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Teodor Rusu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH REGARDING THE INFLUENCE WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS SOYBEAN CULTIVATED IN Minimum Tillage SYSTEM
Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2016Co-Authors: Cornel Chetan, Teodor Rusu, Felicia Chetan, Alina ŞimonAbstract:The use of herbicides abused, without a thorough knowledge can be dangerous for the environment through the introduction of toxic waste in agricultural ecosystems. It is necessary to reduce the doses used in relation to the use of conservative technology, finding solutions optimized for effective weed control. Research conducted at ARDS Turda in the years 2013 and 2014 have followed the effect of 12 variants of herbicides used to control weeds in soybean crop, sown in two Tillage systems (classical system and minimal Tillage system), on the soybean production and quality indicators. Tillage system significantly influenced both qualitative indices and soybean crop production (being 2635 kg/ha to the classical and 2131 kg/ha Minimum Tillage system). The significant influence of Tillage soybeans in fat content (20.34% in Minimum Tillage system; 19.94% to the classical) and on protein (39.89% Minimum Tillage system; 40.56% in the classic).
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Soy Culture in Minimum Tillage and the Influence on Soil Attributes, ARDS Turda, 2005-2014
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca: Horticulture, 2016Co-Authors: Felicia Cheţan, Cornel Cheţan, Teodor Rusu, Alina ŞimonAbstract:The system of agriculture conservative comes must halt this process of degradation and soil protection with carpets plant debris and intervention minimal on the ground shall be avoided the process of compaction erosion by increasing fertility. Excessive processing of agricultural land with mechanical equipment and primarily the work of basic-till that mobilizes soil in depth damage to a greater extent pests and diseases in the soil but it also has negative effect by losses mineralization weaker plant debris, breaking continuity capillarity and if an angry crowd on side slopes should be done after the line of the greatest slope will promote erosion. By applying Minimum Tillage system soil at ARDS Turda, is intended primarily to combat soil erosion, keeping the water in the soil, increasing fertility, protection of the environment.
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THE ROLE OF Minimum Tillage IN PROTECTING ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN PLAIN, ROMANIA
Romanian Agricultural Research, 2015Co-Authors: Paula Ioana Moraru, Teodor Rusu, Ileana Bogdan, Adrian Ioan PopAbstract:Conservative Tillage systems tested in the hilly area of the Transylvanian Plain (Romania), confirms the possibility of improving the biological, physical, chemical and technologizcal properties of the soil. Conservative components include Minimum Tillage systems and surface incorporation of crop residues. The Minimum Tillage soil systems with paraplow, chisel or rotary harrow are polyvalent alternatives for basic preparation, germination bed preparation and sowing, for fields and crops with moderate loose requirements being optimized technologies for: soil natural fertility activation and rationalization, reduction of erosion, increasing the accumulation capacity for water and realization of sowing in the optimal period. The Minimum Tillage systems ensure an adequate aerial-hydrical regime for the biological activity intensity and for the nutrients solubility equilibrium. The vegetal material remaining at the soil surface or superficially incorporated has its contribution to intensifying the biological activity, being an important resource of organic matter. Humus content increases by 0.41%. The Minimum Tillage systems rebuild the soil structure (hydrostable macroagregate content increases up to 2.2% to 5.2%), improving the global drainage of soil which allows a rapid infiltration of water in soil. Water reserve, accumulated in the 0-50 cm depth is with 1-32 m 3 ha -1 higher in the Minimum Tillage variants. The result is a more productive soil, better protected against wind and water erosion and needing less fuel for preparing the germination bed.
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Energy efficiency and soil conservation in conventional, Minimum Tillage and no-Tillage
International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2014Co-Authors: Teodor RusuAbstract:Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the capacity of a soil Tillage system in soil conservation, in productivity and in energy efficiency. The Minimum Tillage and no-Tillage systems represent good alternatives to the conventional (plough) system of soil Tillage, due to their conservation effects on soil and to the good production of crops (Maize, 96%-98% of conventional Tillage for Minimum Tillage, and 99.8% of conventional Tillage for no till; Soybeans, 103%-112% of conventional Tillage for Minimum Tillage and 117% of conventional Tillage for no till; Wheat, 93%-97% of conventional Tillage for Minimum Tillage and 117% of conventional Tillage for no till. The choice of the right soil Tillage system for crops in rotation help reduce energy consumption, thus for maize: 97%-98% energy consumption of conventional Tillage when using Minimum Tillage and 91% when using no-Tillage; for soybeans: 98% energy consumption of conventional Tillage when using Minimum Tillage and 93 when using no-Tillage; for wheat: 97%-98% energy consumption of conventional Tillage when using Minimum Tillage and 92% when using no-Tillage. Energy efficiency is in relation to reductions in energy use, but also might include the efficiency and impact of the Tillage system on the cultivated plant. For all crops in rotation, energy efficiency (energy produced from 1 MJ consumed) was the best in no-Tillage — 10.44 MJ ha− 1 for maize, 6.49 MJ ha− 1 for soybean, and 5.66 MJ ha− 1 for wheat. An analysis of energy-efficiency in agricultural systems includes the energy consumed-energy produced-energy yield comparisons, but must be supplemented by soil energy efficiency, based on the conservative effect of the agricultural system. Only then will the agricultural system be sustainable, durable in agronomic, economic and ecological terms. The implementation of Minimum and no-Tillage soil systems has increased the organic matter content from 2% to 7.6% and water stable aggregate content from 5.6% to 9.6%, at 0–30 cm depth, as compared to the conventional system. Accumulated water supply was higher (with 12.4%-15%) for all Minimum and no-Tillage systems and increased bulk density values by 0.01%-0.03% (no significant difference) While the soil fertility and the wet aggregate stability have initially been low, the effect of conservation practices on the soil characteristics led to a positive impact on the water permeability in the soil. Availability of soil moisture during the crop growth period led to a better plant watering condition. Subsequent release of conserved soil water regulated the plant water condition and soil structure.
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Weed control in soybean cultivated in Minimum Tillage system and the production obtained at ARDS Turda.
Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2014Co-Authors: Cornel Chetan, Ileana Bogdan, Teodor Rusu, Felicia Chetan, Alina ŞimonAbstract:The use of herbicides determine productivity growth, but the herbicides are produced by synthesis, out of ecosystem. Misused of herbicides, after a thorough knowledge, they can become dangerous for the environment through the introduction of toxic residues in agricultural ecosystems. Is necessary to reduce utilized doses, to use of conservative technologies, but also is necessary some alternative solutions to build, effective weed control in new conditions. Changing the soil work system and using the soil Minimum Tillage system, like a conservative option, change the weed spectrum in soybean culture. Soybean is more sensitive to imbue culture with weed; especially in the first 25 days of the vegetation period, when the plants are grows, and the soybean plants remain undeveloped. Further fill with weeds of the culture diminishes production and the quality of the seeds. The researches at ARDS Turda in the agricultural year 2012-2013 aimed to the effect of 12 types of herbicides in soybean crop grown in two systems of soil work: classical system and Minimum Tillage system. Experience are made on a clayey - loam soil, bi-factorial experience type being, with variants specific soybean culture, with combination of herbicides and with different moments of application. Soybean yield is not influenced significantly of soil system of work, but productions are influenced distinctly significant or very significant of treatment variant of weed control. In the Minimum Tillage system fill with weeds of soybean culture are higher in comparison with classical system of soil work. This is due to the work the soil in the autumn, when it is fall plowed, and the lack of rain in spring. The system work of soil, are influence upon the spectrum of weeds and the combination of herbicides used, for an sensitive culture like soybean, may be established on complementarity by scientific considerations.
Nilantha Hulugalle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of crop rotation and Minimum Tillage on water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in a Vertisol
Irrigation Science, 2006Co-Authors: S. B. Tennakoon, Nilantha HulugalleAbstract:Crop water use efficiency of irrigated cotton was hypothesized to be improved by a combination of Minimum Tillage and sowing a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation crop. This hypothesis was evaluated in a Vertisol near Narrabri, Australia from 1997 to 2003. The experimental treatments were: continuous cotton sown after conventional or Minimum Tillage and Minimum-tilled cotton–wheat. Soil water content was measured with a neutron moisture meter, and runoff with trapezoidal flumes. Application efficiency of irrigation water was estimated as the amount of infiltrated water/total amount applied. Plant available water was estimated using the maximum and Minimum soil water storage during the growing season. Evapotranspiration was estimated with the water balance method using measured and simulated soil water data. Seasonal evapotranspiration was partitioned into that coming from rainfall, irrigation and stored soil water. Crop water use efficiency was calculated as cotton lint yield per hectare/seasonal evapotranspiration. Rotation of cotton with wheat and Minimum Tillage improved water use efficiency in some years and application efficiency in all years. Average seasonal evapotranspiration was higher with Minimum Tillage than with conventional Tillage. In years when cotton was sown in all plots, average cotton crop water use efficiencies were 0.23, 0.23 and 0.22 kg (lint)/m^3 for Minimum-tilled cotton–wheat and continuous cotton, and conventionally tilled continuous cotton, respectively. In-season rainfall efficiency, transpiration and soil evaporation were unaffected by cropping system.
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Soil properties, nutrient uptake and crop growth in an irrigated Vertisol after nine years of Minimum Tillage
Soil & Tillage Research, 1997Co-Authors: Nilantha Hulugalle, P. C. EntwistleAbstract:The effects of three contrasting Tillage / cropping combinations on soil properties, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of cotton and cowpea during 1993–1994 were evaluated in a trial running since 1985 in a Typic Pellustert (Vertisol) of north-western New South Wales, Australia. The treatments from 1985 to 1993 were: (a) maximum Tillage (disc-ploughing to 0.2 m depth, chisel ploughing to 0.3 m depth followed by ridging every year) sown with continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); (b) Minimum Tillage (planting on ridges retained intact from previous years with soil disturbance being limited to deepening of the furrows with disc-hillers and shallow cultivation on ridge surfaces, if required) with continuous cotton; and (c) a cotton-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer (bare) fallow-cotton sequence where cotton was sown with Minimum Tillage and wheat was sown with no-Tillage. Soil was sampled to a depth of 0.6 m in August 1993 and May–June 1994. Soil properties evaluated were organic matter fractions, dispersion index, soil resilience (a measure of the self-mulching ability of the soil), plastic limit, soil strength (as cone index), soil shrinkage indices derived from shrinkage curves, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na, pH, nitrate-N and electrical conductivity. Profile water content and water extraction, nutrient uptake, crop vegetative growth, cotton lint yield and fibre quality were also quantified. In comparison with maximum Tillage, values of exchangeable Na, ESP and dispersion index were lower with Minimum Tillage in 1993 and 1994, and nitrate-N, particulate and total organic matter were greater and pH lower in 1994. Soil compaction (evaluated from shrinkage indices) in ridges was in the order Minimum Tillage / cotton-wheat-fallow-cotton < Minimum Tillage / continuous cotton < maximum Tillage / continuous cotton, whereas subsoil compaction in maximum tilied plots was less than that in Minimum tilled plots. In comparison with published data, however, subsoil compaction was large in all treatments. Nonetheless, water extraction during extended drying cycles was deeper and more extensive with Minimum Tillage and suggests that “by-pass channels” may have played a significant role in determining water extraction patterns at this site. Nutrient concentrations in plant tissues were not significantly affected by Tillage / crop combinations. In comparison with maximum Tillage, vegetative growth of cotton and cowpea in January and February (the peak of the summer crop growing season), and cotton lint yield were higher, and cotton lint fibre quality was better with Minimum Tillage. The highest lint yield and value, and the best fibre quality occurred where Minimum Tillage / cotton-wheat-summer fallow-cotton had been sown in the past.
M A Rahman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Minimum Tillage unpuddled transplanting an alternative crop establishment strategy for rice in conservation agriculture cropping systems
Field Crops Research, 2016Co-Authors: M E Haque, R W Bell, M A Islam, M A RahmanAbstract:Adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) has been hampered in puddled rice-based cropping systems. In this study, we developed a method for transplanting rice (Oryza sativa L.) with minimal soil disturbance (referred to as Minimum Tillage unpuddled transplanting) that can expand the range of situations where CA could be practiced in rice-based cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted over three years at two sites with unpuddled and puddled rice comparisons in each monsoon season. In addition, transplanted rice was grown in three seasons on unpuddled or fully puddled soils in a total of 27 farmers' plots in north-west Bangladesh. In each year and season, Minimum Tillage unpuddled conditions were established by strip Tillage and compared with single pass shallow Tillage or bed formation, and with the conventional soil puddling and transplanting. Unpuddled transplanting by any of the three single-pass soil disturbance operations had no negative effect on rice yields across seasons and years. The Minimum soil disturbance in strip Tillage did not impede transplanting of rice or increase the labor costs of transplanting compared to puddled transplanting except in the farmers' plot of the first season. All single-pass and Minimum soil disturbance Tillage operations reduced cost of production, and increased the gross margin of rice relative to conventional puddling and transplanting. Minimum Tillage unpuddled transplanting reduced the time taken for land preparation and crop establishment and decreased the number of irrigation events required to saturate the soil. Minimum Tillage unpuddled transplanting appears to be a feasible approach for establishment of wetland rice in CA systems.
Enamul Haque - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Minimum Tillage systems on water balance for rice-based rotations in Northwest Bangladesh
2017Co-Authors: M.n.h. Mahmud, Richard W. Bell, W. Vance, Enamul HaqueAbstract:Controlled traffic and Minimum Tillage are expected over time to alleviate degraded soil structure, particularly in rice –based cropping soils that experience annual soil puddling and intensive Tillage. However, Minimum Tillage over time may weaken the plough pan and in turn alter water balance in the rice-based systems. This implication of a change of water balance may be detrimental for rice but beneficial for following crops and for groundwater recharge. The aim of the current study is to determine how soil structure changes over time under continuous Minimum Tillage system and how changes in soil structure, particularly in the plough pan, affects water balance in rice-based cropping system. This paper reports the magnitude of water balance components in different Tillage practices for the Boro rice period of the crop sequence.
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Keynote paper: Minimum Tillage non-puddled transplanting of rice: An overview
2017Co-Authors: Richard W. Bell, Enamul HaqueAbstract:Labour-intensive and water-demanding practices for rice cultivation such as soil puddling and transplanting of rice seedlings are no longer feasible in many parts of Asia due to declining labour and irrigation water availability. Non-puddled transplanting into soils with Minimum soil disturbance (NPT) is a possible approach for rice seedling establishment that could decrease the labour and water requirements and cost of establishment of rice while maintaining some of the advantages that transplanting and flooding of soils bring, namely weed control and increased nutrient availability. The present paper reviews earlier work on the NPT technology in the Indo-Gangetic plain and then examines the findings for Minimum Tillage NPT of rice seedlings in Bangladesh.
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Weed management in mustard (Brassica napus L.) under Minimum Tillage and crop residues
2014Co-Authors: M.m. Hossain, Mahfuza Begum, M. Mahbubur Rahman, A. Hashem, Richard W. Bell, Enamul HaqueAbstract:Weed management is critical to obtaining profitable yields in Minimum Tillage system. Innovative weed control strategies including chemical methods will continue to be an essential component in the development of sustainable conservation agriculture (CA) practices (Andrew and Kelton, 2011). Weed management in Minimum Tillage relied on extensive use of herbicides. This may leads to the development of resistance in weeds. Crop residue can decrease density and dry weight of perennial weeds by 35 and 75%, respectively, and of annual weeds around 80% compared to no residue (Fisk et al., 2001). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue can reduce weed seedling emergence in corn by 45% (Crutchfield et al., 1986) and weed biomass in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) by 60% (Wicks et al., 1994). These results suggest that, residue retention can be a promising method providing a sustainable approach for suppressing weeds in conservation Tillage. Therefore, a study was undertaken to examine, weeds management and yield performance of mustard under Minimum Tillage and different levels of residue retention.
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Evaluation of a mechanical rice transplanter under Minimum Tillage unpuddled soil conditions
2014Co-Authors: Hossen, M.m. Hossain, Enamul Haque, M. M. Alam, Richard W. BellAbstract:Labour shortages for rice transplanting across Asia are stimulating interest in mechanical transplanting. While the transplanters have been evaluated in puddled soils, there is little understanding of their efficacy for transplanting into soils following Minimum Tillage such as zero Tillage, strip Tillage and raised beds. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a mechanical rice transplanter (4 rows walk-behind type daedong rice transplanter, model DP480) under Minimum Tillage options at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute research farm, Gazipur and on a farmer’s field at Kumarkhali, Kushtia, Bangladesh during the irrigated dry season of 2012-13 and the non-irrigated wet season of 2013.
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Study on inundation periods of land for mechanical transplanting under Minimum Tillage unpuddled transplanting
2014Co-Authors: Hossen, M.m. Hossain, Enamul Haque, M. M. Alam, Richard W. BellAbstract:In Bangladesh and other countries in Asia, manual transplanting of rice into puddled soil is conventional practice but relies on access to cheap readily-available labour. Besides being costly and time consuming, puddling results in degradation of soil (Chauhan et al., 2012). The use of continuous puddling results in the formation of a hard pan with a consequent increase in bulk density and lowering of hydraulic conductivity below the plow layer (Singh et al., 2009). To overcome labour and water shortages, mechanical transplanting of rice under Minimum Tillage is of considerable interest but little is known of the optimal inundation for soils before transplanting. In this study both farmers’ participatory and research station-based experiments evaluated the performance of a mechanical rice transplanter at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute research farm, Gazipur and on farmers’ fields at Kushtia and Rangpur, Bangladesh under Minimum Tillage options and varied inundation periods.
S. B. Tennakoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of crop rotation and Minimum Tillage on water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in a Vertisol
Irrigation Science, 2006Co-Authors: S. B. Tennakoon, Nilantha HulugalleAbstract:Crop water use efficiency of irrigated cotton was hypothesized to be improved by a combination of Minimum Tillage and sowing a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation crop. This hypothesis was evaluated in a Vertisol near Narrabri, Australia from 1997 to 2003. The experimental treatments were: continuous cotton sown after conventional or Minimum Tillage and Minimum-tilled cotton–wheat. Soil water content was measured with a neutron moisture meter, and runoff with trapezoidal flumes. Application efficiency of irrigation water was estimated as the amount of infiltrated water/total amount applied. Plant available water was estimated using the maximum and Minimum soil water storage during the growing season. Evapotranspiration was estimated with the water balance method using measured and simulated soil water data. Seasonal evapotranspiration was partitioned into that coming from rainfall, irrigation and stored soil water. Crop water use efficiency was calculated as cotton lint yield per hectare/seasonal evapotranspiration. Rotation of cotton with wheat and Minimum Tillage improved water use efficiency in some years and application efficiency in all years. Average seasonal evapotranspiration was higher with Minimum Tillage than with conventional Tillage. In years when cotton was sown in all plots, average cotton crop water use efficiencies were 0.23, 0.23 and 0.22 kg (lint)/m^3 for Minimum-tilled cotton–wheat and continuous cotton, and conventionally tilled continuous cotton, respectively. In-season rainfall efficiency, transpiration and soil evaporation were unaffected by cropping system.