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Allan E Herbison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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highly redundant Neuropeptide volume co transmission underlying episodic activation of the gnrh neuron dendron
eLife, 2021Co-Authors: Xinhuai Liu, Allan E Herbison, Shelhwa Yeo, James H Mcquillan, Michel K Herde, Sabine Hessler, Isaiah Cheong, Robert PorteousAbstract:The necessity and functional significance of neurotransmitter co-transmission remains unclear. The glutamatergic 'KNDy' neurons co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin and exhibit a highly stereotyped synchronized behavior that reads out to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron dendrons to drive episodic hormone secretion. Using expansion microscopy, we show that KNDy neurons make abundant close, non-synaptic appositions with the GnRH neuron dendron. Electrophysiology and confocal GCaMP6 imaging demonstrated that, despite all three Neuropeptides being released from KNDy terminals, only kisspeptin was able to activate the GnRH neuron dendron. Mice with a selective deletion of kisspeptin from KNDy neurons failed to exhibit pulsatile hormone secretion but maintained synchronized episodic KNDy neuron behavior that is thought to depend on recurrent NKB and dynorphin transmission. This indicates that KNDy neurons drive episodic hormone secretion through highly redundant Neuropeptide co-transmission orchestrated by differential post-synaptic Neuropeptide Receptor expression at the GnRH neuron dendron and KNDy neuron.
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highly redundant Neuropeptide volume cotransmission underlying episodic activation of the gnrh neuron dendron
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Xinhuai Liu, Shelhwa Yeo, Michel K Herde, Sabine Hessler, Isaiah Cheong, Robert Porteous, Henry J Mcquillan, Allan E HerbisonAbstract:The necessity and functional significance of neurotransmitter co-transmission remains unclear. The glutamatergic KNDy neurons co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin and exhibit a highly stereotyped synchronized behavior that reads out to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron dendrons to drive episodic hormone secretion. Using expansion microscopy, we show that KNDy neurons make abundant close but non-synaptic appositions with the GnRH neuron dendron. Confocal GCaMP6 calcium imaging demonstrated that, of the neurotransmitters co-expressed by KNDy neurons, only kisspeptin was able to activate the GnRH neuron dendron. The selective deletion of kisspeptin from KNDy neurons resulted in mice in which the synchronized behavior of the KNDy neurons was maintained but their ability to drive episodic hormone secretion was abolished. This indicates that KNDy neurons drive episodic hormone secretion through converse modes of highly redundant Neuropeptide co-transmission orchestrated by differential postsynaptic Neuropeptide Receptor expression at their two target sites.
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sex and sub region dependent modulation of arcuate kisspeptin neurones by vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2018Co-Authors: Danielle Schafer, Grace Kane, William H Colledge, Richard Piet, Allan E HerbisonAbstract:A population of kisspeptin neurones located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARN) very likely represent the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator responsible for driving pulsatile luteinising hormone secretion in mammals. As such, it has become important to understand the neural inputs that modulate the activity of ARN kisspeptin (ARNKISS ) neurones. Using a transgenic GCaMP6 mouse model allowing the intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+ ]i ) of individual ARNKISS neurones to be assessed simultaneously, we examined whether the circadian Neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) modulated the activity of ARNKISS neurones directly. To validate this methodology, we initially evaluated the effects of neurokinin B (NKB) on [Ca2+ ]i in kisspeptin neurones residing within the rostral, middle and caudal ARN subregions of adult male and female mice. All experiments were undertaken in the presence of tetrodotoxin and ionotropic amino acid antagonists. NKB was found to evoke an abrupt increase in [Ca2+ ]i in 95%-100% of kisspeptin neurones throughout the ARN of both sexes. By contrast, both VIP and AVP were found to primarily activate kisspeptin neurones located in the caudal ARN of female mice. Although 58% and 59% of caudal ARN kisspeptin neurones responded to AVP and VIP, respectively, in female mice, only 0%-8% of kisspeptin neurones located in other ARN subregions responded in females and 0%-12% of cells in any subregion in males (P < 0.05). These observations demonstrate unexpected sex differences and marked heterogeneity in functional Neuropeptide Receptor expression amongst ARNKISS neurones organised on a rostro-caudal basis. The functional significance of this unexpected influence of VIP and AVP on ARNKISS neurones remains to be established.
Shogo Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of functionally important residues of the silkmoth pheromone biosynthesis activating Neuropeptide Receptor an insect ortholog of the vertebrate neuromedin u Receptor
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Takeshi Kawai, Shogo Matsumoto, Joe J Hull, Masaru Tanokura, Hiromichi Nagasawa, Yukie Katayama, Tatsuya Suzuki, Toshihiro Nagamine, Kou Hayakawa, Koji NagataAbstract:The biosynthesis of sex pheromone components in many lepidopteran insects is regulated by the interaction between pheromone biosynthesis-activating Neuropeptide (PBAN) and the PBAN Receptor (PBANR), a class A G-protein-coupled Receptor. To identify functionally important amino acid residues in the silkmoth PBANR, a series of 27 alanine substitutions was generated using a PBANR chimera C-terminally fused with enhanced GFP. The PBANR mutants were expressed in Sf9 insect cells, and their ability to bind and be activated by a core PBAN fragment (C10PBANR2K) was monitored. Among the 27 mutants, 23 localized to the cell surface of transfected Sf9 cells, whereas the other four remained intracellular. Reduced binding relative to wild type was observed with 17 mutants, and decreased Ca2+ mobilization responses were observed with 12 mutants. Ala substitution of Glu-95, Glu-120, Asn-124, Val-195, Phe-276, Trp-280, Phe-283, Arg-287, Tyr-307, Thr-311, and Phe-319 affected both binding and Ca2+ mobilization. The most pronounced effects were observed with the E120A mutation. A molecular model of PBANR indicated that the functionally important PBANR residues map to the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th transmembrane helices, implying that the same general region of class A G-protein-coupled Receptors recognizes both peptidic and nonpeptidic ligands. Docking simulations suggest similar ligand-Receptor recognition interactions for PBAN-PBANR and the orthologous vertebrate pair, neuromedin U (NMU) and NMU Receptor (NMUR). The simulations highlight the importance of two glutamate residues, Glu-95 and Glu-120, in silkmoth PBANR and Glu-117 and Glu-142 in human NMUR1, in the recognition of the most functionally critical region of the ligands, the C-terminal residue and amide.
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establishment of sf9 transformants constitutively expressing pban Receptor variants application to functional evaluation
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2012Co-Authors: Jae Min Lee, Masaaki Kurihara, Takeshi Kawai, Joe J Hull, Masaru Tanokura, Koji Nagata, Hiromichi Nagasawa, Kazuhide Tsuneizumi, Shogo MatsumotoAbstract:To facilitate further evaluation of pheromone biosynthesis activating Neuropeptide Receptor (PBANR) functionality and regulation, we generated cultured insect cell lines constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein chimeras of the recently identified Bombyx mori PBANR (BommoPBANR) and Pseudaletia separata PBANR (PsesePBANR) variants. Fluorescent chimeras included the BommoPBANR-A, B, and C variants and the PsesePBANR-B and C variants. Cell lines expressing non-chimeric BommoPBANR-B and C variants were also generated. Functional evaluation of these transformed cell lines using confocal laser microscopy revealed that a Rhodamine Red-labeled PBAN derivative (RR-C10PBANR2K) specifically co-localized with all of the respective PBANR variants at the plasma membrane. Near complete internalization of the fluorescent RR-C10PBANR2K ligand 30 min after binding was observed in all cell lines except those expressing the BommoPBANR-A variant, in which the ligand/Receptor complex remained at the plasma membrane. Fluorescent Ca2+ imaging further showed that, unlike the BommoPBANR-B or BommoPBANR-C cell lines, RR-C10PBANR2K binding failed to mobilize extracellular Ca2+ in the BommoPBANR-A cell line even at concentrations of 10 M. These observations demonstrate a clear functional difference between the BommoPBANR-A variant and the BommoPBANR-B and –C variants in terms of Receptor regulation and activation of downstream effector molecules. We also found that, contrary to previous reports, ligand-induced internalization of BommoPBANR-B and BommoPBANR-C in cell lines stably expressing these variants occurred in the absence of extracellular Ca2+.
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re evaluation of the pban Receptor molecule characterization of pbanr variants expressed in the pheromone glands of moths
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2012Co-Authors: Jae Min Lee, Masaaki Kurihara, Takeshi Kawai, Joe J Hull, Chie Goto, Masaru Tanokura, Koji Nagata, Hiromichi Nagasawa, Shogo MatsumotoAbstract:Sex pheromone production in most moths is initiated following pheromone biosynthesis activating Neuropeptide Receptor (PBANR) activation. PBANR was initially cloned from pheromone glands (PGs) of Helicoverpa zea and Bombyx mori. The B. mori PBANR is characterized by a relatively long C-terminus that is essential for ligand-induced internalization, whereas the H. zea PBANR has a shorter C-terminus that lacks features present in the B. mori PBANR critical for internalization. Multiple PBANRs have been reported to be concurrently expressed in the larval CNS of Heliothis virescens. In the current study, we sought to examine the prevalence of multiple PBANRs in the PGs of three moths and to ascertain their potential functional relevance. Multiple PBANR variants (As, A, B, and C) were cloned from the PGs of all species examined with PBANR-C the most highly expressed. Alternative splicing of the C-terminal coding sequence of the PBAN gene gives rise to the variants, which are distinguishable only by the length and composition of their respective C-terminal tails. Transient expression of fluorescent PBANR chimeras in insect cells revealed that PBANR-B and PBANR-C localized exclusively to the cell surface while PBANR-As and PBANR-A exhibited varying degrees of cytosolic localization. Similarly, only the PBANR-B and PBANR-C variants underwent ligand-induced internalization. Taken together, our results suggest that PBANR-C is the principal Receptor molecule involved in PBAN signaling regardless of moth species. The high GC content of the C-terminal coding sequence in the B and C variants, which makes amplification using conventional polymerases difficult, likely accounts for previous “preferential” amplification of PBANR-A like Receptors from other species.
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targeted disruption of genes in the bombyx mori sex pheromone biosynthetic pathway
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006Co-Authors: Atsushi Ohnishi, Joe J Hull, Shogo MatsumotoAbstract:The sex pheromone biosynthetic pathways of lepidopterans require the concerted actions of multiple gene products. A number of pheromone gland (PG)-specific genes have been cloned in recent years and, whereas in vitro characterizations have indicated functions consistent with roles in pheromone production, there have been no clear demonstrations in vivo. Using an RNA interference-mediated loss-of-function approach, we injected newly formed Bombyx mori pupae with dsRNAs corresponding to genes of interest [i.e., PG fatty acyl reductase (pgFAR), B. mori PG Z11/Δ10,12 desaturase (Bmpgdesat1), PG acyl-CoA-binding protein (pgACBP), midgut ACBP, and pheromone biosynthesis activating Neuropeptide Receptor (PBANR)] to assess their specific roles during pheromonogenesis. In all cases, the introduced dsRNAs induced a dose-dependent reduction in sex pheromone production with the corresponding decrease in transcript levels. No effects on pupal development or adult emergence were observed. Disrupting the PBANR gene resulted in a loss of the lipase activity that liberates pheromone precursors, whereas knockout of the pgACBP gene prevented the daily accumulation and fluctuation of the triacylglycerols that function as the cellular deposits for the pheromone precursors. Taken together, our results provide unequivocal evidence that the pgACBP, Bmpgdesat1, pgFAR, and PBANR gene products are essential during pheromonogenesis and demonstrate the power of this methodology for dissecting the molecular interactions that comprise biosynthetic pathways.
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cloning and characterization of the pheromone biosynthesis activating Neuropeptide Receptor from the silkmoth bombyx mori significance of the carboxyl terminus in Receptor internalization
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Joe J Hull, Atsushi Ohnishi, Kenichi Moto, Yu Kawasaki, Ryuichiro Kurata, Masataka G Suzuki, Shogo MatsumotoAbstract:In most Lepidoptera, pheromone biosynthesis is regulated by a Neuropeptide termed pheromone biosynthesis activating Neuropeptide (PBAN). Although much is known about the cellular targets of PBAN, identification and functional characterization of the PBAN Receptor (PBANR) has proven to be elusive. Given the sequence similarity between the active C-terminal regions of PBAN and neuromedin U, it was hypothesized that their respective Receptors might also be similar in structure (Park, Y., Kim, Y. J., and Adams, M. E. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.99, 11423-11428). Consequently, utilizing primers constructed from the conserved regions of insect neuromedin U Receptor homologues, a full-length 2780-nucleotide clone encoding a 46-kDa G protein-coupled Receptor was amplified from a Bombyx mori pheromone gland cDNA library. Tissue distribution analyses revealed that the Receptor transcript is specific to the pheromone gland where it undergoes significant up-regulation in the day preceding eclosion. When transiently expressed in Sf9 cells, the B. mori PBANR responds to PBAN by mobilizing extracellular calcium in a dose-dependent manner. Confocal microscopic studies demonstrated the specificity of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged B. mori PBANR for PBAN and showed that PBAN induces internalization of the PBANR·PBAN complex. The rapid onset of internalization is mediated by a 67-amino acid C-terminal extension absent in the cloned Helicoverpa zea PBANR, which suggests that Receptor internalization in that species likely utilizes a different mechanism. From these results, we have concluded that the cloned Receptor gene encodes the B. mori PBANR and that it is both structurally and functionally distinct from the H. zea PBANR.
Mario De Bono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neuronal and molecular substrates for optimal foraging in caenorhabditis elegans
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011Co-Authors: K Milward, Karl Emanuel Busch, Mario De Bono, Robin Joseph Murphy, Birgitta OlofssonAbstract:Variation in food quality and abundance requires animals to decide whether to stay on a poor food patch or leave in search of better food. An important question in behavioral ecology asks when is it optimal for an animal to leave a food patch it is depleting. Although optimal foraging is central to evolutionary success, the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying it are poorly understood. Here we investigate the neuronal basis for adaptive food-leaving behavior in response to resource depletion in Caenorhabditis elegans, and identify several of the signaling pathways involved. The ASE neurons, previously implicated in salt chemoattraction, promote food-leaving behavior via a cGMP pathway as food becomes limited. High ambient O2 promotes food-leaving via the O2-sensing neurons AQR, PQR, and URX. Ectopic activation of these neurons using channelrhodopsin is sufficient to induce high food-leaving behavior. In contrast, the Neuropeptide Receptor NPR-1, which regulates social behavior on food, acts in the ASE neurons, the nociceptive ASH neurons, and in the RMG interneuron to repress food-leaving. Finally, we show that neuroendocrine signaling by TGF-β/DAF-7 and neuronal insulin signaling are necessary for adaptive food-leaving behavior. We suggest that animals integrate information about their nutritional state with ambient oxygen and gustatory stimuli to formulate optimal foraging strategies.
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natural variation in a neural globin tunes oxygen sensing in wild caenorhabditis elegans
Nature, 2009Co-Authors: Annelie Persson, Einav Gross, Patrick Laurent, Karl Emanuel Busch, Hugo Bretes, Mario De BonoAbstract:The roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans, alters its behaviour in response to changes in ambient oxygen by employing atypical soluble guanylate cyclases as oxygen sensors. Here, Persson et al. confirm that the soluble guanylate cyclase, GCY-35, responds to increased oxygen and further show that a neural globin, GLB-5, is involved in sensing reduced oxygen. The behavioural response to GLB-5 activation involves a Neuropeptide Receptor, NPR-1, and both glb-5 and npr-1 show natural variation amongst different C. elegans strains. This work provides confirmation that globins can act as O2 sensors in metazoans, and that these O2 responses can be tuned in a narrow dynamic range. This study shows that the soluble guanylate cyclase GCY-35 responds to increased oxygen and that a neural globin, GLB-5, is involved in sensing reduced oxygen. The behavioural response to GLB-5 activation involves the Neuropeptide Receptor NPR-1, and both glb-5 and npr-1 show natural variation amongst different Caenorhabditis elegans strains. Behaviours evolve by iterations of natural selection, but we have few insights into the molecular and neural mechanisms involved. Here we show that some Caenorhabditis elegans wild strains switch between two foraging behaviours in response to subtle changes in ambient oxygen. This finely tuned switch is conferred by a naturally variable hexacoordinated globin, GLB-5. GLB-5 acts with the atypical soluble guanylate cyclases1,2,3, which are a different type of oxygen binding protein, to tune the dynamic range of oxygen-sensing neurons close to atmospheric (21%) concentrations. Calcium imaging indicates that one group of these neurons is activated when oxygen rises towards 21%, and is inhibited as oxygen drops below 21%. The soluble guanylate cyclase GCY-35 is required for high oxygen to activate the neurons; GLB-5 provides inhibitory input when oxygen decreases below 21%. Together, these oxygen binding proteins tune neuronal and behavioural responses to a narrow oxygen concentration range close to atmospheric levels. The effect of the glb-5 gene on oxygen sensing and foraging is modified by the naturally variable Neuropeptide Receptor npr-1 (refs 4, 5), providing insights into how polygenic variation reshapes neural circuit function.
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a carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in caenorhabditis elegans
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008Co-Authors: Andrew Jonathan Bretscher, Karl Emanuel Busch, Mario De BonoAbstract:Homeostasis of internal carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) levels is fundamental to all animals. Here we examine the CO2 response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This species inhabits rotting material, which typically has a broad CO2 concentration range. We show that well fed C. elegans avoid CO2 levels above 0.5%. Animals can respond to both absolute CO2 concentrations and changes in CO2 levels within seconds. Responses to CO2 do not reflect avoidance of acid pH but appear to define a new sensory response. Sensation of CO2 is promoted by the cGMP-gated ion channel subunits TAX-2 and TAX-4, but other pathways are also important. Robust CO2 avoidance in well fed animals requires inhibition of the DAF-16 forkhead transcription factor by the insulin-like Receptor DAF-2. Starvation, which activates DAF-16, strongly suppresses CO2 avoidance. Exposure to hypoxia (<1% O2) also suppresses CO2 avoidance via activation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1. The npr-1 215V allele of the naturally polymorphic Neuropeptide Receptor npr-1, besides inhibiting avoidance of high ambient O2 in feeding C. elegans, also promotes avoidance of high CO2. C. elegans integrates competing O2 and CO2 sensory inputs so that one response dominates. Food and allelic variation at NPR-1 regulate which response prevails. Our results suggest that multiple sensory inputs are coordinated by C. elegans to generate different coherent foraging strategies.
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behavioral motifs and neural pathways coordinating o2 responses and aggregation in c elegans
Current Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Candida Rogers, Annelie Persson, Benny H H Cheung, Mario De BonoAbstract:Summary Background Simple stimuli can evoke complex behavioral responses coordinated by multiple neural circuits. O 2 is an important environmental variable for most animals. The nematode C. elegans avoids high O 2 , and O 2 levels regulate its foraging and aggregation. Results Here, we dissect aggregation and responses to O 2 gradients into behavioral motifs and show how O 2 responses can promote aggregation. To remain in a group, C. elegans continually modify their movement. Animals whose heads emerge from a group will reverse or turn, thereby returning to the group. Re-entry inhibits further reversal, aiding retention in the group. If an animal's tail exits a group during a reversal, it switches to forward movement, returning to the group. Aggregating C. elegans locally deplete O 2 . The rise in O 2 levels experienced by animals leaving a group induces both reversal and turning. Conversely, the fall in O 2 encountered when entering a clump suppresses reversal, turning, and high locomotory activity. The soluble guanylate cyclases GCY-35 and GCY-36, which are expressed in head and tail neurons, promote reversal and turning when O 2 rises. Avoidance of high O 2 is also promoted by the TRP-related channel subunits OCR-2 and OSM-9, and the transmembrane protein ODR-4, acting in the nociceptive neurons ASH and ADL. Both O 2 responsiveness and aggregation can be modified by starvation, but this is regulated by natural variation in the npr-1 Neuropeptide Receptor. Conclusions Our work provides insights into how a complex behavior emerges from simpler behavioral motifs coordinated by a distributed circuit.
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antagonistic pathways in neurons exposed to body fluid regulate social feeding in caenorhabditis elegans
Nature, 2002Co-Authors: Juliet C Coates, Mario De BonoAbstract:Wild isolates of Caenorhabditis elegans can feed either alone or in groups1,2. This natural variation in behaviour is associated with a single residue difference in NPR-1, a predicted G-protein-coupled Neuropeptide Receptor related to Neuropeptide Y Receptors2. Here we show that the NPR-1 isoform associated with solitary feeding acts in neurons exposed to the body fluid to inhibit social feeding. Furthermore, suppressing the activity of these neurons, called AQR, PQR and URX, using an activated K+ channel, inhibits social feeding. NPR-1 activity in AQR, PQR and URX neurons seems to suppress social feeding by antagonizing signalling through a cyclic GMP-gated ion channel encoded by tax-2 and tax-4. We show that mutations in tax-2 or tax-4 disrupt social feeding, and that tax-4 is required in several neurons for social feeding, including one or more of AQR, PQR and URX. The AQR, PQR and URX neurons are unusual in C. elegans because they are directly exposed to the pseudocoelomic body fluid3. Our data suggest a model in which these neurons integrate antagonistic signals to control the choice between social and solitary feeding behaviour.
Larry J Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of early life family structure on adult social attachment alloparental behavior and the Neuropeptide systems regulating affiliative behaviors in the monogamous prairie vole microtus ochrogaster
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Todd H. Ahern, Larry J YoungAbstract:Early social attachments lie at the heart of emotional and social development in many mammals, including humans. In nature, monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) experience considerable natural variation in early social attachment opportunities due to differences in family structure (e.g., single-mothers, solitary breeding pairs, and communal groups). We exploited some of this natural variation in family structure to examine the influence of early social environment on the development of adult social behavior. First, we characterized the parental care received by pups reared biparentally (BP) or by a single-mother (SM) in the laboratory. Second, we examined whether BP- and SM-reared offspring differed in adult nurturing, bonding, and emotional behaviors. Finally, we investigated the effects of rearing condition on Neuropeptide systems that regulate adult social behavior (oxytocin, vasopressin, and corticotropin-releasing factor [CRF]). Observations revealed that SM-reared pups were exposed more frequently (P<0.01), licked and groomed less (P<0.01), and matured more slowly (P<0.01) than BP-reared pups. In adulthood, there were striking socio-behavioral differences: SM-reared females showed low spontaneous, pup-directed alloparental behavior (P<0.01) and both males and females from the SM-reared condition showed delayed partner preference formation. While rearing did not impact Neuropeptide Receptor densities in the ventral forebrain as we predicted, SM-reared animals, particularly females, had increased OT content (P<0.01) and greater dorsal raphe CRF2 densities (P<0.05) and both measures correlated with licking and grooming experienced during the first 10 days of life. These results suggest that naturalistic variation in social rearing conditions can introduce diversity into adult nurturing and attachment behaviors.
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the neurobiology of pair bonding
Nature Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Larry J Young, Zuoxin WangAbstract:A neurobiological model for pair-bond formation has emerged from studies in monogamous rodents. The Neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin contribute to the processing of social cues necessary for individual recognition. Mesolimbic dopamine is involved in reinforcement and reward learning. Concurrent activation of Neuropeptide and dopamine Receptors in the reward centers of the brain during mating results in a conditioned partner preference, observed as a pair bond. Differential regulation of Neuropeptide Receptor expression may explain species differences in the ability to form pair bonds. These and other studies discussed here have intriguing implications for the neurobiology of social attachment in our own species.
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Neuropeptides and the evolution of social behavior
Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2000Co-Authors: Thomas R Insel, Larry J YoungAbstract:Comparative studies over the past year have revealed two new insights into the role of Neuropeptides in the evolution of social behaviors. First, across vertebrate taxa, certain Neuropeptide effects appear to be gender-specific. Second, species variations in Receptor gene structure can alter Neuropeptide Receptor distribution and thereby contribute to species differences in social behavior.
Shelhwa Yeo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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highly redundant Neuropeptide volume co transmission underlying episodic activation of the gnrh neuron dendron
eLife, 2021Co-Authors: Xinhuai Liu, Allan E Herbison, Shelhwa Yeo, James H Mcquillan, Michel K Herde, Sabine Hessler, Isaiah Cheong, Robert PorteousAbstract:The necessity and functional significance of neurotransmitter co-transmission remains unclear. The glutamatergic 'KNDy' neurons co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin and exhibit a highly stereotyped synchronized behavior that reads out to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron dendrons to drive episodic hormone secretion. Using expansion microscopy, we show that KNDy neurons make abundant close, non-synaptic appositions with the GnRH neuron dendron. Electrophysiology and confocal GCaMP6 imaging demonstrated that, despite all three Neuropeptides being released from KNDy terminals, only kisspeptin was able to activate the GnRH neuron dendron. Mice with a selective deletion of kisspeptin from KNDy neurons failed to exhibit pulsatile hormone secretion but maintained synchronized episodic KNDy neuron behavior that is thought to depend on recurrent NKB and dynorphin transmission. This indicates that KNDy neurons drive episodic hormone secretion through highly redundant Neuropeptide co-transmission orchestrated by differential post-synaptic Neuropeptide Receptor expression at the GnRH neuron dendron and KNDy neuron.
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highly redundant Neuropeptide volume cotransmission underlying episodic activation of the gnrh neuron dendron
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Xinhuai Liu, Shelhwa Yeo, Michel K Herde, Sabine Hessler, Isaiah Cheong, Robert Porteous, Henry J Mcquillan, Allan E HerbisonAbstract:The necessity and functional significance of neurotransmitter co-transmission remains unclear. The glutamatergic KNDy neurons co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin and exhibit a highly stereotyped synchronized behavior that reads out to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron dendrons to drive episodic hormone secretion. Using expansion microscopy, we show that KNDy neurons make abundant close but non-synaptic appositions with the GnRH neuron dendron. Confocal GCaMP6 calcium imaging demonstrated that, of the neurotransmitters co-expressed by KNDy neurons, only kisspeptin was able to activate the GnRH neuron dendron. The selective deletion of kisspeptin from KNDy neurons resulted in mice in which the synchronized behavior of the KNDy neurons was maintained but their ability to drive episodic hormone secretion was abolished. This indicates that KNDy neurons drive episodic hormone secretion through converse modes of highly redundant Neuropeptide co-transmission orchestrated by differential postsynaptic Neuropeptide Receptor expression at their two target sites.