Job Tenure

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Kenneth J Meier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Peter N Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Job reallocation employment change and average Job Tenure theory and workplace evidence from australia
    Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Karen Mumford, Peter N Smith
    Abstract:

    We explore determinants of Job reallocation, employment change and average Job Tenure in this paper. A model which associates technological advances with the process of economic growth is modified and analysed. The features of this model allow for the possibility of asymmetric behaviour when looking at the net change in employment. Workplace data from Australia ([Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey 1995] AWIRS95) are used to test the predictions generated from the model for both employment change and average Job Tenure. Results are presented that provide clear evidence as to the nature of workplaces in which net employment growth is concentrated. We find that employment growth is asymmetrically related to expected changes in demand for the output of the workplace. We also find that employment is lower for workplaces that are larger, older, have greater union density, offer higher relative earnings, or are operating in a more competitive environment. The impacts on average Tenure are as expected from the model and from these changes in employment. Overall there is a substantial degree of agreement between the predictions of the model and our empirical results.

  • Job reallocation employment change and average Job Tenure theory and workplace evidence from australia
    Social Science Research Network, 2004
    Co-Authors: Karen Mumford, Peter N Smith
    Abstract:

    We explore determinants of Job reallocation, employment change and average Job Tenure in this paper. A model which associates technological advances with the process of economic growth is modified and analysed. The features of this model allow for the possibility of asymmetric behaviour when looking at the net change in employment. Workplace data from Australia (AWIRS95) are used to test the predictions generated from the model for both employment change and average Job Tenure. Results are presented that provide clear evidence as to the nature of workplaces in which net employment growth is concentrated. We find that employment growth is asymmetrically related to expected changes in demand for the output of the workplace. We also find that employment is lower for workplaces that are larger, older, have greater union density, offer higher relative earnings, or are operating in a more competitive environment. The impacts on average Tenure are as expected from the model and from these changes in employment. Overall there is a substantial degree of agreement between the predictions of the model and our empirical results.

  • Job Tenure in britain employee characteristics versus workplace effects
    Economica, 2004
    Co-Authors: Karen Mumford, Peter N Smith
    Abstract:

    We consider differences in current Job Tenure of individuals using linked employee and workplace data. This enables us to distinguish between variation in Tenure associated with the characteristics of individual employees and those of the workplace in which they work. As a group, The various individual characteristics are found to be essentially uncorrelated with the workplace effect. However, this is not true for women and non-white employees; we find that the lower Tenure associated with membership of these demographic groups is captured predominantly by workplace effects, suggesting some degree of labour market segmentation in Britain.

Daniel L Millimet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of children on wages Job Tenure and the division of household labour
    Social Science Research Network, 2000
    Co-Authors: Daniel L Millimet
    Abstract:

    In the absence of typical exclusion restrictions, covariance restrictions are used to obtain estimates of the effects of children on household behaviour. Using data from the PSID on two age samples, children are found to have a significant impact on many household decisions. However, while in the young sample exogenous fertility cannot be rejected, in the older sample this is not the case. Finally, if the average household had one less child, the male-female wage differential would decrease by 9.5%.

  • the impact of children on wages Job Tenure and the division of household labour
    The Economic Journal, 2000
    Co-Authors: Daniel L Millimet
    Abstract:

    In the absence of typical exclusion restrictions, covariance restrictions are used to obtain estimates of the effects of children on household behaviour. Using data from the PSID on two age samples, children are found to have a significant impact on many household decisions. However, while in the young sample exogenous fertility cannot be rejected, in the older sample this is not the case. Finally, if the average household had one less child, the male-female wage differential would decrease by 9.5%. There has been enormous interest in learning the impact of children on various household behaviours, especially those of the mother. In particular, there has been much empirical research on the effect of fertility on female allocation and value of time (Angrist and Evans, 1998; Gronau 1988, 1977, 1976; Mroz, 1987; Rosenzweig and Wolpin, 1980; Fleischer and Rhodes, 1979; Cain and Dooley, 1976; Heckman, 1974; Gronau, 1973; etc.).' In either case, the inability to find appropriate instruments for fertility is troublesome. Fleischer and Rhodes (1979) conclude that their 'inability to represent the fertility variable with a suitable instrument is disappointing' and Willis (1987) wrote: '[I] t has proven difficult to find enough well-measured exogenous variables to permit cause and effect relationships to be extracted from correlations among factors such as the delay of marriage, decline of childbearing, growth of divorce, and increased female labour force participation.' Of related interest is the effect of fertility on market wages (Waldfogel, 1998; Hersch and Stratton, 1997; Korenman and Neumark, 1992; Hersch, 1991; Moore and Wilson, 1982; Hill, 1979; Cain and Dooley, 1976) and male behaviour (Browning, 1992; Pencavel, 1986). Controlling for the endogeneity of fertility is likely to be vital in any model of household time allocation. Browning (1992) stated: 'Finally, labor supply and fertility may be jointly determined; either by "basic economic principles" or because in the population preferences for having children and for working at aJob are negatively correlated.' Despite the theoretical claims, the empirical question of whether or not fertility is endogenous has yet to be answered

John W Budd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the union membership wage premium for employees covered by collective bargaining agreements
    Journal of Labor Economics, 2000
    Co-Authors: John W Budd
    Abstract:

    Using Current Population Survey data for 1983–93, this article analyzes whether there is a union membership wage premium among full‐time, private sector employees covered by union contracts. Ordinary least squares estimates of the membership wage premium are 12%–14%, and allowing membership to be endogenous yields larger estimates. Differences in Job Tenure, unobservable characteristics, and measurement error cannot fully explain the estimated premium. Significant differences in this premium, as well as in membership rates conditional upon coverage, across various demographic subgroups are also documented. In general, “free riders” do not appear to be free riding.

  • the union membership wage premium for employees covered by collective bargaining agreements
    Research Papers in Economics, 1994
    Co-Authors: John W Budd
    Abstract:

    Using Current Population Survey data for 1983-93, this article analyzes whether there is a union membership wage premium among full-time, private sector employees covered by union contracts. Ordinary least squares estimates of the membership wage premium are 12%-14%, and allowing membership to be endogenous yields larger estimates. Differences in Job Tenure, unobservable characteristics, and measurement error cannot fully explain the estimated premium. Significant differences in this premium, as well as in membership rates conditional upon coverage, across various demographic subgroups are also documented. In general, "free riders" do not appear to be free riding. Copyright 2000 by University of Chicago Press.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Peter M Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • examining Job Tenure and lost time claim rates in ontario canada over a 10 year period 1999 2008
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2013
    Co-Authors: Sara Morassaei, Curtis F Breslin, Min Shen, Peter M Smith
    Abstract:

    Objective We sought to examine the association between Job Tenure and lost-time claim rates over a 10-year period in Ontario, Canada. Methods Data were obtained from workers’ compensation records and labour force survey data from 1999 to 2008. Claim rates were calculated for gender, age, industry, occupation, year and Job Tenure group. A multivariate analysis and examination of effect modification were performed. Differences in injury event and source of injury were also examined by Job Tenure. Results Lost-time claim rates were significantly higher for workers with shorter Job Tenure, regardless of other factors. Claim rates for new workers differed by gender, age and industry, but remained relatively constant at an elevated rate over the observed time period. Conclusions This study is the first to examine lost-time claim rates by Job Tenure over a time period during which overall claim rates generally declined. Claim rates did not show a convergence by Job Tenure. Findings highlight that new workers are still at elevated risk, and suggest the need for improved training, reducing exposures among new workers, promoting permanent employment, and monitoring work injury trends and risk factors.

  • the relationship between Job Tenure and work disability absence among adults a prospective study
    Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2008
    Co-Authors: Curtis F Breslin, Emile Tompa, Peter M Smith, Ryan Zhao, Jason D Pole, Benjamin C Amick, Sheilah Hoggjohnson
    Abstract:

    Little population-based, prospective research has been conducted to examine the demographic and work-related determinants of occupational injury or illness. This study examined the relative contribution of sociodemographic characteristics and work factors to the likelihood of a work-related disability or illness. In a representative sample of adult Canadians 25-70 years old from a prospective survey, a hazard modelling approach of time to work disability absence from the start of a new Job was estimated with the following predictors: age, gender, type of Job (manual, non-manual, and mixed), hours worked, highest education achieved, multiple concurrent Job, Job Tenure, school activity, union membership and living in a rural or urban area. Workers holding manual or mixed Jobs and having a low education level were factors independently associated with the increased likelihood of a work disability absence. Gender was not independently associated with work disability absences. A strong Job Tenure gradient in the unadjusted work disability absence rates was virtually eliminated when controlling for demographic/individual and other work factors. In multivariate analyses, work-related factors remained predictors of work disability absence whereas individual characteristics such as gender did not. The exception was workers with less education who appeared to be particularly vulnerable, even after controlling of physical demands on the Job. This may be due to inadequate Job training or increased hazard exposure even in the same broad Job category.

  • trial by fire a multivariate examination of the relation between Job Tenure and work injuries
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2006
    Co-Authors: F Breslin, Peter M Smith
    Abstract:

    Aims: This study examined the relation between months on the Job and lost-time claim rates, with a particular focus on age related differences. Methods: Workers’ compensation records and labour force survey data were used to compute claim rates per 1000 full time equivalents. To adjust for potential confounding, multivariate analyses included age, sex, occupation, and industry, as well Job Tenure as predictors of claim rates. Results: At any age, the claim rates decline as time on the Job increases. For example, workers in the first month on the Job were over four times more likely to have a lost-time claim than workers with over one year in their current Job. The Job Tenure injury associations were stronger among males, the goods industry, manual occupations, and older adult workers. Conclusions: The present results suggest that all worker subgroups examined show increased risk when new on the Job. Recommendations for improving this situation include earlier training, starting workers in low hazard conditions, reducing Job turnover rates in firms, and improved monitoring of hazard exposures that new workers encounter.

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