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Oliver Schildgen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Respiratory infections of the Human Bocavirus
    The Microbiology of Respiratory System Infections, 2016
    Co-Authors: Oliver Schildgen, Verena Schildgen
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Human Bocavirus is one of the most common respiratory viruses and occurs in all age groups. It is associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, and causes clinical symptoms from the mild common cold to life threatening respiratory diseases. Besides its ability to persist the virus appears to trigger chronic lung disease and increase the clinical symptoms, while being a putative trigger for fibrotic lung diseases. Laboratory diagnostics should include serological diagnostics in order to rule out a viremia because due to prolonged viral shedding acute and chronic infections cannot be differentiated on the detection of viral nucleic acids in respiratory specimen alone. Although Koch’s postulates cannot be formally fulfilled due to the lack of an animal model and the chance for clinical trials with volunteers are limited due to the long term effects of HBoV infections, there is no doubt that the virus is a serious pathogen and requires attention. The aim of the chapter is to present an overview of our current knowledge on respiratory infections with the Human Bocavirus, and to provide basic and essential information on clinical features, molecular diagnostics, and epidemiologic challenges arising with this pathogen.

  • the Human Bocavirus is associated with some lung and colorectal cancers and persists in solid tumors
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Verena Schildgen, Monika Malecki, Ramonaliza Tillmann, Michael Brockmann, Oliver Schildgen
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus is the second autonomous Human parvovirus with assumed pathogenic potential. Other parvoviruses are known to persist and even integrate into the host genome, eventually contributing to the multi-step development of cancer. Human Bocavirus also persists in an unknown percentage of clinically asymptomatic patients in addition to those with primary infection. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of Human Bocavirus in lung and colorectal cancers. Therefore, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, archived tumor samples were screened for Human Bocavirus DNA by PCR, Southern blotting, and sequencing. Positive tissues were further subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to specifically detect Human Bocavirus DNA in the infected cells. In total, 11 of the 60 (18.3%) lung and 9 of the 44 (20.5%) colorectal tumors tested positive for Human Bocavirus DNA by PCR and were confirmed by sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Thus, Human Bocavirus DNA is present in the nuclei of infected cells, in either single or multiple copies, and appears to form concatemers. The occurrence of these Human Bocavirus DNA structures supports the existence of the postulated σ- or rolling-hairpin replication mechanism. Moreover, the fluorescence in situ hybridization patterns inspired the hypothesis that Human Bocavirus DNA either persists as cccDNA or is integrated into the host genome. This finding suggests that this virus may indirectly contribute to the development of some colorectal and lung cancers, as do other DNA viruses, such as the Human hepatitis B virus, or may play an active role in cancer by interacting with the host genome.

  • Human Bocavirus: Lessons Learned to Date
    Pathogens (Basel Switzerland), 2013
    Co-Authors: Oliver Schildgen
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus (HBoV) was identified as the second Human parvovirus with pathogenic potential in 2005 in respiratory samples from children suffering from viral respiratory infections of unknown etiology. Since its first description, a large number of clinical studies have been performed that address the clinical significance of HBoV detection and the molecular biology of the virus. This review summarizes the most important steps taken in HBoV research to date and addresses open questions that need to be answered in the future to provide a better understanding of the role of a virus that is difficult to grow in cell culture and is suspected to be a pathogen, although it has not yet fulfilled Koch’s postulates.

  • severe Human Bocavirus infection germany
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011
    Co-Authors: Robert Walter Korner, Monika Malecki, Maria Soderlundvenermo, Silke Van Koningsbruggenrietschel, Rolf Kaiser, Oliver Schildgen
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus (HBoV), discovered in 2005, can cause respiratory disease or no symptoms at all. We confi rmed HBoV infection in an 8-month-old girl with hypoxia, respiratory distress, wheezing, cough, and fever. This case demonstrates that lower respiratory tract infection caused by HBoV can lead to severe and life-threatening disease.

  • Human Bocavirus: still more questions than answers
    Future Virology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Monika Malecki, Verena Schildgen, Oliver Schildgen
    Abstract:

    The Human Bocavirus was first detected in 2005 and since then has been found in both respiratory secretions from patients with airway infections and in stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis. Meanwhile, four different genotypes have been identified that most likely derive from recombination events. Although the modified Koch’s postulates have not yet been fulfilled completely, owing to the lack of an animal model or a simple cell culture system, there is increasing evidence that the Human Bocaviruses are serious participants in infectious diseases of the respiratory and the GI tracts. This article reviews the current status of the clinical features of Human Bocaviruses and provides an overview of the latest findings concerning the biology, phylogeny, epidemiology and diagnostic tools related to Human Bocaviruses. Furthermore, it discusses the potential pathogenicity of Human Bocavirus, as well as its persistence and reactivation in hosts.

Tobias Allander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • life threatening respiratory tract disease with Human Bocavirus 1 infection in a 4 year old child
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Niklas Edner, Paul Castillorodas, Maria Soderlundvenermo, Lars Falk, Klaus Hedman, Tobias Allander
    Abstract:

    The disease spectrum associated with Human Bocavirus-1 infection remains to be fully defined. We report a case of Bocavirus-1-associated bronchiolitis, leading to severe respiratory failure and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a 4-year-old child, and suggest blood testing for Human Bocavirus-1 in children with severe respiratory tract infection.

  • No efficacy of prednisolone in acute wheezing associated with Human Bocavirus infection.
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tuomas Jartti, Tobias Allander, Tytti Vuorinen, Maria Söderlund-venermo, Klaus Hedman, Olli Ruuskanen
    Abstract:

    The efficacy of prednisolone in acute wheezing associated with Human Bocavirus infection was investigated in 232 hospitalized children (median age, 1.6 years). Clinical history, atopy status, and viral etiology were carefully studied. Outcomes included hospitalization time, duration of symptoms, and occurrence of relapses. No efficacy of prednisolone was found in children with serologically confirmed acute Human Bocavirus infection.

  • Hepatitis and Human Bocavirus primary infection in a child with T-cell deficiency
    Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Leena Kainulainen, Tobias Allander, Maria Söderlund-venermo, Matti Waris, Klaus Hedman, Olli Ruuskanen
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is one of the recently identified respiratory viruses. The clinical features of HBoV infection have not yet been fully elucidated. We report an invasive HBoV infection and hepatitis in a boy with cartilage-hair hypoplasia and severe T-cell immunodeficiency.

  • Human Bocavirus in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Minna Koskenvuo, Tobias Allander, Matti Waris, Merja Mottonen, Toivo T Salmi, Olli Ruuskanen
    Abstract:

    A new Human parvovirus, Human Bocavirus, has recently been identified in respiratory secretions, feces and serum. It is associated with lower and most likely also upper respiratory tract infections. Most commonly reported symptoms are cough, rhinorrhea, expiratory wheezing and fever, and the virus is preferentially detected in young children. We report three children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had acute febrile episodes with concomitant detection of Human Bocavirus in their respiratory secretions. One of them had five consecutive febrile episodes during 6 months, all associated with the presence of Human Bocavirus at varying viral loads, suggesting prolonged shedding or reactivation of the virus.

  • Human Bocavirus.
    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Tobias Allander
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus (HBoV) was first described in 2005 in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with respiratory tract infection. Multiple studies have confirmed the presence of HBoV in respiratory tract samples of children world-wide. HBoV has recently also been detected in blood and fecal samples. Most studies so far have studied virus prevalence, and only a few reports provide data regarding the linkage of HBoV to disease. These reports indicate that HBoV infection is indeed associated with acute respiratory tract symptoms, but also that HBoV may persist in the respiratory tract for a longer time than other respiratory agents, resulting in frequent detection of low load HBoV carriage. This phenomenon has complicated the use of PCR diagnostics, which has been the only available diagnostic method. Development of alternative diagnostic strategies such as serology will be important for future studies of HBoV and its association with disease.

Maria Söderlund-venermo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Acute Human Bocavirus 1 infection in child with life-threatening bilateral bronchiolitis and right-sided pneumonia: a case report
    Journal of medical case reports, 2019
    Co-Authors: Inga Ziemele, Maria Söderlund-venermo, Klaus Hedman, Anda Vilmane, Santa Rasa-dzelzkaleja, Lea Hedman, Zaiga Nora-krukle, Modra Murovska, Dace Gardovska
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus 1 is a commonly detected Human parvovirus. Many studies have shown Human Bocavirus 1 as a pathogen in association with acute respiratory tract infections in children. However, because Human Bocavirus 1 persists in the upper airways for extensive time periods after acute infection, the definition and diagnostics of acute Human Bocavirus 1 infection is challenging. Until now, detection of Human Bocavirus 1 exclusively, high viral load in respiratory samples, and viremia have been associated with a clinical picture of acute respiratory illness. There are no studies showing detection of Human Bocavirus 1 messenger ribonucleic acid in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a diagnostic marker for acute lower respiratory tract infection. We report the case of a 17-month-old Latvian boy who presented in intensive care unit with acute bilateral bronchiolitis, with a history of rhinorrhea and cough for 6 days and fever for the last 2 days prior to admission, followed by severe respiratory distress and tracheal intubation. Human Bocavirus 1 was the only respiratory virus detected by a qualitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel. For the diagnosis of acute Human Bocavirus 1 infection, both molecular and serological approaches were used. Human Bocavirus 1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected simultaneously in nasopharyngeal aspirate, stool, and blood, as well as in the corresponding cell-free blood plasma by qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, revealing high DNA-copy numbers in nasopharyngeal aspirate and stool. Despite a low-load viremia, Human Bocavirus 1 messenger ribonucleic acid was found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. For detection of Human Bocavirus 1-specific antibodies, non-competitive immunoglobulin M and competitive immunoglobulin G enzyme immunoassays were used. The plasma was positive for both Human Bocavirus 1-specific immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies. The presence of Human Bocavirus 1 genomic DNA in blood plasma and Human Bocavirus 1 messenger ribonucleic acid in peripheral blood mononuclear cells together with Human Bocavirus 1-specific immunoglobulin M are markers of acute Human Bocavirus 1 infection that may cause life-threatening acute bronchiolitis.

  • Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Human Bocavirus 1 in an Infant.
    The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Vesa Eskola, Maria Söderlund-venermo
    Abstract:

    We report a case of Human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) bronchiolitis that led to life-threatening respiratory failure in a 9-month-old boy with no other pathogens detected. The virus-specific diagnosis was confirmed with the detection of HBoV1 DNA in respiratory samples and both DNA and IgM and IgG to HBoV1 in serum samples.

  • Primary and secondary Human Bocavirus 1 infections in a family, Finland.
    Emerging infectious diseases, 2013
    Co-Authors: Alma Jula, Maria Söderlund-venermo, Matti Waris, Klaus Hedman, Kalle Kantola, Ville Peltola, Olli Ruuskanen
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) was detected in a young child hospitalized for pneumonia and subsequently in his twin brother and other family members. The mother’s nasopharyngeal samples intermittently showed HBoV1 DNA; the grandmother had HBoV1 reinfection. Findings in this family lead to consideration of HBoV virulence, latency, and reactivation.

  • No efficacy of prednisolone in acute wheezing associated with Human Bocavirus infection.
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tuomas Jartti, Tobias Allander, Tytti Vuorinen, Maria Söderlund-venermo, Klaus Hedman, Olli Ruuskanen
    Abstract:

    The efficacy of prednisolone in acute wheezing associated with Human Bocavirus infection was investigated in 232 hospitalized children (median age, 1.6 years). Clinical history, atopy status, and viral etiology were carefully studied. Outcomes included hospitalization time, duration of symptoms, and occurrence of relapses. No efficacy of prednisolone was found in children with serologically confirmed acute Human Bocavirus infection.

  • Hepatitis and Human Bocavirus primary infection in a child with T-cell deficiency
    Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Leena Kainulainen, Tobias Allander, Maria Söderlund-venermo, Matti Waris, Klaus Hedman, Olli Ruuskanen
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is one of the recently identified respiratory viruses. The clinical features of HBoV infection have not yet been fully elucidated. We report an invasive HBoV infection and hepatitis in a boy with cartilage-hair hypoplasia and severe T-cell immunodeficiency.

Hideaki Kikuta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Miroslav Petrovec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 15 – Human Bocavirus
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tina Ursic, Miroslav Petrovec
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae, genus Bocavirus, is a recently described respiratory virus with a worldwide distribution. It is recognized as one of the most frequently detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized children below 5 years of age and mainly detected in children between 6 and 24 months of age. The severe clinical course of HBoV1 infection can be seen in prematurely born children or children, but rarely adults, with other underlying medical conditions. The seroepidemiological studies show that most of the children are infected with HBoV1 by the age of 6 and that the IgG antibodies remain for life. The routine laboratory diagnostics of HBoV1 infections is almost exclusively based on detection of HBoV1 DNA in respiratory samples by PCR. Due to frequent coinfections with other respiratory viruses, PCR of plasma samples and detection of specific IgM might aid in determining the etiology of infection.

  • Human Bocavirus (HBoV) - new parvovirus.
    Zdravniski Vestnik-slovenian Medical Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tina Ursic, Miroslav Petrovec
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus was discovered in 2005 in nasopharyngeal aspirates of Swedish children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). The virus is distributed worldwide. HBoV is detected in children with respiratory tract infection in children with acute gastroenteritis, it has also been reported in immunocompromised patients and in asymptomatic control groups. HBoV DNA was detected in respiratory samples as well as in stool samples, blood and urine. This article reports on HBoV, including biology and taxonomy, epidemiology, clinical presentations and laboratory diagnostics of HBoV. The pathogenesis and clinical significance of Human Bocavirus have not been fully explained yet.

  • Human Bocavirus (HBoV) – new parvovirus
    Zdravniski Vestnik-slovenian Medical Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tina Ursic, Miroslav Petrovec
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus was discovered in 2005 in nasopharyngeal aspirates of Swedish children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). The virus is distributed worldwide. HBoV is detected in children with respiratory tract infection in children with acute gastroenteritis, it has also been reported in immunocompromised patients and in asymptomatic control groups. HBoV DNA was detected in respiratory samples as well as in stool samples, blood and urine. This article reports on HBoV, including biology and taxonomy, epidemiology, clinical presentations and laboratory diagnostics of HBoV. The pathogenesis and clinical significance of Human Bocavirus have not been fully explained yet.

  • Human Bocavirus as the cause of a life threatening infection
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tina Ursic, Andrej Steyer, Gorazd Kalan, Silvester Kopriva, Uros Krivec, Miroslav Petrovec
    Abstract:

    Human Bocavirus is a recently described respiratory pathogen. A case of a life-threatening Human Bocavirus infection of a previously healthy pediatric patient is described. An initial clinical presentation of acute bronchiolitis developed into an extremely severe course of disease characterized by pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and acute respiratory failure with pronounced air-leak syndrome.