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Seeram Ramakrishna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electrospinning of poly(glycerol sebacate)-based nanofibers for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering C, 2017Co-Authors: Jue Hu, Hongye Ye, Dan Kai, Lingling Tian, Seeram Ramakrishna, Xin Ding, Xian Jun LohAbstract:Nerve Tissue Engineering (TE) requires biomimetic scaffolds providing essential chemical and topographical cues for Nerve regeneration. Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a biodegradable and elastic polymer that has gained great interest as a TE scaffolding biomaterial. However, uncured PGS is difficult to be electrospun into nanofibers. PGS would, therefore, require the addition of electrospinning agents. In this study, we modified PGS by using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to synthesize PGS-based copolymers with methyl methacrylate (MMA). The synthesized PGS-PMMA copolymer showed a molecular weight of 82 kDa and a glass transition temperature of 115 °C. More importantly, the PGS-PMMA could be easily electrospun into nanofiber with a fiber diameter of 167 ± 33 nm. Blending gelatin into PGS-PMMA nanofibers was found to increase its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Rat PC12 cells were seeded onto the PGS-PMMA/gelatin nanofibers to investigate their potential for Nerve regeneration. It was found that gelatin-containing PGS-based nanofibers promoted cell proliferation. The elongated cell morphology observed on such nanofibers indicated that the scaffolds could induce the neurite outgrowth of the Nerve stem cells. Overall, our study suggested that the synthesis of PGS-based copolymers might be a promising approach to enhance their processability, and therefore advancing bioscaffold Engineering for various TE applications.
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interaction of schwann cells with laminin encapsulated plcl core shell nanofibers for Nerve Tissue Engineering
European Polymer Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski, Wojciech Swieszkowski, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Ewa Kijenska, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:Abstract Nerve Tissue Engineering (TE) is a rapidly expanding area of research advancing towards the repair and regeneration of non-union peripheral Nerve defects caused by injuries. The current challenge for researchers is to develop a biomimetic scaffold that is capable of stimulating the re-growth of the native Tissue, thus structurally mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing chemical guidance cues and mechanical support for re-enervation of the damaged region. Laminin is a glycoprotein naturally occurring in Nerves and it plays a significant role towards the migration of Nerve cells and axonal outgrowth. In this study, laminin incorporated scaffolds were produced by co-axial electrospinning and blend electrospinning techniques, in order to develop suitable biomaterial constructs for peripheral Nerve Tissue regeneration. Core–shell and blend nanofibers of laminin incorporated poly( L -lactic acid)-co-poly(e-caprolactone) (PLCL) with diameters of 316 ± 110 nm and 350 ± 112 nm were respectively, fabricated and the morphology, surface hydrophilicity, chemical and mechanical properties were investigated. The ability of attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds was investigated by cell proliferation assay and their phenotype was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining using specific S100 antibody. The cells were found to attach and proliferate on core–shell PLCL–laminin scaffolds, expressing bi- and tri-polar elongations retaining their typical phenotype. Results of 7 days of in vitro culture of Schwann cells, showed 78% increase in cell proliferation on core–shell structured nanofibers compared to blend PLCL–laminin scaffolds, which confirmed the potential application of these constructs as substrates for peripheral Nerve regeneration.
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Interaction of Schwann cells with laminin encapsulated PLCL core–shell nanofibers for Nerve Tissue Engineering
European Polymer Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Ewa Kijeńska, Wojciech Swieszkowski, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:Abstract Nerve Tissue Engineering (TE) is a rapidly expanding area of research advancing towards the repair and regeneration of non-union peripheral Nerve defects caused by injuries. The current challenge for researchers is to develop a biomimetic scaffold that is capable of stimulating the re-growth of the native Tissue, thus structurally mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing chemical guidance cues and mechanical support for re-enervation of the damaged region. Laminin is a glycoprotein naturally occurring in Nerves and it plays a significant role towards the migration of Nerve cells and axonal outgrowth. In this study, laminin incorporated scaffolds were produced by co-axial electrospinning and blend electrospinning techniques, in order to develop suitable biomaterial constructs for peripheral Nerve Tissue regeneration. Core–shell and blend nanofibers of laminin incorporated poly( L -lactic acid)-co-poly(e-caprolactone) (PLCL) with diameters of 316 ± 110 nm and 350 ± 112 nm were respectively, fabricated and the morphology, surface hydrophilicity, chemical and mechanical properties were investigated. The ability of attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds was investigated by cell proliferation assay and their phenotype was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining using specific S100 antibody. The cells were found to attach and proliferate on core–shell PLCL–laminin scaffolds, expressing bi- and tri-polar elongations retaining their typical phenotype. Results of 7 days of in vitro culture of Schwann cells, showed 78% increase in cell proliferation on core–shell structured nanofibers compared to blend PLCL–laminin scaffolds, which confirmed the potential application of these constructs as substrates for peripheral Nerve regeneration.
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electrospun aligned phbv collagen nanofibers as substrates for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2013Co-Authors: Molamma P Prabhakaran, Elham Vatankhah, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:Nerve regeneration following the injury of Nerve Tissue remains a major issue in the therapeutic medical field. Various bio-mimetic strategies are employed to direct the Nerve growth in vitro, among which the chemical and topographical cues elicited by the scaffolds are crucial parameters that is primarily responsible for the axon growth and neurite extension involved in Nerve regeneration. We carried out electrospinning for the first time, to fabricate both random and aligned nanofibers of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate; PHBV) and composite PHBV/collagen nanofibers with fiber diameters in the range of 386-472 nm and 205-266 nm, respectively. To evaluate the potential of electrospun aligned nanofibers of PHBV and composite scaffolds as a substrate for Nerve regeneration, we cultured Nerve cells (PC12) and studied the biocompatibility effect along with neurite extension by immunostaining studies. Cell proliferation assays showed 40.01% and 5.48% higher proliferation of Nerve cells on aligned PHBV/Coll50:50 nanofibers compared to cell proliferation on aligned PHBV and PHBV/Col75:25 nanofibers, respectively. Aligned nanofibers of PHBV/Coll provided contact guidance to direct the orientation of Nerve cells along the direction of the fibers, thus endowing elongated cell morphology, with bi-polar neurite extensions required for Nerve regeneration. Results showed that aligned PHBV/Col nanofibers are promising substrates than the random PHBV/Col nanofibers for application as bioengineered grafts for Nerve Tissue regeneration.
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Electrospun aligned PHBV/collagen nanofibers as substrates for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2013Co-Authors: Molamma P Prabhakaran, Elham Vatankhah, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:: Nerve regeneration following the injury of Nerve Tissue remains a major issue in the therapeutic medical field. Various bio-mimetic strategies are employed to direct the Nerve growth in vitro, among which the chemical and topographical cues elicited by the scaffolds are crucial parameters that is primarily responsible for the axon growth and neurite extension involved in Nerve regeneration. We carried out electrospinning for the first time, to fabricate both random and aligned nanofibers of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate; PHBV) and composite PHBV/collagen nanofibers with fiber diameters in the range of 386-472 nm and 205-266 nm, respectively. To evaluate the potential of electrospun aligned nanofibers of PHBV and composite scaffolds as a substrate for Nerve regeneration, we cultured Nerve cells (PC12) and studied the biocompatibility effect along with neurite extension by immunostaining studies. Cell proliferation assays showed 40.01% and 5.48% higher proliferation of Nerve cells on aligned PHBV/Coll50:50 nanofibers compared to cell proliferation on aligned PHBV and PHBV/Col75:25 nanofibers, respectively. Aligned nanofibers of PHBV/Coll provided contact guidance to direct the orientation of Nerve cells along the direction of the fibers, thus endowing elongated cell morphology, with bi-polar neurite extensions required for Nerve regeneration. Results showed that aligned PHBV/Col nanofibers are promising substrates than the random PHBV/Col nanofibers for application as bioengineered grafts for Nerve Tissue regeneration.
Molamma P Prabhakaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interaction of schwann cells with laminin encapsulated plcl core shell nanofibers for Nerve Tissue Engineering
European Polymer Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski, Wojciech Swieszkowski, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Ewa Kijenska, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:Abstract Nerve Tissue Engineering (TE) is a rapidly expanding area of research advancing towards the repair and regeneration of non-union peripheral Nerve defects caused by injuries. The current challenge for researchers is to develop a biomimetic scaffold that is capable of stimulating the re-growth of the native Tissue, thus structurally mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing chemical guidance cues and mechanical support for re-enervation of the damaged region. Laminin is a glycoprotein naturally occurring in Nerves and it plays a significant role towards the migration of Nerve cells and axonal outgrowth. In this study, laminin incorporated scaffolds were produced by co-axial electrospinning and blend electrospinning techniques, in order to develop suitable biomaterial constructs for peripheral Nerve Tissue regeneration. Core–shell and blend nanofibers of laminin incorporated poly( L -lactic acid)-co-poly(e-caprolactone) (PLCL) with diameters of 316 ± 110 nm and 350 ± 112 nm were respectively, fabricated and the morphology, surface hydrophilicity, chemical and mechanical properties were investigated. The ability of attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds was investigated by cell proliferation assay and their phenotype was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining using specific S100 antibody. The cells were found to attach and proliferate on core–shell PLCL–laminin scaffolds, expressing bi- and tri-polar elongations retaining their typical phenotype. Results of 7 days of in vitro culture of Schwann cells, showed 78% increase in cell proliferation on core–shell structured nanofibers compared to blend PLCL–laminin scaffolds, which confirmed the potential application of these constructs as substrates for peripheral Nerve regeneration.
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Interaction of Schwann cells with laminin encapsulated PLCL core–shell nanofibers for Nerve Tissue Engineering
European Polymer Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Ewa Kijeńska, Wojciech Swieszkowski, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:Abstract Nerve Tissue Engineering (TE) is a rapidly expanding area of research advancing towards the repair and regeneration of non-union peripheral Nerve defects caused by injuries. The current challenge for researchers is to develop a biomimetic scaffold that is capable of stimulating the re-growth of the native Tissue, thus structurally mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing chemical guidance cues and mechanical support for re-enervation of the damaged region. Laminin is a glycoprotein naturally occurring in Nerves and it plays a significant role towards the migration of Nerve cells and axonal outgrowth. In this study, laminin incorporated scaffolds were produced by co-axial electrospinning and blend electrospinning techniques, in order to develop suitable biomaterial constructs for peripheral Nerve Tissue regeneration. Core–shell and blend nanofibers of laminin incorporated poly( L -lactic acid)-co-poly(e-caprolactone) (PLCL) with diameters of 316 ± 110 nm and 350 ± 112 nm were respectively, fabricated and the morphology, surface hydrophilicity, chemical and mechanical properties were investigated. The ability of attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds was investigated by cell proliferation assay and their phenotype was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining using specific S100 antibody. The cells were found to attach and proliferate on core–shell PLCL–laminin scaffolds, expressing bi- and tri-polar elongations retaining their typical phenotype. Results of 7 days of in vitro culture of Schwann cells, showed 78% increase in cell proliferation on core–shell structured nanofibers compared to blend PLCL–laminin scaffolds, which confirmed the potential application of these constructs as substrates for peripheral Nerve regeneration.
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electrospun aligned phbv collagen nanofibers as substrates for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2013Co-Authors: Molamma P Prabhakaran, Elham Vatankhah, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:Nerve regeneration following the injury of Nerve Tissue remains a major issue in the therapeutic medical field. Various bio-mimetic strategies are employed to direct the Nerve growth in vitro, among which the chemical and topographical cues elicited by the scaffolds are crucial parameters that is primarily responsible for the axon growth and neurite extension involved in Nerve regeneration. We carried out electrospinning for the first time, to fabricate both random and aligned nanofibers of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate; PHBV) and composite PHBV/collagen nanofibers with fiber diameters in the range of 386-472 nm and 205-266 nm, respectively. To evaluate the potential of electrospun aligned nanofibers of PHBV and composite scaffolds as a substrate for Nerve regeneration, we cultured Nerve cells (PC12) and studied the biocompatibility effect along with neurite extension by immunostaining studies. Cell proliferation assays showed 40.01% and 5.48% higher proliferation of Nerve cells on aligned PHBV/Coll50:50 nanofibers compared to cell proliferation on aligned PHBV and PHBV/Col75:25 nanofibers, respectively. Aligned nanofibers of PHBV/Coll provided contact guidance to direct the orientation of Nerve cells along the direction of the fibers, thus endowing elongated cell morphology, with bi-polar neurite extensions required for Nerve regeneration. Results showed that aligned PHBV/Col nanofibers are promising substrates than the random PHBV/Col nanofibers for application as bioengineered grafts for Nerve Tissue regeneration.
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Electrospun aligned PHBV/collagen nanofibers as substrates for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2013Co-Authors: Molamma P Prabhakaran, Elham Vatankhah, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:: Nerve regeneration following the injury of Nerve Tissue remains a major issue in the therapeutic medical field. Various bio-mimetic strategies are employed to direct the Nerve growth in vitro, among which the chemical and topographical cues elicited by the scaffolds are crucial parameters that is primarily responsible for the axon growth and neurite extension involved in Nerve regeneration. We carried out electrospinning for the first time, to fabricate both random and aligned nanofibers of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate; PHBV) and composite PHBV/collagen nanofibers with fiber diameters in the range of 386-472 nm and 205-266 nm, respectively. To evaluate the potential of electrospun aligned nanofibers of PHBV and composite scaffolds as a substrate for Nerve regeneration, we cultured Nerve cells (PC12) and studied the biocompatibility effect along with neurite extension by immunostaining studies. Cell proliferation assays showed 40.01% and 5.48% higher proliferation of Nerve cells on aligned PHBV/Coll50:50 nanofibers compared to cell proliferation on aligned PHBV and PHBV/Col75:25 nanofibers, respectively. Aligned nanofibers of PHBV/Coll provided contact guidance to direct the orientation of Nerve cells along the direction of the fibers, thus endowing elongated cell morphology, with bi-polar neurite extensions required for Nerve regeneration. Results showed that aligned PHBV/Col nanofibers are promising substrates than the random PHBV/Col nanofibers for application as bioengineered grafts for Nerve Tissue regeneration.
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electrospun bio composite p lla cl collagen i collagen iii scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, 2012Co-Authors: Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski, Wojciech Swieszkowski, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Ewa Kijenska, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:One of the biggest challenges in peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering is to create an artificial Nerve graft that could mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and assist in Nerve regeneration. Bio-composite nanofibrous scaffolds made from synthetic and natural polymeric blends provide suitable substrate for Tissue Engineering and it can be used as Nerve guides eliminating the need of autologous Nerve grafts. Nanotopography or orientation of the fibers within the scaffolds greatly influences the Nerve cell morphology and outgrowth, and the alignment of the fibers ensures better contact guidance of the cells. In this study, poly (L-lactic acid)-co-poly(e-caprolactone) or P(LLA-CL), collagen I and collagen III are utilized for the fabrication of nanofibers of different compositions and orientations (random and aligned) by electrospinning. The morphology, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the electrospun scaffolds along with their biocompatibility using C17.2 Nerve stem cells are studied to identify the suitable material compositions and topography of the electrospun scaffolds required for peripheral Nerve regeneration. Aligned P(LLA-CL)/collagen I/collagen III nanofibrous scaffolds with average diameter of 253 6 102 nm were fabricated and characterized with a tensile strength of 11.59 6 1.68 MPa. Cell proliferation studies showed 22% increase in cell proliferation on aligned P(LLA-CL)/collagen I/collagen III scaffolds compared with aligned pure P(LLA-CL) scaffolds. Results of our in vitro cell proliferation, cell-scaffold interaction, and neurofilament protein expression studies demonstrated that the electrospun aligned P(LLA-CL)/collagen I/collagen III nanofibrous scaffolds mimic more closely towards the ECM of Nerve and have great potential as a substrate for accelerated regeneration of the Nerve. V
Xiongbiao Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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indirect 3d bioprinting and characterization of alginate scaffolds for potential Nerve Tissue Engineering applications
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2019Co-Authors: Saman Naghieh, M D Sarker, Emily Abelseth, Xiongbiao ChenAbstract:Abstract Low-concentration hydrogels have favorable properties for many cell functions in Tissue Engineering but are considerably limited from a scaffold fabrication point of view due to poor three-dimensional (3D) printability. Here, we developed an indirect-bioprinting process for alginate scaffolds and characterized the potential of these scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering applications. The indirect-bioprinting process involves (1) printing a sacrificial framework from gelatin, (2) impregnating the framework with low-concentration alginate, and (3) removing the gelatin framework by an incubation process, thus forming low-concentration alginate scaffolds. The scaffolds were characterized by compression testing, swelling, degradation, and morphological and biological assessment of incorporated or seeded Schwann cells. For comparison, varying concentrations of alginate scaffolds (from 0.5% to 3%) were fabricated and sterilized using either ultraviolet light or ethanol. Results indicated that scaffolds can be fabricated using the indirect-bioprinting process, wherein the scaffold properties are affected by the concentration of alginate and sterilization technique used. These factors provide effective means of regulating the properties of scaffolds fabricated using the indirect-bioprinting process. Cell-incorporated scaffolds demonstrated better cell viability than bulk gels. In addition, scaffolds showed better cell functionality when fabricated with a lower concentration of alginate compared to a higher concentration. The indirect-bioprinting process that we implemented could be extended to other types of low-concentration hydrogels to address the tradeoffs between printability and properties for favorable cell functions.
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3d bioprinting of scaffolds with living schwann cells for potential Nerve Tissue Engineering applications
Biofabrication, 2018Co-Authors: Liqun Ning, Tiphanie Lelong, Romain Guilloteau, David J Schreyer, Xiongbiao ChenAbstract:Three-dimensional bioprinting of biomaterials shows great potential for producing cell-encapsulated scaffolds to repair Nerves after injury or disease. For this, preparation of biomaterials and bioprinting itself are critical to create scaffolds with both biological and mechanical properties appropriate for Nerve regeneration, yet remain unachievable. This paper presents our study on bioprinting Schwann cell-encapsulated scaffolds using composite hydrogels of alginate, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and/or RGD peptide, for Nerve Tissue Engineering applications. For the preparation of composite hydrogels, suitable hydrogel combinations were identified and prepared by adjusting the concentration of fibrin based on the morphological spreading of Schwann cells. In bioprinting, the effects of various printing process parameters (including the air pressure for dispensing, dispensing head movement speed, and crosslinking conditions) on printed structures were investigated and, by regulating these parameters, mechanically-stable scaffolds with fully interconnected pores were printed. The performance of Schwann cells within the printed scaffolds were examined in terms of viability, proliferation, orientation, and ability to produce laminin. Our results show that the printed scaffolds can promote the alignment of Schwann cells inside scaffolds and thus provide haptotactic cues to direct the extension of dorsal root ganglion neurites along the printed strands, demonstrating their great potential for applications in the field of Nerve Tissue Engineering.
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novel crosslinked alginate hyaluronic acid hydrogels for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Frontiers of Materials Science, 2013Co-Authors: Mindan Wang, David J Schreyer, Peng Zhai, Ruoshi Zheng, Xiongbiao ChenAbstract:Artificial Tissue Engineering scaffolds can potentially provide support and guidance for the regrowth of severed axons following Nerve injury. In this study, a hybrid biomaterial composed of alginate and hyaluronic acid (HA) was synthesized and characterized in terms of its suitability for covalent modification, biocompatibility for living Schwann cells and feasibility to construct three dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Carbodiimide mediated amide formation for the purpose of covalent crosslinking of the HA was carried out in the presence of calciumions that ionically crosslink alginate. Amide formation was found to be dependent on the concentrations of carbodiimide and calcium chloride. The double-crosslinked composite hydrogels display biocompatibility that is comparable to simple HA hydrogels, allowing for Schwann cell survival and growth. No significant difference was found between composite hydrogels made from different ratios of alginate and HA. A 3D BioPlotter™ rapid prototyping system was used to fabricate 3D scaffolds. The result indicated that combining HA with alginate facilitated the fabrication process and that 3D scaffolds with porous inner structure can be fabricated from the composite hydrogels, but not from HA alone. This information provides a basis for continuing in vitro and in vivo tests of the suitability of alginate/HA hydrogel as a biomaterial to create living cell scaffolds to support Nerve regeneration.
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Novel crosslinked alginate/hyaluronic acid hydrogels for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Frontiers of Materials Science, 2013Co-Authors: Mindan Wang, David J Schreyer, Peng Zhai, Ruoshi Zheng, Xiongbiao ChenAbstract:Artificial Tissue Engineering scaffolds can potentially provide support and guidance for the regrowth of severed axons following Nerve injury. In this study, a hybrid biomaterial composed of alginate and hyaluronic acid (HA) was synthesized and characterized in terms of its suitability for covalent modification, biocompatibility for living Schwann cells and feasibility to construct three dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Carbodiimide mediated amide formation for the purpose of covalent crosslinking of the HA was carried out in the presence of calciumions that ionically crosslink alginate. Amide formation was found to be dependent on the concentrations of carbodiimide and calcium chloride. The double-crosslinked composite hydrogels display biocompatibility that is comparable to simple HA hydrogels, allowing for Schwann cell survival and growth. No significant difference was found between composite hydrogels made from different ratios of alginate and HA. A 3D BioPlotter™ rapid prototyping system was used to fabricate 3D scaffolds. The result indicated that combining HA with alginate facilitated the fabrication process and that 3D scaffolds with porous inner structure can be fabricated from the composite hydrogels, but not from HA alone. This information provides a basis for continuing in vitro and in vivo tests of the suitability of alginate/HA hydrogel as a biomaterial to create living cell scaffolds to support Nerve regeneration.
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A Brief Review of Visualization Techniques for Nerve Tissue Engineering Applications
Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Xiongbiao Chen, Dean ChapmanAbstract:In Nerve Tissue Engineering, scaffolds act as carriers for cells and biochemical factors and as constructs providing appropriate mechanical conditions. During Nerve regeneration, new Tissue grows into the scaffolds, which degrade gradually. To optimize this process, researchers must study and analyze various morphological and structural features of the scaffolds, the ingrowth of Nerve Tissue, and scaffold degradation. Therefore, visualization of the scaffolds as well as the generated Nerve Tissue is essential, yet challenging Visualization techniques currently used in Nerve Tissue Engineering include electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT or μCT). Synchrotron-based micro-CT (SRμCT) is an emerging and promising technique, drawing considerable recent attention. Here, we review typical applications of these visualization techniques in Nerve Tissue Engineering. The promise, feasibility, and challenges of SRμCT as a visualization technique applied to Nerve Tissue Engineering are also discussed.
Jayarama Reddy Venugopal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aligned and random nanofibrous substrate for the in vitro culture of schwann cells for neural Tissue Engineering
Acta Biomaterialia, 2009Co-Authors: Deepika Gupta, Aw Tar Choon, Jayarama Reddy Venugopal, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:Abstract The current challenge in peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering is to produce an implantable scaffold capable of bridging long Nerve gaps that will produce results similar to autograft without requiring the harvest of autologous donor Tissue. Aligned and random polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/gelatin) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated for the in vitro culture of Schwann cells that assist in directing the growth of regenerating axons in Nerve Tissue Engineering. The average fiber diameter attained by electrospinning of polymer blend (PCL/gelatin) ranged from 232 ± 194 to 160 ± 86 nm with high porosity (90%). Blending PCL with gelatin resulted in increased hydrophilicity of nanofibrous scaffolds and yielded better mechanical properties, approaching those of PCL nanofibers. The biocompatibility of fabricated nanofibers was assessed for culturing and proliferation of Schwann cells by MTS assay. The results of the MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that aligned and random PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds are suitable substrates for Schwann cell growth as compared to PCL nanofibrous scaffolds for neural Tissue Engineering.
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Aligned and random nanofibrous substrate for the in vitro culture of Schwann cells for neural Tissue Engineering
Acta Biomaterialia, 2009Co-Authors: Deepika Gupta, Sharon Low, Aw Tar Choon, V R Giri Dev, Jayarama Reddy Venugopal, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:The current challenge in peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering is to produce an implantable scaffold capable of bridging long Nerve gaps that will produce results similar to autograft without requiring the harvest of autologous donor Tissue. Aligned and random polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/gelatin) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated for the in vitro culture of Schwann cells that assist in directing the growth of regenerating axons in Nerve Tissue Engineering. The average fiber diameter attained by electrospinning of polymer blend (PCL/gelatin) ranged from 232 ± 194 to 160 ± 86 nm with high porosity (90%). Blending PCL with gelatin resulted in increased hydrophilicity of nanofibrous scaffolds and yielded better mechanical properties, approaching those of PCL nanofibers. The biocompatibility of fabricated nanofibers was assessed for culturing and proliferation of Schwann cells by MTS assay. The results of the MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that aligned and random PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds are suitable substrates for Schwann cell growth as compared to PCL nanofibrous scaffolds for neural Tissue Engineering. © 2009 Acta Materialia Inc.
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surface modified electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Nanotechnology, 2008Co-Authors: Molamma P Prabhakaran, Jayarama Reddy Venugopal, Casey K Chan, Seeram RamakrishnaAbstract:The development of biodegradable polymeric scaffolds with surface properties that dominate interactions between the material and biological environment is of great interest in biomedical applications. In this regard, poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated by an electrospinning process and surface modified by a simple plasma treatment process for enhancing the Schwann cell adhesion, proliferation and interactions with nanofibers necessary for Nerve Tissue formation. The hydrophilicity of surface modified PCL nanofibrous scaffolds (p-PCL) was evaluated by contact angle and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. Naturally derived polymers such as collagen are frequently used for the fabrication of biocomposite PCL/collagen scaffolds, though the feasibility of procuring large amounts of natural materials for clinical applications remains a concern, along with their cost and mechanical stability. The proliferation of Schwann cells on p-PCL nanofibrous scaffolds showed a 17% increase in cell proliferation compared to those on PCL/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds after 8 days of cell culture. Schwann cells were found to attach and proliferate on surface modified PCL nanofibrous scaffolds expressing bipolar elongations, retaining their normal morphology. The results of our study showed that plasma treated PCL nanofibrous scaffolds are a cost-effective material compared to PCL/collagen scaffolds, and can potentially serve as an ideal Tissue engineered scaffold, especially for peripheral Nerve regeneration.
Sheyda Labbaf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of three dimensional piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride graphene oxide scaffold by non solvent induced phase separation method for Nerve Tissue Engineering
Materials & Design, 2019Co-Authors: Nadia Abzan, Mahshid Kharaziha, Sheyda LabbafAbstract:Abstract In this work, non-solvent induced phase separation method was applied to develop polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/graphene oxide (GO) scaffold for Nerve Tissue Engineering. Furthermore, the effects of GO concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 wt%) on the electrical, mechanical, physical and biological properties of scaffolds were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that, incorporation of GO nanosheets in the PVDF matrix decreased water contact angle, while enhanced the hydrophilicity, water absorption and water flux of the scaffolds. Moreover, mechanical properties of the nanocomposite scaffolds improved in the presence of GO nanosheets. Significantly, increasing GO content up to 3 wt% enhanced tensile modulus and strength of PVDF scaffold from 8.1 ± 1.4 and 0.8 ± 0.2 MPa to 17.0 ± 3.7 and 1.4 ± 0.4 MPa, respectively. Incorporation of GO nanosheets into the PVDF scaffold simultaneously enhanced β phase fraction, piezoelectricity and electrical conductivity of all nanocomposite scaffolds. Furthermore, PVDF-GO scaffolds significantly promoted cell proliferation, compared to PVDF scaffold, depending on the GO content. Finally, PVDF-GO scaffold could easily be converted in to a Nerve guidance conduit with 4 internal longitudinally aligned channels making it appropriate for the Nerve regeneration applications.
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modulation of the mechanical physical and chemical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride scaffold via non solvent induced phase separation process for Nerve Tissue Engineering applications
European Polymer Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Nadia Abzan, Mahshid Kharaziha, Sheyda Labbaf, N SaeidiAbstract:Abstract The aim of this research was to develop microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) scaffolds with an intrinsic electrical property, via the combination of non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and thermal induced phase separation (TIPS) process referred as N-TIPS method. For this purpose, the effects of non-solvent incorporation (distilled water) in the solvent composition (N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)), immersion time at coagulation bath (1, 3, 6 and 24 h) as well as coagulation bath temperature (−10, 0 and 20 °C) and composition (DMF:water volume ratio = 2:6 and 6:4) on the properties of the produced scaffolds were investigated. Results confirmed that N-TIPS processing parameters had a profound effect on the morphological, mechanical, physical and thermal properties of the PVDF scaffolds. For instance, with increased bath temperature, the formation of three-dimensional bi-continuous scaffold with average pore size of 4.2 ± 0.6 μm was achieved, whereas increase in the immersion time in coagulation bath from 1 to 24 h induced cellular morphology with a larger pore size. The formation of relatively small pore size and uniform foam-like structure at 3 h soaking in coagulation bath showed to improved mechanical properties of the scaffolds. It was also found that toughness of the scaffolds significantly promoted from 27.5 ± 16.4 MPa (after 1 h soaking) to 155.2 ± 25.4 MPa (after 3 h soaking). Moreover, depending on the functional parameters of N-TIPS process, β phase fraction and crystallinity of the PVDF scaffolds were in the range of 61–87% and 30–47%, respectively. Remarkably, 3 h soaking of PVDF polymer solution in coagulation bath with composition of 6:4 (D-3h-64 scaffold) significantly enhanced the crystallinity (47.03%) and β phase fraction (87.9%) and reduced crystallite size of PVDF polymer. The PC12 cell attachment and proliferation on PVDF scaffolds prepared at various parameters were also investigated. Noticeably, D-3h-64 scaffold with enhanced crystallinity and β phase fraction and significantly higher toughness could promote cell spreading and proliferation. The results presented in this study show a great potential of PVDF scaffolds with desired properties for Nerve Tissue Engineering application.