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Tim Bogg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing theory of planned behavior and neo socioanalytic theory models of trait activity Industriousness exercise social cognitions exercise intentions and physical activity in a representative u s sample
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Tim BoggAbstract:Prior research identified assorted relations between trait and social cognition models of personality and engagement in physical activity. Using a representative U.S. sample (N = 957), the goal of the present study was to test two alternative structural models of the relationships among the extraversion-related facet of activity, the conscientiousness-related facet of Industriousness, social cognitions from the Theory of Planned Behavior (perceived behavioral control, affective attitudes, subjective norms, intentions), Social Cognitive Theory (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies), and the Transtheoretical Model (behavioral processes of change), and engagement in physical activity. Path analyses with bootstrapping procedures were used to model direct and indirect effects of trait and social cognition constructs on physical activity through two distinct frameworks – the Theory of Planned Behavior and Neo-Socioanalytic Theory. While both models showed good internal fit, comparative model information criteria showed the Theory-of-Planned-Behavior-informed model provided a better fit. In the model, social cognitions fully mediated the relationships from the activity facet and Industriousness to intentions for and engagement in physical activity, such that the relationships were primarily maintained by positive affective evaluations, positive expected outcomes, and confidence in overcoming barriers related to physical activity engagement. The resultant model – termed the Disposition-Belief-Motivation model – is proposed as a useful framework for organizing and integrating personality trait facets and social cognitions from various theoretical perspectives to investigate the expression of health-related behaviors, such as physical activity. Moreover, the results are discussed in terms of extending the application of the Disposition-Belief-Motivation model to longitudinal and intervention designs for physical activity engagement.
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not all conscientiousness scales change alike a multimethod multisample study of age differences in the facets of conscientiousness
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Joshua J Jackson, Tim Bogg, Kate E Walton, Dustin Wood, Peter D Harms, Jennifer Lodismith, Grant W Edmonds, Brent W RobertsAbstract:Previous research has shown that traits from the domain of conscientiousness tend to increase with age. However, previous research has not tested whether all aspects of conscientiousness change with age. The present research tests age differences in multiple facets of conscientiousness (Industriousness, orderliness, impulse control, reliability, and conventionality) using multiple methods and multiple samples. In a community sample (N = 274) and a representative statewide sample (N = 613) of 18- to 94-year-olds, self-reported Industriousness, impulse control, and reliability showed age differences from early adulthood to middle age, whereas orderliness did not. The transition into late adulthood was characterized by increases in impulse control, reliability, and conventionality. In contrast, age differences in observer-rated personality occurred mainly in older adulthood. Age differences held across both ethnicity and levels of socioeconomic status.
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conscientiousness the transtheoretical model of change and exercise a neo socioanalytic integration of trait and social cognitive frameworks in the prediction of behavior
Journal of Personality, 2008Co-Authors: Tim BoggAbstract:Relationships between conscientiousness-related traits and transtheoretical model (TTM) of change constructs, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise behavior were examined in college and community samples (N=566). Measures of the conscientiousness-related traits of conventionality and Industriousness were expected to show positive relations with measures of exercise behavior stage location, processes of exercise behavior change, endorsing the benefits of exercise behavior (i.e., decisional balance), exercise self-efficacy, and self-reported exercise behavior. In addition, based on Neo-Socioanalytic Theory (Roberts & Wood, 2006) an intervening role was predicted for TTM constructs and exercise self-efficacy in the relationship between conscientiousness-related traits and exercise behavior stage location. The results showed Industriousness (being hardworking) to be the most robust conscientiousness-related predictor of stage location, processes of change, endorsing the benefits of exercise behavior, and exercise self-efficacy. Mediation analyses showed the relationship between Industriousness and exercise behavior stage location to be fully accounted for by select processes of change and exercise self-efficacy scales. The results are discussed in terms of a useful integration of trait and social-cognitive approaches to exercise behavior, with an emphasis on the role of Industriousness as an important individual difference factor therein.
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a lexical investigation of the lower order structure of conscientiousness
Journal of Research in Personality, 2004Co-Authors: Brent W Roberts, Tim Bogg, Kate E Walton, Oleksandr S Chernyshenko, Stephen StarkAbstract:A principal components analysis of lexically derived trait adjectives was performed to investigate the lower-order factor structure of conscientiousness (N=1675). A solution with eight substantive components fit the data best and showed good reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. The eight components were labeled reliability, orderliness, impulse control, decisiveness, punctuality, formalness, conventionality, and Industriousness. The relevance of the structure to previous lexical research and existing personality inventories is discussed.
Craig Muldrew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food, Energy and the Creation of Industriousness: Work and Material Culture in Agrarian England, 1550 1780
2011Co-Authors: Craig MuldrewAbstract:1. Introduction 2. What did the poor eat? 3. Calories consumed by the poor 4. Labourers' household goods 5. Work and household earnings 6. Agricultural labour and the industrious revolution 7. 'Honest' and 'industrious' labourers? Conclusion.
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food energy and the creation of Industriousness work and material culture in agrarian england 1550 1780
2011Co-Authors: Craig MuldrewAbstract:Until the widespread harnessing of machine energy, food was the energy which fuelled the economy. In this groundbreaking 2011 study of agricultural labourers' diet and material standard of living, Craig Muldrew uses empirical research to present a much fuller account of the interrelationship between consumption, living standards and work in the early modern English economy than has previously existed. The book integrates labourers into a study of the wider economy and engages with the history of food as an energy source and its importance to working life, the social complexity of family earnings, and the concept of the 'industrious revolution'. It argues that 'Industriousness' was as much the result of ideology and labour markets as labourers' household consumption. Linking this with ideas about the social order of early modern England, the author demonstrates that bread, beer and meat were the petrol of this world, and a springboard for economic change.
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food energy and the creation of Industriousness honest and industrious labourers
2011Co-Authors: Craig MuldrewAbstract:And hence must arise a kind of Competition amongst the people who shall farm or purchase Land, when the Revenue of Land is certain, and grows higher daily, as the Treasure and People increase, which must cause Land to rise as well in the years' purchase, as in the years' value; nay, the very Earth must receive an inevitable Improvement by their Industrious numbers, whilst every one will be able and willing to possess and manure a greater or lesser part, according to his occasions; there is hardly any Land in England but may be improved to double the value, and very much to treble and more. William Petyt, Britannia Languens or a Discourse on Trade The main spur to Trade, or rather to Industry and Ingenuity, is the exorbitant Appetites of Men, which they will take pains to gratifie, and so be disposed to work, when nothing else will incline them to it; for did Men content themselves with bare Necessaries, we should have a poor World. The Glutton works hard to purchase Delicacies, wherewith to gorge himself; the Gamester, for Money to venture at Play; the Miser, to hoard; and so others. Now in their pursuit of those Appetites, other Men less exorbitant are benefitted; and tho' it may be thought few profit by the Miser, yet it will be found otherwise … for if he labours with his own hands, his Labour is very beneficial to them who imploy him; if he doth not work, but profit by the Work of others, then those he sets on work have benefit by their being employed. […]
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food energy and the creation of Industriousness work and household earnings
2011Co-Authors: Craig MuldrewAbstract:Memorandum that every one of these [servants] spent me in meat and drinke … one with another another xii l. a piece & a little above. Soe that I judge it were good (in such deare years) to keep as few servantes as a man possibly can, by any meannes convenient. To effect which I know no other meannes, but by putting forth a mans land to tillage, or at a rent, or else keeping them [the servants] at borde wages. We have seen that labourers had to consume a lot of calories to do their work, and also that English agriculture generally supplied enough food in most years to maintain this consumption. In addition to this, most families managed to increase the value of their household goods as the price of food rose in the early seventeenth century. We now need to consider how labouring families afforded to feed themselves at such levels on the wages labourers were paid, especially when there was such a marked preference for foods which were more expensive per calorie such as wheaten bread, beer and meat. This is especially problematic for the period from 1550 to 1650, when nominal wages lagged significantly behind rising food prices. As we saw in chapter 1, the most important work on estimating changes in real wages has been done by Phelps Brown and Hopkins and more recently by Gregory Clark.
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food energy and the creation of Industriousness calories consumed by labourers
2011Co-Authors: Craig MuldrewAbstract:Let such have ynough That follow the plough . Give servant no dainties, but give him ynough, Too many chaps walking, do beggar the plough Poor seggons halfe starved, worke faintly and dull And lubbers doo loiter, their bellies too full. Thomas Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry , 1573 You may not exede this proporcon whiche although it be slender yet yt wilbe sufficient. Order for the Diet at the House of Correction at Westminster, 1561 In the last chapter many examples were given of the amount of beer, meat and other foods eaten by labourers. Here I will focus specifically on contemporary examples of actual daily diets, and the number of calories they provided. This will be done in order to judge how much food was available to perform the work needed to power the agricultural economy. A wide range of household accounts from the mid-sixteenth to the end of the eighteenth century survive which have information on food served to servants and day labourers. These will be analysed to determine how many calories were eaten on a daily basis by labourers. In addition, prescribed institutional accounts for soldiers and for inmates in houses of correction, workhouses and hospitals will also be looked at. However, apart from the diet provided by Jacob Vanderlint for a London labourer and his family in the mid-eighteenth century there are no earlier diets for entire labouring families comparable to Eden and Davies.
Mats Olsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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men at work wages and Industriousness in southern sweden 1500 1850
Scandinavian Economic History Review, 2020Co-Authors: Kathryn Gary, Mats OlssonAbstract:In his classic works on the industrious revolution, Jan de Vries argues that demand for new consumer goods trigged eighteenth century Europeans to work more. This implies that industrious behaviour...
Osamu Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an industrious revolution in an east asian market economy tokugawa japan and implications for the great divergence
Australian Economic History Review, 2010Co-Authors: Osamu SaitoAbstract:This paper addresses a question raised by Jan de Vries' on the relationship between Industriousness and the rise of the market in East Asia. Was the growing Industriousness in Tokugawa Japan, as de Vries suggests, a substitute ‘for the absence of markets’? The examination refers to two versions of Chayanov's peasant farm model and their empirical relevance to the Tokugawa agrarian history, with special reference to the formation of labour-intensive peasant farming (Akira Hayami's version of an industrious revolution), product specialisation, and the markets for production factors, land, and labour. Its implications for the Great Divergence debate are also discussed.
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an industrious revolution in an east asian market economy tokugawa japan and implications for the great divergence
Australian Economic History Review, 2010Co-Authors: Osamu SaitoAbstract:This paper addresses a question raised by Jan de Vries' on the relationship between Industriousness and the rise of the market in East Asia. Was the growing Industriousness in Tokugawa Japan, as de Vries suggests, a substitute 'for the absence of markets'? The examination refers to two versions of Chayanov's peasant farm model and their empirical relevance to the Tokugawa agrarian history, with special reference to the formation of labour-intensive peasant farming (Akira Hayami's version of an industrious revolution), product specialisation, and the markets for production factors, land, and labour. Its implications for the Great Divergence debate are also discussed. Copyright 2010 The Author. Australian Economic History Review Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd and the Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand 2010 .
Kathryn Gary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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men at work wages and Industriousness in southern sweden 1500 1850
Scandinavian Economic History Review, 2020Co-Authors: Kathryn Gary, Mats OlssonAbstract:In his classic works on the industrious revolution, Jan de Vries argues that demand for new consumer goods trigged eighteenth century Europeans to work more. This implies that industrious behaviour...