The Experts below are selected from a list of 10779 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kazuyo Ichimori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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MDA-Lymphatic Filariasis.
Tropical medicine and health, 2014Co-Authors: Kazuyo IchimoriAbstract:Lymphatic Filariasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases. It is estimated that 120 million people are currently infected in 73 countries where Filariasis is endemic. Lymphatic Filariasis is a leading cause of chronic disability worldwide, including of 15 million people who have lymphoedema (elephantiasis) and 25 million men who have hydrocoele.
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MDA—Lymphatic Filariasis
Tropical Medicine and Health, 2014Co-Authors: Kazuyo IchimoriAbstract:Lymphatic Filariasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases. It is estimated that 120 million people are currently infected in 73 countries where Filariasis is endemic. Lymphatic Filariasis is a leading cause of chronic disability worldwide, including of 15 million people who have lymphoedema (elephantiasis) and 25 million men who have hydrocoele
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Eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis
Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 2011Co-Authors: Kazuyo Ichimori, Eric A. OttesenAbstract:One of the oldest of the neglected tropical diseases, Lymphatic Filariasis, is caused by filarial worms transmitted by insect vectors that live in the Lymphatic system and most commonly cause lymphedema, elephantiasis and hydrocele, which may lead to severe deformity, stigma and disability. Similar to other neglected tropical diseases, Lymphatic Filariasis occurs mostly among the poor disenfranchised populations living in highly endemic settings perpetuating a cycle that traps people into further poverty and destitution. Through the leadership of the World Health Organization, the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has reached substantial achievements in decreasing the transmission of lympahtic Filariasis in multiple settings. The strategic plan for the next 10 years of the Global Programme, in addition to working within the new 'neglected tropical diseases environment,' lays out necessary mass drug administration implementation goals for the Filariasis–endemic countries that have not yet started their elimination programs (principally in Africa). The neglected tropical diseases programs—and the Lymphatic Filariasis program in particular—are among the very least expensive, most cost–effective tools to benefit needy populations of the developing world
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The argument for integrating vector control with multiple drug administration campaigns to ensure elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis.
Filaria journal, 2006Co-Authors: Thomas R. Burkot, David N. Durrheim, Wayne Melrose, Richard Speare, Kazuyo IchimoriAbstract:Background: There is a danger that mass drug administration campaigns may fail to maintain adequate treatment coverage to achieve Lymphatic Filariasis elimination. Hence, additional measures to suppress transmission might be needed to ensure the success of the Global Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis. Discussion: Vector control successfully eliminated Lymphatic Filariasis when implemented alone or with mass drug administration. Challenges to Lymphatic Filariasis elimination include uncertainty of the exact level and duration of microfilarial suppression required for elimination, the mobility of infected individuals, consistent non-participation of some infected individuals with mass drug administration, the possible development of anti-filarial drug resistance and treatment strategies in areas co-endemic with loasis.
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Pacific collaboration to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis.
Trends in parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Kazuyo Ichimori, Andy CrumpAbstract:A regional programme to combat Lymphatic Filariasis in the Pacific islands is showing great promise as it reaches its halfway point. The Pacific Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (PacELF), established in 1999, aims to eliminate the disease from the Pacific by 2010 – ten years ahead of the global target. Set up with support from Australia, and now funded primarily by Japan and underpinned by the Word Health Organization, PacELF is providing evidence that Pacific nations can work cooperatively to rid the region of one of its worst scourges, in addition to discovering techniques and new tools that should be of use in other regions.
Moses J. Bockarie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and practices for the prevention and control of Lymphatic Filariasis in Conakry, Republic of Guinea.
Acta tropica, 2017Co-Authors: Bernard L. Kouassi, Moses J. Bockarie, Aboulaye Barry, Kathrin Heitz-tokpa, Stefanie J. Krauth, Andre Goepogui, Mamadou S. Baldé, Oumar Barry, Marie L. Niamey, Benjamin G. KoudouAbstract:Little is known about the perceptions, attitudes and practices of Lymphatic Filariasis in Conakry, Republic of Guinea. Yet, such knowledge is important for an optimal design and implementation of setting-specific prevention and control measures. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a mixed methods approach. Qualitative data related to people's general experience with Lymphatic Filariasis, their perception of the causes of the disease, the onset of elephantiasis, care-seeking behaviour and the socioeconomic impact of Lymphatic Filariasis were collected through in-depth interviews with 85 respondents. Quantitative data related to strategies for prevention and the knowledge of the causes of the disease were collected by interviewing 429 people. A total of 514 individuals (313 females and 201 males), aged 10-84 years, participated. Most participants were well aware of Lymphatic Filariasis and they recognized the disease mainly by its disfiguring manifestation, collectively termed "elephantiasis" or "leg-swelling disease". Morbidity patterns due to filarial infection showed an increase with age (from 30 to 50 years) independent of sex. Most patients with Lymphatic Filariasis abandoned their jobs (73.9%) or sought other work (21.7%). The main perceived causes of acquiring Lymphatic Filariasis were of supernatural origin (as stated by 8.7% of patients and 5.7% of healthy subjects), while mosquito bites were mentioned by fewer participants (4.3% of patients and 4.2% of healthy subjects). A number of other causes were reported that relate to both medical and non-medical conceptions. The study also identified socioeconomic impairments and stigmatization due to elephantiasis. Taken together, community perception of Lymphatic Filariasis in Conakry is influenced by sociocultural conceptions. Appropriate health education campaigns aimed at enhancing community understanding of the transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis are required to increase the success of mass drug administration implemented for the elimination of this disease. There is a need for a morbidity management programme to alleviate Lymphatic Filariasis-related physical and emotional burden in Conakry.
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Lymphatic Filariasis and onchocerciasis.
The Lancet, 2010Co-Authors: Mark J. Taylor, Achim Hoerauf, Moses J. BockarieAbstract:Lymphatic Filariasis and onchocerciasis are parasitic helminth diseases that constitute a serious public health issue in tropical regions. The filarial nematodes that cause these diseases are transmitted by blood-feeding insects and produce chronic and long-term infection through suppression of host immunity. Disease pathogenesis is linked to host inflammation invoked by the death of the parasite, causing hydrocoele, lymphoedema, and elephantiasis in Lymphatic Filariasis, and skin disease and blindness in onchocerciasis. Most filarial species that infect people co-exist in mutualistic symbiosis with Wolbachia bacteria, which are essential for growth, development, and survival of their nematode hosts. These endosymbionts contribute to inflammatory disease pathogenesis and are a target for doxycycline therapy, which delivers macrofilaricidal activity, improves pathological outcomes, and is effective as monotherapy. Drugs to treat Filariasis include diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, and albendazole, which are used mostly in combination to reduce microfilariae in blood (Lymphatic Filariasis) and skin (onchocerciasis). Global programmes for control and elimination have been developed to provide sustained delivery of drugs to affected communities to interrupt transmission of disease and ultimately eliminate this burden on public health.
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Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis: do we have the drugs to complete the job?
Current opinion in infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Moses J. Bockarie, Rinki M. DebAbstract:Alternative and effective MDA regimens and strategies will be needed if the GPELF is to achieve the goals of global elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis by 2020. Further research to test new drug regimens (including single high doses of albendazole) or alternative treatment regimens (including biannual treatment schedules) may also be necessary. A new drug, moxidectin, which is currently under development for use against onchocerciasis, may be effective against Lymphatic Filariasis.
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current practices in the management of Lymphatic Filariasis
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2009Co-Authors: Moses J. Bockarie, Mark J. Taylor, John O. GyapongAbstract:Lymphatic Filariasis is a major cause of acute and chronic morbidity in 81 countries. The availability of safe treatment regimens along with rapid diagnostic tools resulted in a global program to eliminate the disease. The two main objectives of the global elimination program are to interrupt transmission of the parasites and to provide care for those with the disease. The strategy for transmission interruption is preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration. This article reviews the current treatment regimens for Lymphatic Filariasis and discusses the challenges posed by co-endemicity with other diseases. The role of integrated vector management as a supplementary strategy for mass drug administration and new strategies for treatment and morbidity control through antibiotic targeting of the Wolbachia endosymbionts are also discussed.
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The end of Lymphatic Filariasis
BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2009Co-Authors: Moses J. Bockarie, David H. MolyneuxAbstract:Many programmes to improve health in poor countries are struggling to meet their targets, but as Moses Bockarie and David Molyneux report, elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis has a real chance of success When the British physician Patrick Manson incriminated mosquitoes as vectors of Wuchereria bancrofti in China in 1877, it was the first time that an insect had been associated with the active transmission of an agent of any human or animal disease. The minute filarial worms (microfilariae), were, however, first observed as blood parasites by another British physician, Timothy Lewis. A BMJ report in 1870 records he had noticed microfilariae in the urine of patients.1 Manson had read Lewis’s work and postulated that the worms lived in the Lymphatic system, and that like other similar parasites, the females produced larvae viviparously. His curiosity about the fate of the microfilariae led to the discovery that they were transmitted by mosquitoes. Lymphatic Filariasis is a major cause of acute and chronic morbidity of humans in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, the western Pacific, and some parts of the Americas. Over 20% of the world’s population live in areas where they are at risk of infection with filarial parasites. An estimated 120 million people are infected in at least 83 endemic countries, with 91% of cases caused by W bancrofti and the remainder by Brugia malayi and B timori .2 Uniquely among vector borne infections, Lymphatic Filariasis can be transmitted by five genera of mosquito ( Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Mansonia, and Ochlerotatus ). Human infection occurs when the third stage (L3) infective larvae escape from the mosquito’s proboscis on to the skin and penetrate at the site of the bite. The larvae migrate to the Lymphatic system, where they mature into adult male and female worms. As Manson suspected, adult …
Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Next Step Lymphatic Filariasis Eradication: Current Status in the Development of a Vaccine Against Lymphatic Filariasis
Lymphatic Filariasis, 2018Co-Authors: Ramaswamy KalyanasundaramAbstract:Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-transmitted neglected tropical parasitic infection that causes most gruesome clinical outcome in the patients resulting in severe physical disability. Mass drug administration (MDA), spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), is one of the most successful elimination strategies for any infection worldwide. India started implementing MDA since 2004 and has successfully reduced the incidence of the infection to a level that can be now easily managed. Few reports of non-compliance to MDA still remain. This has resulted in the presence of residual infections in some areas designated as “hotspots.” Transmission assessment surveys need to identify these “hotspots.” Before the momentum of MDA wanes, it is critically important to capitalize the success gained by MDA by planning toward an eradication strategy for LF in India. Eradication will not be possible with MDA alone. There is a need to develop a more sustainable strategy such as vaccine and vector control along with MDA. This paper reviews the current status of vaccine development against Lymphatic Filariasis and future prospects.
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Multivalent fusion protein vaccine for Lymphatic Filariasis
Vaccine, 2012Co-Authors: Gajalakshmi Dakshinamoorthy, Abhilash Samykutty, Gnanasekar Munirathinam, Maryada Venkata Rami Reddy, Ramaswamy KalyanasundaramAbstract:Abstract Lymphatic Filariasis affects approximately 3% of the whole world population. Mass drug administration is currently the major control strategy to eradicate this infection from endemic regions by year 2020. Combination drug treatments are highly efficient in controlling the infection. However, there are no effective vaccines available for human or animal Lymphatic Filariasis despite the identification of several subunit vaccines. Lymphatic Filariasis parasites are multicellular organisms and potentially use multiple mechanisms to survive in the host. Therefore, there is a need to combine two or more vaccine candidate antigens to achieve the desired effect. In this study we combined three well characterized vaccine antigens of Brugia malayi , heat shock protein 12.6 (HSP12.6), Abundant Larval transcript-2 (ALT-2) and tetraspanin large extra cellular loop (TSP-LEL) as a multivalent fusion vaccine. Putative immune individuals carry circulating antibodies against all three antigens. Depletion of these antigen specific antibodies from the sera samples removed the ability of the sera to participate in the killing of B. malayi L3 in an antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. Vaccination trials in mice with a bivalent [HSP12.6 + ALT-2 (HA), HSP12.6 + TSP-LEL (HT) or TSP-LEL + ALT-2 (TA)] or trivalent [HSP12.6 + ALT-2 + TSP-LEL (HAT)] vaccines using DNA, protein or heterologous prime boost regimen showed that trivalent HAT vaccine either as protein alone or as heterologous prime boost vaccine could confer significant protection (95%) against B. malayi L3 challenge. Immune correlates of protection suggest a Th1/Th2 bias. These finding suggests that the trivalent HAT fusion protein is a promising prophylactic vaccine against Lymphatic Filariasis infection in human.
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Multivalent Vaccine for Lymphatic Filariasis
Procedia in vaccinology, 2010Co-Authors: Abhilash Samykutty, Gajalakshmi Dakshinamoorthy, Ramaswamy KalyanasundaramAbstract:Lymphatic Filariasis is a mosquito borne parasitic infection that cause severe economic burden in several parts of the world. Currently there is no vaccine available to prevent this infection in human. Multidrug therapy is effective, however, requires annual treatment and there is significant concern of drug resistance. In this manuscript we describe development of a multivalent DNA based vaccine comprising BmALT-2 and BmHSP antigens of Lymphatic Filariasis. Challenge experiments using third stage infective larvae of Brugia malayi in a mouse model suggested that nearly 90% protection can be achieved using the multivalent formulation in a DNA prime protein boost approach. The vaccination regimen induced significant IgG antibody responses and ELISPOT analysis for secreted cytokines from the spleen cells of vaccinated animals showed that these cells produce significant amount of IL-4. Results from this study thus show that a multivalent vaccine formulation of BmALT-2 and BmHSP is an excellent vaccine for Lymphatic Filariasis and significant protection can be achieved against a challenge infection with B. malayi in a mouse model.
Kapa D. Ramaiah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mass drug administration to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in India.
Trends in parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Kapa D. Ramaiah, Pradeep DasAbstract:Mass drug administration (MDA) to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis is already in place in 32 out of 83 endemic countries. Expansion of the MDA programme to other countries and within large countries such as India is necessary to achieve the goal of Lymphatic Filariasis elimination. However, expansion and sustenance of the global campaign to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis requires commitment and allocation of funds by governments and donor agencies. This could be achieved, at least to some extent, by highlighting the benefits of the programme in relation to costs. On the basis of various studies in south India, this article assesses the costs, effectiveness and economic and social benefits of the MDA programmes aimed at eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis.
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Towards elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in India.
Trends in Parasitology, 2001Co-Authors: P. K. Das, Kapa D. Ramaiah, Daniel J. Augustin, Ashok KumarAbstract:The global initiatives to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis as a public health problem by the year 2020 have generated a great deal of debate in India, the largest endemic country. This has led to a shift in the focus from control to elimination of the disease. Although the campaign to eliminate Filariasis has begun, much more needs to be done. Several recent research studies have provided an insight into various operational issues and prospects of elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis. In this article, the current scenario, recent research results, logistics and the prospects of eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis in India will be discussed.
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Functional impairment caused by Lymphatic Filariasis in rural areas of South India
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 1997Co-Authors: Kapa D. Ramaiah, K. N. Vijay Kumar, K. Ramu, S. P. Pani, P. K. DasAbstract:The functional impairment caused by Lymphatic Filariasis was assessed through qualitative and quantitative methods in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, South India. About 66% of the patients said that their occupational activities were hampered by the disease. They either work fewer hours or alter their activity. Some had completely given up their job. Domestic chores of most of the female patients were also impeded. Most of those affected try to avoid travel. The disability was worse in patients with acute disease. In view of the results of our and other similar studies, the disability-adjusted life years lost due to Lymphatic Filariasis must be revised and the public health importance of the disease reassessed. Considerable functional impairment coupled with recent information on economic burden and productivity loss caused by Lymphatic Filariasis necessitates paying more attention to the control of the disease.
Pradeep Das - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Delimitation of Lymphatic Filariasis transmission risk areas: a geo-environmental approach
Filaria journal, 2006Co-Authors: Sabesan S, Hari Kishan K. Raju, Adinarayanan Srividya, Pradeep DasAbstract:Background The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) depends upon Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to interrupt transmission. Therefore, delimitation of transmission risk areas is an important step, and hence we attempted to define a geo-environmental risk model (GERM) for determining the areas of potential transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis.
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Mass drug administration to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in India.
Trends in parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Kapa D. Ramaiah, Pradeep DasAbstract:Mass drug administration (MDA) to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis is already in place in 32 out of 83 endemic countries. Expansion of the MDA programme to other countries and within large countries such as India is necessary to achieve the goal of Lymphatic Filariasis elimination. However, expansion and sustenance of the global campaign to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis requires commitment and allocation of funds by governments and donor agencies. This could be achieved, at least to some extent, by highlighting the benefits of the programme in relation to costs. On the basis of various studies in south India, this article assesses the costs, effectiveness and economic and social benefits of the MDA programmes aimed at eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis.
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the economic burden of Lymphatic Filariasis in india
Parasitology Today, 2000Co-Authors: K D Ramaiah, Pradeep Das, Edwin Michael, Helen L GuyattAbstract:Lymphatic Filariasis affects 119 million people living in 73 countries, with India accounting for 40% of the global prevalence of infection. Despite its debilitating effects, Lymphatic Filariasis is given very low control priority. One of the reasons for this is paucity of information on the economic burden of the disease. Recent studies in rural areas of south India have shown that the treatment costs and loss of work time due to the disease are considerable. Based on the results of these studies, Kapa Ramaiah et al. here estimate the annual economic loss because of Lymphatic Filariasis for India and discuss the implications of their findings.
