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Jesse R. Cougle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interpretation Bias modification versus progressive muscle relaxation for social anxiety disorder a web based controlled trial
Behavior Therapy, 2020Co-Authors: Jesse R. Cougle, Berta J. Summers, Natalie L Wilver, Taylor N Day, Sarah A Okey, Corinne N. CarltonAbstract:Computerized Interpretation Bias modification (IBM) programs show promise for the treatment of anxiety disorders, though they have rarely been compared to active treatments. The goal of the present study was to compare the efficacy of IBM to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Sixty-four participants with SAD were recruited from across the United States and randomly assigned to 8 internet-delivered twice-weekly sessions of IBM or PMR. Participants were administered assessments of primary symptom outcomes and interpersonal suicide risk factors at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up. IBM led to significantly lower negative Interpretation Bias than PMR at posttreatment but not follow-up. Both conditions experienced comparable reductions in social anxiety from pretreatment to follow-up (IBM d = 1.37, PMR d = 1.28). They also experienced significant reductions in depression and general anxiety that did not differ from one another. Additionally, IBM led to greater reductions in thwarted belongingness than PMR at posttreatment but not follow-up. Overall, these findings suggest IBM is not more effective than PMR for reducing social anxiety, though there was some evidence of its superiority in decreasing suicide risk. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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an internet based controlled trial of Interpretation Bias modification versus progressive muscle relaxation for body dysmorphic disorder
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Natalie L Wilver, Jesse R. CougleAbstract:OBJECTIVE The current study extended upon previous research efforts by evaluating the utility and feasibility of an 8-session Internet-based Interpretation Bias modification (IBM) training protocol targeting evaluation- and appearance-related threat Biases characteristic of the disorder compared to a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) condition for treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). METHOD Fifty participants with BDD were recruited from across the United States and randomly assigned to eight sessions of either IBM or PMR. Assessments of Interpretation Bias, BDD symptoms, depression, and anxiety were administered at pretreatment, 1-week posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Compared to the PMR group, individuals in the IBM condition reported less negative/threat Interpretation Biases and greater positive/benign Interpretation Biases at posttreatment and follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to BDD symptoms, depression, or anxiety. Clinically significant improvement was common in both conditions (IBM = 64.0%; PMR = 52.0%), though it did not differ between them. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, IBM did not outperform PMR with regard to BDD symptom reduction, though both treatments yielded significant improvements on symptom outcomes. Findings suggest that IBM and/or PMR may be promising treatment strategies for BDD, perhaps adjunctively. Overall, these findings provide helpful future directions for IBM research and provide an additional lens through which to examine its potential effectiveness for BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Predictors of Symptom Outcome in Interpretation Bias Modification for Dysphoria
Behavior therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Hillary L. Smith, Katherine A. Mcdermott, Corinne N. Carlton, Jesse R. CougleAbstract:Abstract Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) interventions have been effective in reducing negative Interpretation Biases theorized to underlie depressive psychopathology. Although these programs have been highlighted as potential short-term interventions for depression, mixed evidence has been found for their effects on depressive symptoms. There is a need to examine attitudes towards training as well as individual difference factors that may impact symptom outcomes for IBM depression interventions. Seventy-two dysphoric young adults were randomly assigned to receive either an IBM targeting negative Interpretation Bias in personal evaluations or interpersonal situations or a healthy video control (HVC) condition. Compared to those who received HVC, participants in the IBM condition reported lower negative Interpretation Bias at posttreatment. No differences between conditions were found for symptom outcomes. Greater perceived treatment credibility and expectancy were associated with better treatment outcomes for both the IBM and HVC groups. Within the IBM group, a greater tendency toward assimilation with treatment scenarios was significantly associated with better treatment outcomes for both depressive and anger symptoms. This effect was unique from treatment credibility and expectancy. Pretreatment psychological reactance did not predict treatment response for either condition. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Modification of Hostile Interpretation Bias in Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Behavior therapy, 2017Co-Authors: Hillary L. Smith, Kirsten H. Dillon, Jesse R. CougleAbstract:Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) is gaining attention in the literature as an intervention that alters cognitive Biases and reduces associated symptoms. Forty, primarily college-aged, non-treatment-seeking adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) were randomly assigned to receive either IBM targeting hostile Interpretation Bias (IBM-H) or a healthy video control (HVC) condition. Compared to those in HVC, participants in IBM-H reported more benign Interpretations and fewer hostile Interpretations at posttreatment. No difference in depressive Interpretation Bias was found between groups at posttreatment. IBM-H led to improved anger control at posttreatment and follow-up compared to HVC, though no effects of condition were found on trait anger or depressive symptoms. The IBM-H group perceived their treatment as less credible than the HVC group. For individuals with high expectancy of treatment success, IBM-H led to lower posttreatment depressive symptoms compared to HVC, while findings trended in the opposite direction for those with low expectancy of success. Overall, these preliminary findings point to boundary conditions for the efficacy of IBM protocols for anger and depression and potential improvements to be made to future IBM protocols.
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Hostile Interpretation Bias in depression.
Journal of affective disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Hillary L. Smith, Berta J. Summers, Kirsten H. Dillon, Richard J. Macatee, Jesse R. CougleAbstract:Abstract Background Research suggests an important relationship between Interpretation Bias, hostility and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Extant literature has yet to examine hostile Interpretation Bias in clinically depressed samples; the current studies sought to fill this gap. Method Study 1 participants included undergraduates who met criteria for MDD (n=36) or no anxiety or mood diagnosis (n=35). Each participant completed a structured clinical interview along with measures of depression, hostile Interpretation Bias, and trait hostility. In Study 2, a sample of treatment-seeking individuals with elevated trait anger completed measures of depression, hostile Interpretation Bias, and trait anger. Results Study 1 demonstrated that, relative to the non-depressed group, individuals with depression displayed greater hostile Interpretation Bias but comparable levels of trait hostility. In Study 2, greater hostile Interpretation Bias was associated with greater depressive symptoms, and this relationship was independent of co-occurring trait anger. Limitations The correlational nature of these studies precludes Interpretation of causal relationships between constructs. Additionally, replication of these results should be sought in a larger, more diverse sample. Conclusion Overall, the findings suggest hostile Interpretation Bias may play a unique role in depression and could be a treatable feature of interpersonal mechanisms maintaining MDD.
Colette R. Hirsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Repetitive negative thinking and Interpretation Bias in pregnancy
Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Colette R. Hirsch, Frances Meeten, Calum Gordon, Jill M. Newby, Debra Bick, Michelle L. MouldsAbstract:Background Repetitive negative thinking (RNT; e.g., worry about the future, rumination about the past) and the tendency to interpret ambiguous information in negative ways (Interpretation Bias) are cognitive processes that play a maintaining role in anxiety and depression, and recent evidence has demonstrated that Interpretation Bias maintains RNT. In the context of perinatal mental health, RNT has received minimal research attention (despite the fact that it predicts later anxiety and depression), and Interpretation Bias remains unstudied (despite evidence that it maintains depression and anxiety which are common in this period). Method We investigated the relationship between RNT, Interpretation Bias and psychopathology (depression, anxiety) in a pregnant sample (n = 133). We also recruited an age-matched sample of non-pregnant women (n = 104), to examine whether Interpretation Bias associated with RNT emerges for ambiguous stimuli regardless of its current personal relevance (i.e., pregnancy or non-pregnancy-related). Results As predicted, for pregnant women, negative Interpretation Bias, RNT, depression and anxiety were all positively associated. Interpretation Bias was evident to the same degree for material that was salient (pregnancy-related) and non-salient (general), and pregnant and non-pregnant women did not differ. RNT was associated with Interpretation Bias for all stimuli and across the full sample. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to further investigate the impact of Interpretation Bias in pregnant women, and test the effectiveness of interventions which promote positive Interpretations in reducing RNT in the perinatal period.
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effects of modifying Interpretation Bias on transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Colette R. Hirsch, Charlotte Krahé, Jessica Whyte, Sofia Loizou, Livia Bridge, Sam Norton, Andrew MathewsAbstract:Objective Repetitive negative thinking (RNT; e.g., worry and rumination) is common across emotional disorders, as is the tendency to generate negative Interpretations (Interpretation Bias). Ameliorating negative Interpretations via cognitive Bias modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) reduces worry/rumination, and improves mood in people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or depression. We investigated whether these findings generalize to high worry or rumination populations, irrespective of diagnosis, and whether effects are increased by enhancing emotional engagement with training with active generation of positive resolutions of ambiguity and imagery. Method Community volunteers with excessive worry and/or rumination, who were above clinical cut-off on anxiety and/or depression measures, were allocated to an active control condition (n = 54), Interpretation training condition with prior activation of RNT (CBM_RNT; n = 54), or training condition augmented with positive outcome generation and imagery (CBM_ENH; n = 53). Interpretation Bias, RNT, and mood were assessed before and following 10 Internet-based sessions completed within a 1-month period. RNT and mood questionnaires were also completed at 1-month follow-up. Results After training, both forms of CBM-I (vs. control) facilitated more positive Interpretations and reduced negative intrusions during a worry task. At 1-month follow-up, anxiety, depression, RNT, and worry in the past week were lower in the CBM-I than control conditions, but not rumination or trait worry. Compared with standard CBM-I, the augmented form facilitated more positive Interpretations, reduced negative intrusions after training, and reduced trait rumination at 1-month follow-up, but it did not augment effects on trait worry, anxiety or depression. Conclusions Interpretation Bias maintains transdiagnostic RNT and Internet-based CBM-I can reduce longer-term RNT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Using event-related potential and behavioural evidence to understand Interpretation Bias in relation to worry.
Biological psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Ya-chun Feng, Charlotte Krahé, Frances Meeten, Jennifer Y. F. Lau, Alexander Sumich, Colette R. HirschAbstract:Abstract The tendency to interpret ambiguous information in a consistent (e.g., negative) manner (Interpretation Bias) may maintain worry. This study explored whether high and low worriers generate different Interpretations and examined at which stages of information processing these Interpretations can occur. Participants completed Interpretation assessment tasks yielding behavioural and N400 event-related potential indices, which index whether a given Interpretation was generated. High worriers lacked the benign Interpretation Bias found in low worriers. This was evident for early “online” Interpretations (reflected in reaction times to relatedness judgments and lexical decisions, as well as at a neurophysiological level, N400, for lexical decisions only), to later “offline” Interpretations (observed at a behavioural level on the scenario task and recognition task) when participants had time for reflection. Results suggest that a benign Interpretation Bias may be a protective factor for low worriers, and that these Interpretations remain active across online and offline stages of processing.
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Modifying a negative Interpretation Bias for ambiguous social scenarios that depict the risk of rejection in women with anorexia nervosa.
Journal of affective disorders, 2017Co-Authors: Robert Turton, Valentina Cardi, Janet Treasure, Colette R. HirschAbstract:Abstract Background A heightened sensitivity to social rejection might contribute towards the interpersonal difficulties and symptoms that characterise Anorexia Nervosa (AN). This paper examines the effect of Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation Biases (CBM-I) training on a negative Interpretation Bias for ambiguous social scenarios that involve the risk of rejection and eating behaviour. Method Women with AN received a single session of CBM-I training to develop a more benign Interpretational style or a control condition (which included 50:50 negative and benign resolutions). To measure participant's Interpretation Bias for social stimuli, a sentence completion task was used pre and post-training (a near-transfer outcome measure). A test meal was given after the training and salivary cortisol (stress) levels were measured as far-transfer outcome measures. Results CBM-I training led to a significant reduction in a negative Interpretation Bias in both conditions. No effect on eating behaviour or stress was found, which may be expected as the training conditions did not significantly differ in Interpretation Bias change. Limitations The control condition may have inadvertently reduced a negative Interpretation Bias as it involved listening to benign resolutions to ambiguous social scenarios for 50% of the trials. Conclusions It is possible to modify a negative Interpretation Bias for social stimuli. To clarify the effect of CBM-I training on AN symptomatology, repeated, more intensive, and ecologically-valid training interventions may be required. This is because any change in eating behaviour may not be immediate, particularly in a population with a low body mass index and long-illness durations.
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The effects of modifying Interpretation Bias on worry in generalized anxiety disorder.
Behaviour research and therapy, 2009Co-Authors: Sarra Hayes, Colette R. Hirsch, Georgina Krebs, Andrew MathewsAbstract:This study investigated whether facilitating a benign interpretive Bias decreases negative thought intrusions in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Clients were randomly allocated to an Interpretation modification condition in which they repeatedly accessed benign meanings of emotionally ambiguous homographs and scenarios, or to a control condition in which they accessed threat and benign meanings with equal frequency. Worry frequency was assessed using a breathing focus task that involved categorising the valence of thought intrusions before and after an instructed worry period. Interpretation Bias was assessed during the modification tasks, and on a different measure of Interpretation Bias (sentence completion) following a period of worry. The experimental procedure modified Interpretations made during training, and in the later sentence completion task. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the benign group showed fewer negative thought intrusions during breathing focus (as rated by both participants and an assessor). These findings show that it is possible to induce a more benign interpretive Bias in GAD clients and that this reduces negative thought intrusions.
Peter Muris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental modification of Interpretation Bias regarding social and animal fear in children
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2011Co-Authors: Kathryn J Lester, Andy P. Field, Peter MurisAbstract:Using an experimental Bias modification task, an Interpretation Bias towards or away from threat was induced about animal or social situations in a sample of 103 children split into a young (7-10 years) and old age group (11-15 years). Children rapidly learned to select outcomes of ambiguous situations which were congruent with their assigned modification condition. Following positive modification, children's threat Interpretation Biases significantly decreased, while threat Biases increased (non-significantly) after negative modification. Bias modification effects also varied as a function of age with children appearing particularly vulnerable to acquiring Biases about stimuli that were congruent with the normative fears for their age group. Weak age-related modification-congruent effects on younger but not older children's anxiety vulnerability in response to a behavioral task were also observed. However, no consistent effects of Bias modification on avoidance behavior were found.
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A disgust mood state causes a negative Interpretation Bias, but not in the specific domain of body-related concerns.
Behaviour research and therapy, 2009Co-Authors: Birgit Mayer, Peter Muris, Karlien Busser, Jessy BergaminAbstract:The present study was designed to examine the effects of a disgust mood state on negative Interpretation Bias, in particular in the domain of body and weight concerns. Participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to one of four mood induction groups (i.e., disgust, anxiety, happy, and neutral) and were afterwards asked to respond to various types of ambiguous scenarios to index general threat Interpretations, negative body-related Interpretations, and neutral/positive Interpretations. Results demonstrated that both the anxiety and disgust mood induction groups displayed higher levels of negative Interpretations of the ambiguous threat scenarios than the neutral and happy groups. However, no evidence was obtained for a negative Interpretation Bias in the body-related domain for these negative mood groups, and this conclusion was also true for participants scoring high on a scale of eating disorder symptoms. Altogether, these findings suggest that disgust does not play a role in eating pathology by inducing a negative Interpretation Bias in the specific domain of body and weight concerns.
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ground control to major tom experimental manipulation of anxiety related Interpretation Bias by means of the space odyssey paradigm and effects on avoidance tendencies in children
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2009Co-Authors: Peter Muris, Birgit Mayer, Danielle Remmerswaal, Jorg Huijding, Steven VredenAbstract:The "space odyssey" paradigm refers to an experimental method that can be used to manipulate Interpretation Bias in youths. In this study, the "space odyssey" paradigm was employed to induce either a negative or a positive Interpretation Bias in a sample of 120 non-clinical children aged 9-13 years. The results indicated that children's Interpretation Bias and avoidance tendencies scores were successfully manipulated during the experiment. That is, children in the negative training group showed an increase in negative Interpretation Bias and avoidance tendencies, whereas children in the positive training group exhibited a decrease in Interpretation Bias and avoidance tendencies, although it should be admitted that these effects in general were rather weak. Further, no support was found for the idea that high-anxious children were more affected by the experimental manipulation than low-anxious children.
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A space odyssey: experimental manipulation of threat perception and anxiety-related Interpretation Bias in children.
Child psychiatry and human development, 2008Co-Authors: Peter Muris, Birgit Mayer, Jorg Huijding, Marjolein HameetmanAbstract:This study provides a first test of an experimental method, the “space odyssey” paradigm, that was designed to manipulate Interpretation Bias in children. Seventy non-clinical children aged 8–12 years first completed a standardized anxiety questionnaire. Following this, they completed the space odyssey paradigm to induce either a negative or a positive Interpretation Bias. After this stage of Interpretation training, children were presented with a series of ambiguous vignettes for which they had to rate perceived levels of threat as an index of Interpretation Bias. Results indicated that the space odyssey paradigm was successful in training Interpretations: children in the negative training condition quickly learned to choose negative outcomes, while children in the positive training condition rapidly learned to select positive outcomes. Most importantly, children’s subsequent threat perception scores for the ambiguous vignettes were affected by the manipulation. That is, children in the negative training condition perceived more threat than children in the positive training condition. Interestingly, the effects of training were most pronounced in high anxious children. Directions for future research with this paradigm are briefly discussed.
Eni S. Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Content-Specific Interpretation Bias in Children with Varying Levels of Anxiety: The Role of Gender and Age.
Child psychiatry and human development, 2019Co-Authors: Lynn Mobach, Jennifer L. Hudson, Mike Rinck, Eni S. Becker, Anke M. KleinAbstract:The current study examined whether children varying in their levels of social anxiety, separation anxiety and spider fear exhibit a negative Interpretation Bias specific for their fears. Furthermore, age and gender were assessed as moderators of this relation. Children (N = 603) of the age of 7–12 years were asked to solve ambiguous scenarios reflecting social threat, separation threat or spider threat. Children’s levels of anxiety were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that children scoring higher on self-reported social anxiety, separation anxiety or spider fear, displayed a negative Interpretation Bias for the threat-scenarios pertaining to their specific anxiety or fear, even after controlling for comorbidity with other anxiety subtypes. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find moderating effects of age or gender. These results indicate that even in a community sample, content-specificity of negative Interpretation Biases is present.
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the association between ruminative thinking and negative Interpretation Bias in social anxiety
Cognition & Emotion, 2017Co-Authors: Marcel Badra, Eni S. Becker, Lars Schulze, Janna N Vrijsen, Babette Renneberg, Ulrike ZetscheAbstract:Cognitive models propose that both, negative Interpretations of ambiguous social situations and ruminative thoughts about social events contribute to the maintenance of social anxiety disorder. It has further been postulated that ruminative thoughts fuel Biased negative Interpretations, however, evidence is rare. The present study used a multi-method approach to assess ruminative processing following a social interaction (post-event processing by self-report questionnaire and social rumination by experience sampling method) and negative Interpretation Bias (via two separate tasks) in a student sample (n = 51) screened for high (HSA) and low social anxiety (LSA). Results support the hypothesis that group differences in negative Interpretations of ambiguous social situations in HSAs vs. LSAs are mediated by higher levels of post-event processing assessed in the questionnaire. Exploratory analyses highlight the potential role of comorbid depressive symptoms. The current findings help to advance the understanding of the association between two cognitive processes involved in social anxiety and stress the importance of ruminative post-event processing.
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alcohol related Interpretation Bias in alcohol dependent patients
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2014Co-Authors: Marcella L. Woud, Steffen Pawelczak, Mike Rinck, Johannes Lindenmeyer, Pierre M. Souren, Reinout W. Wiers, Eni S. BeckerAbstract:Background: Models of addictive behaviors postulate that implicit alcohol-related memory associations and Biased Interpretation processes contribute to the development and maintenance of alcohol misuse and abuse. The present study examined whether alcohol-dependent patients (AP) show an alcohol-related Interpretation Bias. Second, the relationship between the Interpretation Bias and levels of harmful drinking was investigated. Methods: The sample included 125 clinically diagnosed AP and 69 clinically diagnosed control patients (CP) who had either a mood or an anxiety disorder. Participants completed a booklet containing 12 open-ended ambiguous scenarios. Seven scenarios were alcohol-relevant, and 5 were emotionally relevant, that is, panic- or depression-relevant. Participants were asked to read each scenario and to generate a continuation. In addition, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Beck Depression Inventory were administered. Results: Logistic multivariate multilevel analyses revealed that AP’ probability of generating an alcohol-related continuation on all 3 scenario types was higher than that of CP. Moreover, alcoholrelated Interpretation Biases were positively associated with levels of harmful drinking (i.e., AUDIT scores). Conclusions: These findings are the first to show that AP show an alcohol-related Interpretation Bias, which generalizes to other ambiguous emotionally relevant contexts, and therefore advance our understanding of the role of implicit Biased alcohol-related memory associations and Interpretation processes.
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Alcohol‐Related Interpretation Bias in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients
Alcoholism clinical and experimental research, 2014Co-Authors: Marcella L. Woud, Steffen Pawelczak, Mike Rinck, Johannes Lindenmeyer, Pierre M. Souren, Reinout W. Wiers, Eni S. BeckerAbstract:Background: Models of addictive behaviors postulate that implicit alcohol-related memory associations and Biased Interpretation processes contribute to the development and maintenance of alcohol misuse and abuse. The present study examined whether alcohol-dependent patients (AP) show an alcohol-related Interpretation Bias. Second, the relationship between the Interpretation Bias and levels of harmful drinking was investigated. Methods: The sample included 125 clinically diagnosed AP and 69 clinically diagnosed control patients (CP) who had either a mood or an anxiety disorder. Participants completed a booklet containing 12 open-ended ambiguous scenarios. Seven scenarios were alcohol-relevant, and 5 were emotionally relevant, that is, panic- or depression-relevant. Participants were asked to read each scenario and to generate a continuation. In addition, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Beck Depression Inventory were administered. Results: Logistic multivariate multilevel analyses revealed that AP’ probability of generating an alcohol-related continuation on all 3 scenario types was higher than that of CP. Moreover, alcoholrelated Interpretation Biases were positively associated with levels of harmful drinking (i.e., AUDIT scores). Conclusions: These findings are the first to show that AP show an alcohol-related Interpretation Bias, which generalizes to other ambiguous emotionally relevant contexts, and therefore advance our understanding of the role of implicit Biased alcohol-related memory associations and Interpretation processes.
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don t panic Interpretation Bias is predictive of new onsets of panic disorder
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2014Co-Authors: Marcella L. Woud, Eni S. Becker, Richard J Mcnally, Xiao Chi Zhang, Jürgen MargrafAbstract:Psychological models of panic disorder postulate that Interpretation of ambiguous material as threatening is an important maintaining factor for the disorder. However, demonstrations of whether such a Bias predicts onset of panic disorder are missing. In the present study, we used data from the Dresden Prediction Study, in which a epidemiologic sample of young German women was tested at two time points approximately 17 months apart, allowing the study of Biased Interpretation as a potential risk factor. At time point one, participants completed an Interpretation Questionnaire including two types of ambiguous scenarios: panic-related and general threat-related. Analyses revealed that a panic-related Interpretation Bias predicted onset of panic disorder, even after controlling for two established risk factors: anxiety sensitivity and fear of bodily sensations. This is the first prospective study demonstrating the incremental validity of Interpretation Bias as a predictor of panic disorder onset.
Corinne N. Carlton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interpretation Bias modification versus progressive muscle relaxation for social anxiety disorder a web based controlled trial
Behavior Therapy, 2020Co-Authors: Jesse R. Cougle, Berta J. Summers, Natalie L Wilver, Taylor N Day, Sarah A Okey, Corinne N. CarltonAbstract:Computerized Interpretation Bias modification (IBM) programs show promise for the treatment of anxiety disorders, though they have rarely been compared to active treatments. The goal of the present study was to compare the efficacy of IBM to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Sixty-four participants with SAD were recruited from across the United States and randomly assigned to 8 internet-delivered twice-weekly sessions of IBM or PMR. Participants were administered assessments of primary symptom outcomes and interpersonal suicide risk factors at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up. IBM led to significantly lower negative Interpretation Bias than PMR at posttreatment but not follow-up. Both conditions experienced comparable reductions in social anxiety from pretreatment to follow-up (IBM d = 1.37, PMR d = 1.28). They also experienced significant reductions in depression and general anxiety that did not differ from one another. Additionally, IBM led to greater reductions in thwarted belongingness than PMR at posttreatment but not follow-up. Overall, these findings suggest IBM is not more effective than PMR for reducing social anxiety, though there was some evidence of its superiority in decreasing suicide risk. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Predictors of Symptom Outcome in Interpretation Bias Modification for Dysphoria
Behavior therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Hillary L. Smith, Katherine A. Mcdermott, Corinne N. Carlton, Jesse R. CougleAbstract:Abstract Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) interventions have been effective in reducing negative Interpretation Biases theorized to underlie depressive psychopathology. Although these programs have been highlighted as potential short-term interventions for depression, mixed evidence has been found for their effects on depressive symptoms. There is a need to examine attitudes towards training as well as individual difference factors that may impact symptom outcomes for IBM depression interventions. Seventy-two dysphoric young adults were randomly assigned to receive either an IBM targeting negative Interpretation Bias in personal evaluations or interpersonal situations or a healthy video control (HVC) condition. Compared to those who received HVC, participants in the IBM condition reported lower negative Interpretation Bias at posttreatment. No differences between conditions were found for symptom outcomes. Greater perceived treatment credibility and expectancy were associated with better treatment outcomes for both the IBM and HVC groups. Within the IBM group, a greater tendency toward assimilation with treatment scenarios was significantly associated with better treatment outcomes for both depressive and anger symptoms. This effect was unique from treatment credibility and expectancy. Pretreatment psychological reactance did not predict treatment response for either condition. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
