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Arun Kumar Pal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Novel BN/Pd composite films for stable Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Applied Surface Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Dibyendu Ghosh, Showket Hussain, Radhaballav Bhar, B. Ghosh, Subhajyoti Chaudhuri, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract Composite films of BN/Pd were synthesized by depositing thin films of BN by pulsed laser deposition technique and evaporating a thin layer of palladium on top of it to form a bi-layer structure. This bi-layer structure was then subjected to rapid thermal annealing for the incorporation of Pd in BN. The films thus obtained were characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR studies. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing properties were also investigated critically. Very stable and reproducible LPG sensing properties and comparatively at lower operating temperature of 460 K would make this material superior to prevalent oxide based sensors.

  • Silicon doped SnO2 films for Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Vacuum, 2008
    Co-Authors: S. B. Majumder, Showket Hussain, Sachindranath Das, Radhaballav Bhar, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract Silicon doped SnO2 films were synthesized by sputtering SnO2 layer onto glass substrates with appropriate amount of silicon sputtered onto them. The bilayer structures were subjected to rapid thermal annealing for the incorporation of Si in SnO2 matrix. The films thus obtained were characterized by measuring optical and microstructural properties. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing properties were also investigated. FTIR and Raman studies were also carried out on these films, both, before and after LPG exposure.

  • Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor based on sno2 pd composite films deposited on si sio2 substrates
    Vacuum, 2007
    Co-Authors: S. B. Majumder, Showket Hussain, Radhaballav Bhar, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract SnO 2 /Pd composite films were synthesized by d.c. sputtering of a SnO 2 target followed by thermal evaporation of a thin layer of Pd on top of it. This structure, deposited on Si wafer with 300 μm SiO 2 on the top, was subjected to rapid thermal annealing at 573 K for 5 min for the incorporation of Pd in SnO 2 . The films were characterized by microstructural, optical, FTIR and Raman studies. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing measurements were carried out on these films. Sensitivity of 72% was obtained at an operating temperature of ∼573 K. The response time for these sensors was found to be ∼27 s. Sensitivity was found to increase with grain growth at higher sensing temperatures. It could be observed that the selectivity for LPG is extremely good as compared to that of methane, hydrogen, CO 2 and C 2 H 5 OH.

  • Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor based on SnO2/Pd composite films deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates
    Vacuum, 2007
    Co-Authors: S. B. Majumder, Showket Hussain, Radhaballav Bhar, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract SnO 2 /Pd composite films were synthesized by d.c. sputtering of a SnO 2 target followed by thermal evaporation of a thin layer of Pd on top of it. This structure, deposited on Si wafer with 300 μm SiO 2 on the top, was subjected to rapid thermal annealing at 573 K for 5 min for the incorporation of Pd in SnO 2 . The films were characterized by microstructural, optical, FTIR and Raman studies. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing measurements were carried out on these films. Sensitivity of 72% was obtained at an operating temperature of ∼573 K. The response time for these sensors was found to be ∼27 s. Sensitivity was found to increase with grain growth at higher sensing temperatures. It could be observed that the selectivity for LPG is extremely good as compared to that of methane, hydrogen, CO 2 and C 2 H 5 OH.

  • synthesis of sno2 pd composite films by pvd route for a Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Vacuum, 2004
    Co-Authors: S Sen P Gupta, Rita Roy, Pal M Chowdhury, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract Synthesis of SnO2/Pd composite films was carried out by depositing antimony doped SnO2 films by magnetron sputtering technique and evaporating a thin layer of palladium on the top of it. This bi-layer structure was subjected to rapid thermal annealing for the incorporation of Pd in SnO2. The films thus obtained were characterized by measuring electrical, optical and microstructural properties. Liquid Petroleum Gas-sensing properties were also investigated.

A. R. Phani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The nature of surface behavior of tin oxide doped sensors: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies before and after exposure to Liquid Petroleum Gas
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2000
    Co-Authors: A. R. Phani, Sunkara V. Manorama, Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
    Abstract:

    Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies have been carried out to investigate the possible chemical species involved in the Gas–solid interaction and enhancing mechanism of the Pd-doped SnO 2 sensor element. In the case of SnO 2 and SnO 2 /Al 2 Si 2 O 7 , when the samples are exposed to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), the SnO 2 is reduced to metallic Sn indicating adsorption–desorption (chemical mechanism). Whereas in the case of SnO 2 /Pd and SnO 2 /Al 2 Si 2 O 7 /Pd systems in addition to chemical mechanism, there is an additional contribution from the Pd, in which PdO 2 and PdO are reduced to PdO and Pd, respectively, attributed to electronic mechanism. It has been observed that the electronic mechanism is more predominant than the chemical one.

  • Preparation, characterization and electrical properties of SnO2 based Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1999
    Co-Authors: A. R. Phani, S. Manorama, Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present investigation deals with the fabrication of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensor based on semiconducting oxide SnO2. The Gas sensor elements have been prepared by conventional solid state route. Addition of noble metal sensitizer, palladium and grain growth inhibitor, aluminum silicate to the base material SnO2, not only improved the sensitivity towards LPG but also the selectivity in the presence of CO and CH4 Gases. Out of various sensor compositions, SnO2 : Al2Si2O7 (35 wt.%) : Pd (1.5 wt.%) sintered at 800°C for 5 h has shown high sensitivity (0.97) towards LPG at an operating temperature of 350°C. Different characterization techniques have been employed, such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), surface area analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), to study the formation of SnO2, surface area and crystallite size, respectively. The results suggested the possibility of utilizing the sensor element for the detection of LPG.

  • Effect of noble metals on selective detection of Liquid Petroleum Gas by SnO 2
    Journal of Materials Research, 1998
    Co-Authors: A. R. Phani, M. Pelino
    Abstract:

    The present investigation deals with the electrical response of doped SnO2 to improve the selectivity for Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the presence of CO and CH4, by utilizing noble metal sensitizers such as Pd, Pt, and Rh. SnO2 with the addition of Pd (1.5 wt. %) or Pt (1.5 wt. %) sintered at 800 °C which have shown high sensitivity toward LPG with no cross interference of CO and CH4 at an operating temperature of 350 °C. The results suggest the possibility of utilizing the sensor for the detection of this hydrocarbon Gaseous mixture. X-ray diffraction studies have been carried out to evaluate the crystallite size as a function of sintering temperature; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies have been carried out to define the possible chemical species involved in the Gas-solid interaction and the sensitivity enhancing mechanism of the SnO2/Pd sensor element toward LPG.

  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on Pd doped SnO2 Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Applied Physics Letters, 1997
    Co-Authors: A. R. Phani
    Abstract:

    The present investigation deals with the electrical response of palladium doped tin oxide, as a means of improving the selectivity for Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the presence of CO, CH4. The sensor element with the composition of Pd(1.5 wt %) in the base material SnO2 sintered at 800 °C, has shown a high sensitivity towards LPG with a negligible cross interference of CO and CH4 at an operating temperature of 350 °C. This greatly suggests the possibility of utilizing the sensor for the detection of LPG. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies have been carried out to determine the possible chemical species involved in the Gas-solid interaction and the enhancing mechanism of the Pd doped SnO2 sensor element, towards LPG sensitivity.

Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The nature of surface behavior of tin oxide doped sensors: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies before and after exposure to Liquid Petroleum Gas
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2000
    Co-Authors: A. R. Phani, Sunkara V. Manorama, Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
    Abstract:

    Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies have been carried out to investigate the possible chemical species involved in the Gas–solid interaction and enhancing mechanism of the Pd-doped SnO 2 sensor element. In the case of SnO 2 and SnO 2 /Al 2 Si 2 O 7 , when the samples are exposed to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), the SnO 2 is reduced to metallic Sn indicating adsorption–desorption (chemical mechanism). Whereas in the case of SnO 2 /Pd and SnO 2 /Al 2 Si 2 O 7 /Pd systems in addition to chemical mechanism, there is an additional contribution from the Pd, in which PdO 2 and PdO are reduced to PdO and Pd, respectively, attributed to electronic mechanism. It has been observed that the electronic mechanism is more predominant than the chemical one.

  • Preparation, characterization and electrical properties of SnO2 based Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1999
    Co-Authors: A. R. Phani, S. Manorama, Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present investigation deals with the fabrication of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensor based on semiconducting oxide SnO2. The Gas sensor elements have been prepared by conventional solid state route. Addition of noble metal sensitizer, palladium and grain growth inhibitor, aluminum silicate to the base material SnO2, not only improved the sensitivity towards LPG but also the selectivity in the presence of CO and CH4 Gases. Out of various sensor compositions, SnO2 : Al2Si2O7 (35 wt.%) : Pd (1.5 wt.%) sintered at 800°C for 5 h has shown high sensitivity (0.97) towards LPG at an operating temperature of 350°C. Different characterization techniques have been employed, such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), surface area analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), to study the formation of SnO2, surface area and crystallite size, respectively. The results suggested the possibility of utilizing the sensor element for the detection of LPG.

  • Liquid-Petroleum-Gas sensor based on a spinel semiconductor, ZnGa2O4
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 1998
    Co-Authors: L. Satyanarayana, C.v. Gopal Reddy, Sunkara V. Manorama, Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
    Abstract:

    Abstract A Liquid-Petroleum Gas sensor has been developed with high selectivity and sensitivity based on an oxygen deficient spinel semiconductor, ZnGa2O4. The operating temperature of the sensor element has been optimised under different operating conditions. Palladium doped zinc gallate sensor, on exposure to LPG at about 320°C showed a change of 4–5 orders in the resistance. The response time also decreases from about 20 min in virgin ZnGa2O4 to less than 1 min in the palladium doped element. The electronic interaction between additive and semiconductor is proposed to account for the sensitisation effects in the sensor element.

R K Nath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • al doped zinc oxide thin films for Liquid Petroleum Gas lpg sensors
    Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2008
    Co-Authors: P P Sahay, R K Nath
    Abstract:

    Abstract Undoped and Al-doped zinc oxide thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique using Zn(CH3COO)2 as a precursor solution without or with AlCl3 as a doping solution, respectively. The dopant concentration (at% Al to Zn) was varied from 0 to 1.5 at%. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analyses of the films confirm that all the films are of polycrystalline zinc oxide in nature, possessing hexagonal wurtzite structure. The films show the change in preferential orientation depending on the doping concentration of Al. The crystallite size in the 0.5 at% Al-doped film is found to be minimum (∼103 nm) among all the films. It is observed that the resistivity of the Al-doped films decreases with the Al dopant concentration up to 1 at%. At a higher doping concentration of 1.5 at%, the disorder produced in the lattice causes an increase in the resistivity of the film. It is found that compared to the undoped ZnO film, Al-doped films show high response to LPG. Among all the doped films studied, the 0.5 at% Al-doped ZnO film shows the maximum response (∼89%) to 1 vol% of LPG in air at 325 °C. Further, the response and recovery times of the films to LPG become shorter at higher operating temperatures. A possible mechanism of LPG sensing has been explained.

Showket Hussain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Novel BN/Pd composite films for stable Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Applied Surface Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Dibyendu Ghosh, Showket Hussain, Radhaballav Bhar, B. Ghosh, Subhajyoti Chaudhuri, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract Composite films of BN/Pd were synthesized by depositing thin films of BN by pulsed laser deposition technique and evaporating a thin layer of palladium on top of it to form a bi-layer structure. This bi-layer structure was then subjected to rapid thermal annealing for the incorporation of Pd in BN. The films thus obtained were characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR studies. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing properties were also investigated critically. Very stable and reproducible LPG sensing properties and comparatively at lower operating temperature of 460 K would make this material superior to prevalent oxide based sensors.

  • Silicon doped SnO2 films for Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor
    Vacuum, 2008
    Co-Authors: S. B. Majumder, Showket Hussain, Sachindranath Das, Radhaballav Bhar, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract Silicon doped SnO2 films were synthesized by sputtering SnO2 layer onto glass substrates with appropriate amount of silicon sputtered onto them. The bilayer structures were subjected to rapid thermal annealing for the incorporation of Si in SnO2 matrix. The films thus obtained were characterized by measuring optical and microstructural properties. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing properties were also investigated. FTIR and Raman studies were also carried out on these films, both, before and after LPG exposure.

  • Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor based on sno2 pd composite films deposited on si sio2 substrates
    Vacuum, 2007
    Co-Authors: S. B. Majumder, Showket Hussain, Radhaballav Bhar, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract SnO 2 /Pd composite films were synthesized by d.c. sputtering of a SnO 2 target followed by thermal evaporation of a thin layer of Pd on top of it. This structure, deposited on Si wafer with 300 μm SiO 2 on the top, was subjected to rapid thermal annealing at 573 K for 5 min for the incorporation of Pd in SnO 2 . The films were characterized by microstructural, optical, FTIR and Raman studies. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing measurements were carried out on these films. Sensitivity of 72% was obtained at an operating temperature of ∼573 K. The response time for these sensors was found to be ∼27 s. Sensitivity was found to increase with grain growth at higher sensing temperatures. It could be observed that the selectivity for LPG is extremely good as compared to that of methane, hydrogen, CO 2 and C 2 H 5 OH.

  • Liquid Petroleum Gas sensor based on SnO2/Pd composite films deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates
    Vacuum, 2007
    Co-Authors: S. B. Majumder, Showket Hussain, Radhaballav Bhar, Arun Kumar Pal
    Abstract:

    Abstract SnO 2 /Pd composite films were synthesized by d.c. sputtering of a SnO 2 target followed by thermal evaporation of a thin layer of Pd on top of it. This structure, deposited on Si wafer with 300 μm SiO 2 on the top, was subjected to rapid thermal annealing at 573 K for 5 min for the incorporation of Pd in SnO 2 . The films were characterized by microstructural, optical, FTIR and Raman studies. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensing measurements were carried out on these films. Sensitivity of 72% was obtained at an operating temperature of ∼573 K. The response time for these sensors was found to be ∼27 s. Sensitivity was found to increase with grain growth at higher sensing temperatures. It could be observed that the selectivity for LPG is extremely good as compared to that of methane, hydrogen, CO 2 and C 2 H 5 OH.