The Experts below are selected from a list of 117 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leah P Hollis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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workplace bullying in the united states and canada Organizational Accountability required in higher education
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Leah P HollisAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to compare the probable existence of two North American civilizations, Canada and the United States, and then consider how each civilization has addressed workplace bullying. Canada started to prohibit workplace bullying in 2004. However, the United States only began to address the problem ten years later, in 2014, with a few states passing statutes. Examining the differences in culture and the research on how higher education in both Canada and the United States has dealt with workplace bullying may give insights to how both Canada and the United States can better protect employees faced with workplace bullying.
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workplace bullying in the united states and canada Organizational Accountability required in higher education
Comparative Civilizations Review, 2017Co-Authors: Leah P HollisAbstract:IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to compare the probable existence of two North American civilizations, Canada and the United States, and then consider how each civilization has addressed workplace bullying. Canada started to prohibit workplace bullying in 2004. However, the United States only began to address the problem ten years later, in 2014, with a few states passing statutes. Examining the differences in culture and the research on how higher education in both Canada and the United States has dealt with workplace bullying may give insights to how both Canada and the United States can better protect employees faced with workplace bullying.Brief Definition of CivilizationMany varying and competing definitions of the controversial concept of 'civilization' exist in the literature. However, Permumpanani (2013), writing with the Comparative Civilization Review, defined civilization as a "dynamic system that supports endogenous cultural development through economic activity aggregated across elements of data" (p. 9). He further noted that scholars have long debated the definitions for 'civilization' and 'culture,' failing to reach consensus. Huntington (2003) offered a list of eight major civilizations, while the British historian Clark (1982) admitted "he still did not know what civilization was, but thought he could recognize it when he saw it" (p. 18). In some discussions, 'culture' and 'civilization' are interchangeable terms, reflecting both historical and evolutionary dynamics. Nonetheless, Permumpanani (2013) considered at the basic level that civilizations started as an undefined or inchoate group, and then became defined by geographic, linguistic, or religious parameters. Once these parameters were established, the civilization evolved over time within the interaction of people living in the group (Permumpanani, 2013).Within Permumpanani's frame (2013) regarding civilization, Canada and the United States emerged as different civilizations. While they both grew from roots by leaving imperialistic governance in Europe, the United States secured independence close to one hundred years before Canada. Further, the US culture has an indelible foundation in racism, slavery, and the exploitation of different people for capitalistic gain. Until recently, the United States was intensely committed to the English language to the exclusion of other languages, even in the primary educational curriculum.In contrast, Canada's evolution involved more recent and still retained ties to the British crown. For example, in the early 1900s, Canadians resisted the World War I notion that British engagement in the war assumed Canadian engagement in World War I. Further, Canadian society was based on civic equity. Such values have been part of Quebec's struggle to maintain its French influence and language. Their official languages include both English and French. While racism is a problem affecting most civilizations, Canada did not codify racial differences by forbidding interracial marriage or institutional segregation that occurred in the United States.Further, the US and Canada maintain differences regarding economic competition. A focus on capitalist growth yielded for Canada, a Canadian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of only $1550.54 billion in 2013, compared to a mammoth $18036.65 billion in the United States (Trading economics, 2017). Thus, in comparative terms, Canada represents 2.5% of the world economy while the US contributes 29.09% of the world economy (Trading economics, 2017).These two different civilizations then have two different sets of values, with the US being more competitive and more focused on capitalism than Canada. This difference in economic dynamism and its implications for competition would inform a difference in workplace values. In turn, the differences in values about work and competition could inform the difference in commitment to anti-bullying legislation between Canada and the United States. …
Paul C Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the lessons we don t learn counterfactual thinking and Organizational Accountability after a close call
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2000Co-Authors: Michael W Morris, Paul C MooreAbstract:We investigate how individuals learn from imagined might-have-been scenarios. We hypothesize that individuals are more likely to learn when they have responded to an event with upward-directed, self-focused counterfactual thoughts, and, additionally, that this learning process is inhibited by Accountability to Organizational superiors. Support for these hypotheses was obtained in two studies that assessed learning by aviation pilots from the experience of near accidents. Study 1 analyzed counterfactual thoughts and lessons in narrative reports filed by experienced pilots after actual dangerous aviation incidents. Study 2 involved laboratory experiments in which college students operated a flight simulator under different conditions of Organizational Accountability.
Jonathan S Skinner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fostering accountable health care moving forward in medicare
Health Affairs, 2009Co-Authors: Elliott S Fisher, Mark Mcclellan, John Bertko, Steven M Lieberman, Julie Lee, Julie L Lewis, Jonathan S SkinnerAbstract:To succeed, health care reform must slow spending growth while improving quality. We propose a new approach to help achieve more integrated and efficient care by fostering local Organizational Accountability for quality and costs through performance measurement and “shared savings” payment reform. The approach is practical and feasible: it is voluntary for providers, builds on current referral patterns, requires no change in benefits or lock-in for beneficiaries, and offers the possibility of sustained provider incomes even as total costs are constrained. We simulate the potential expenditure impact and show that significant Medicare savings are possible.
Bruce E Landon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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outpatient care patterns and Organizational Accountability in medicare
JAMA Internal Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Michael J Mcwilliams, Jesse B Dalton, Bruce E Landon, Michael E ChernewAbstract:Importance Fostering Accountability in the Medicare Accountable Care Organization (ACO) programs may be challenging because traditional Medicare beneficiaries have unrestricted choice of health care providers, are attributed to ACOs based on utilization, and often receive fragmented care. Objective To measure 3 related constructs relevant to ACO incentives and their capacity to manage care: stability of patient assignment, leakage of outpatient care, and contract penetration. Design, Setting, and Participants Using 2010-2011 Medicare claims and rosters of physicians in organizations participating in ACO programs, we examined these constructs among 524 246 beneficiaries hypothetically assigned to 145 ACOs prior to the start of the Medicare ACO programs. We compared estimates by patient complexity, ACO size, and the primary care orientation of ACO specialty mix. Main Outcomes and Measures Three related construct measurements: stability of assignment , defined as the proportion of patients whose assignment to an ACO in 2010 was unchanged in 2011; leakage of outpatient care , defined as the proportion of office visits for an assigned population that occurred outside of the contracting organization; and contract penetration , defined as the proportion of Medicare outpatient spending billed by an ACO that was devoted to assigned patients. Results Of beneficiaries assigned to an ACO in 2010, 80.4% were assigned to the same ACO in 2011. Of those assigned to an ACO in 2010 or 2011, 66.0% were consistently assigned in both years. Unstable assignment was more common among beneficiaries with fewer conditions and office visits but also among those in several high-cost categories, including the highest decile of per-beneficiary spending. Among ACO-assigned beneficiaries, 8.7% of office visits with primary care physicians were provided outside of the assigned ACO, and 66.7% of office visits with specialists were provided outside of the assigned ACO. Leakage of outpatient specialty care was greater for higher-cost beneficiaries and substantial even among specialty-oriented ACOs (54.6% for lowest quartile of primary care orientation). Of Medicare spending on outpatient care billed by ACO physicians, 37.9% was devoted to assigned beneficiaries. This proportion was higher for ACOs with greater primary care orientation (60.0% for highest quartile vs 33.6% for lowest). Conclusions and Relevance Care patterns among beneficiaries served by ACOs suggest distinct challenges in achieving Organizational Accountability in Medicare. Continued monitoring of these patterns may be important to determine the regulatory need for enhancing ACOs’ incentives and their ability to improve care efficiency.
Myoungsoon You - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perception of korean hospital ceos on Organizational Accountability findings from in depth interviews
Korean Journal of Health Policy and Administration, 2012Co-Authors: Myoungsoon You, Geunchan Lee, Soonman Kwon, Hyejung YoonAbstract:As misalignments among images, identity, and legitimacy of health professionals and institutions have been on the rise, CEOs of health care organizations have been required to enhance Organizational Accountability. Despite the accumulation of literature on the conceptual discussions of Accountability, only a few studies empirically investigated key barriers to Accountability and its facilitators. To identify perception on Accountability with key barriers and facilitators of Organizational Accountability, a semi-structured interview with 11 CEOs of Korean hospitals was conducted. A short survey was taken to get quantitative data on CEO`s perception on Organizational Accountability. To CEOs, Accountability was very complex and unfamiliar concept, but understood as physician`s code of ethics by nature and basic principle of hospital management. CEOs thought Accountability could be improved through ethical leadership, financial stability and learning climate of hospitals. Distrust of the government, which failed to provide economic incentives for hospitals to increase Accountability activities, was emphasized as a serious barrier to hospital Accountability. There was consensus among hospital CEOs as to the importance of Accountability in management. However, there were concerns that, without policy instruments to motivate hospitals toward increasing community benefits as well as collective efforts among health professionals to rebuild moral climate for being accountable, greater Accountability would not be achieved in hospitals.
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Organizational Accountability in health care developing a model for analysis
Korean Journal of Health Policy and Administration, 2011Co-Authors: Geunchan Lee, Myoungsoon YouAbstract:Past studies on Organizational Accountability have had similar limitations. First, empirical evidence of Organizational Accountability is rare as the majority of research takes a conceptual approach of the topic. Only a few of these studies are applicable to health care organizations (HCOs). To fill these gaps, we attempted to develop a model for analysis of Organizational Accountability for HCOs. Accountability for HCOs was conceptualized by two axes: answerability(X, horizontal) and value-creation(Y, vertical). Our concept building could relieve competing Accountability mechanism which past studies stressed. Four elements of Accountability(legal, economical, social, and clinical) were applied to specify each of the two features of Organizational Accountability. And then four types of Accountability behavior were coordinated by this x-y axis : high A/high VC, high A/low VC, low A/high VC, low A/low VC. Finally, a multidimensional model of HCOs` Accountability, enabling an empirically testable multi-level analysis, was proposed.
