and I. cylindrica genotype to genotype. The I. cylindrica genotype, Ic-Aru from north east Himalayas and wheat genotype, DH 114 × KWS 29 exhibited highest mean performance to haploid embryo formation, the stage for which all the three contributors, that is, wheat F_1s, I. cylindrica genotypes and wheat × I. cylindrica interaction were found to be similar for their proportional contribution (%) towards haploid induction. Thus, concluding that the haploid induction through preferential chromosome elimination approaches can be enhanced by using more efficient pollinators.
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proportional contribution and potential of maternal and paternal genotypes for polyhaploid induction in wheat imperata cylindrica chromosome elimination approach
Cereal Research Communications, 2014Co-Authors: S. A. Rather, H. K. Chaudhary, V. KailaAbstract:The Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome elimination approach has been identified as the most efficient system of doubled Haploidy breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present investigation was carried out to assess the mean performance of diverse I. cylindrica genotypes (five) collected from different locations and wheat F1s (21) generated out of various elite winter and spring wheat ecotypes. Also, the proportional contribution of wheat F1s and I. cylindrica genotypes was evaluated to find out the relative contribution of maternal and paternal parents to haploid induction. The investigation revealed that the mean response of wheat and I. cylindrica to haploid induction parameters, viz. pseudoseed formation, embryo formation, haploid regeneration and haploid formation varies from wheat and I. cylindrica genotype to genotype. The I. cylindrica genotype, Ic-Aru from north east Himalayas and wheat genotype, DH 114 × KWS 29 exhibited highest mean performance to haploid embryo formation, the stage...
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use of asynchrony in flowering for easy and economical polyhaploid induction in wheat following imperata cylindrica mediated chromosome elimination approach
Plant Breeding, 2013Co-Authors: H. K. Chaudhary, V. Kaila, Tisu Tayeng, S. A. RatherAbstract:Wheat × Imperata cylindrica-mediated approach of doubled Haploidy breeding requires hand emasculation followed by pollination with I. cylindrica pollen. The pace of this endeavour can be enhanced by utilizing asynchronous flowering of wheat spikes by direct pollination without emasculation followed by morphological marker–assisted screening of selfed and crossed seeds. The emasculated and un-emasculated spikes of 13 spring and six winter wheat genotypes and two triticale × wheat derivatives were pollinated with I. cylindrica pollen. The response of different genotypes for production of crossed and selfed seeds with direct pollination varied significantly within and between groups for spring and winter wheats, whereas triticale × wheat derivatives responded similarly to each other but significantly different from spring and winter wheats. Although, the proportion of pseudoseed formation was lower in case of direct pollination, yet in some genotypes, it was comparable to that of pollination after emasculation. Moreover, the response for haploid embryo induction frequency was similar in both the cases. The method of direct pollination can be utilized for easy and economical induction of haploids.
Marielaure Guillemin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differential frond growth in the isomorphic haploid diploid red seaweed agarophyton chilense by long term in situ monitoring
Journal of Phycology, 2021Co-Authors: Vasco M N C S Vieira, Aschwin H Engelen, Oscar R Huanel, Marielaure GuilleminAbstract:Conditional differentiation between haploids and diploids has been proposed to drive the evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life cycles. The cost of producing and maintaining genetic information has been posed as a possible driver of this conditional differentiation. Under this hypothesis, haploids benefit over diploids in resource-limited environments by halving the costs of producing and maintaining DNA. Spared resources can be allocated to enhance survival, growth or fertility. Here we test in the field whether indeed haploids have higher growth rates than diploids. Individuals of the red seaweed Agarophyton chilense, were mapped and followed during 2 years with 4-month census intervals across different stands within the Valdivia River estuary, Chile. As hypothesized, haploids grew larger and faster than diploids, but this was sex-dependent. Haploid (gametophyte) females grew twice as large and 15% faster than diploids (tetrasporophytes), whereas haploid males only grew as large and as fast as the maximum obtained by diploids in summer. However, haploid males maintained their maximum sizes and growth rates constant year-round, while diploids were smaller and had lower growth rates during the winter. In conclusion, our results confirm the conditional differentiation in size and growth between haploids and diploids but also identified important differences between males and females. Besides understanding life cycle evolution, the dynamics of A. chilense frond growth reported informs algal farmers regarding production optimization and should help in determining best planting and harvesting strategies.
