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Miguel Angel Moron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Sexual Dimorphism in Antennal Receptors of Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae)
2020Co-Authors: Angel Alonso Romero-lópez, Miguel Angel Moron, Jorge ValdezAbstract:ABSTRACT - The external morphology of sensilla on the antennae of males and females of Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard is described using scanning electron microscopy. Sexual dimorphism in body and antennal dimensions and in antennal receptor types was found. The female’s body is slightly larger than the male’s, although male antennal lamellae are longer than in females. Sixteen types of sensilla were identifi ed on the proximal and distal surfaces of lamellae from both sexes, most of them in males: three types of placodea sensilla, four types of auricilica sensilla, fi ve types of basiconica sensilla, and four types of coeloconica sensilla. Also, two types of mechanoreceptor sensilla were present on the lamellae periphery. Furthermore, males had larger placodea, auricilica and some types of basiconica sensilla. KEY WORDS: Antenna, morphology, sensilla, sexual behavior Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard is included in the dentex complex of the ravida species group, subgenus Phyllophaga ( sensu stricto
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four new species of Phyllophaga harris coleoptera scarabaeidae melolonthinae from western cuba
Zootaxa, 2017Co-Authors: Annery Serrano, Miguel Angel MoronAbstract:Four new species in the genus Phyllophaga Harris 1827, subgenus Cnemarachis Saylor 1942 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Cuba are described: Phyllophaga barroi new species, Phyllophaga guanahacabibensis new species, Phyllophaga pauli new species, and Phyllophaga sabanalamarensis new species. Each species is illustrated using photographs of the habitus, diagnostic features, and male aedeagi. A map is provided showing the geographical distributions of the new species.
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los estados inmaduros de Phyllophaga heteronycha p leonina y p angulicollis coleoptera melolonthidae melolonthinae
Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, 2016Co-Authors: Miguel Angel Moron, Cesar V Rojasgomez, Roberto ArceperezAbstract:Third instar larvae and pupae of Phyllophaga heteronycha (Bates) and P. leonina (Bates), and third instar larva of P. angulicollis (Bates) are described with specimens collected in soils of a Pseudotsuga macrolepis (Pinaceae) plantation, located at 2,300 m in Las Vigas, Veracruz, Mexico. Comparative brief descriptions of larvae of the first and second instars of the 3 species, drawings of diagnostic structures, comments on similarities with other species, and a key to the larvae of Phyllophaga in Mexico are included.
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descripcion de la larva de Phyllophaga lenis coleoptera melolonthidae en santa cruz xoxocotlan oaxaca mexico con notas sobre su biologia
ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.), 2016Co-Authors: Julian Hernandezcruz, Miguel Angel Moron, Jose Antonio Sanchezgarcia, Jaime Ruizvega, Laura Martinezmartinez, Rafael Perez PachecoAbstract:Se describe el tercer estadio larval de Phyllophaga lenis (Horn, 1887) con especimenes criados en laboratorio, cuyos progenitores fueron capturados en un campo agricola de Santa Cruz Xoxocotlan, Oaxaca. Se incluyen las imagenes de los caracteres diagnosticos, notas sobre su biologia y habitos, comentarios acerca de las diferencias con otras especies mexicanas parecidas y una clave para separar las larvas de 15 especies de Phyllophaga en Mexico.
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five new species of Phyllophaga coleoptera melolonthidae of northwestern mexico
Florida Entomologist, 2015Co-Authors: Miguel Angel Moron, Gabriel Antonio Lugogarcia, Agustin AragongarciaAbstract:Five new species of Phyllophaga of northwestern Mexico are described: P. (Listrochelus) balacachiana sp. nov. from tropical thorny forests of north- ern Sinaloa and southern Sonora; P. (Listrochelus) tascatensis sp. nov. from pine and oak forests of northern Sinaloa and southwestern Chihuahua; P. (Listrochelus) choixiana sp. nov. from tropical deciduous forest of northern Sinaloa; P. (Listrochelus) reyesolivasi sp. nov. from pine and oak forest of southwestern Chihuahua; and P. (Phyllophaga) collaroides sp. nov. from pine and oak forests of northern Sinaloa and southwestern Chihuahua. Illustrations of diagnostic characters and comments on the differences from similar species are included.
Paul S. Robbins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first record of the scarab beetle Phyllophaga lissopyge from south america with descriptions of adult seasonal activity and male response to sex attractants
Journal of Insect Science, 2011Co-Authors: Anuar Moralesrodriguez, Paul S. Robbins, Daniel C PeckAbstract:Phyllophaga lissopyge (Bates) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) is reported for the first time from South America. Male sex pheromone response is described for P. lissopyge and two other co-occurring Phyllophaga species. Adults of P. lissopyge and P. menetriesi (Blanchard) flew to traps baited with methyl 2-(methylthio) benzoate whereas adults of P. obsoleta (Blanchard) flew irregularly to four different pheromone compounds. Adult seasonal activity is described from males captures in Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia.
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methyl 2 methylthio benzoate a sex attractant for the june beetles Phyllophaga tristis and p apicata
Journal of Insect Science, 2011Co-Authors: Robert E Woodruff, Paul S. Robbins, Glenn A. Salsbury, Stephen L Lapointe, Charles E LinnAbstract:Male antennae of Phyllophaga tristis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were tested using a coupled gas chromatograph-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD) system for electrophysiological responses to five sex pheromones identified from other Phyllophaga species including L-valine methyl ester, L-isoleucine methyl ester, L-leucine methyl ester, methyl 2(methylthio)benzoate and methyl 2-amino benzoate. Male antennae responded only to methyl 2(methylthio)benzoate. In a 2003 field test near Greensburg, Kansas, cross-vane traps baited with rubber septa containing 1 mg of methyl 2-(methylthio)benzoate captured 466 male P. tristis. Control traps baited with rubber septa loaded with only hexane captured none. Similarly, in a field test in 2010 in Gainesville, Florida, 265 male P. apicata Reinhard were captured in traps baited with 1 mg of methyl 2-(methylthio)benzoate whereas control traps captured only a single male.
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Sex Pheromone of the Scarab Beetle Phyllophaga (Phytalus) georgiana (Horn)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Paul S. Robbins, Daniel C Peck, Satoshi Nojima, Sridhar Polavarapu, Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer, Cesar Rodriguez-saona, Robert J. Holdcraft, Nancy H. Consolie, Wendell L. RoelofsAbstract:The sex pheromone of Phyllophaga ( Phytalus ) georgiana was characterized as valine methyl ester, tentatively the l -enantiomer. This is the first sex pheromone identified from the Phyllophaga subgenus Phytalus . The pheromone was extracted from female glands, the active component isolated by coupled gas chromatography–electroantennogram detection analysis, characterized by mass spectrometry, and shown to be active in field tests. The seasonal flight pattern was determined for P. georgiana as well as for three other species, P. anxia (both northern and southern genitalic forms), P. gracilis , and P. postrema . The latter three species were captured in traps baited with l -isoleucine methyl ester.
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trapping Phyllophaga spp coleoptera scarabaeidae melolonthinae in the united states and canada using sex attractants
Journal of Insect Science, 2006Co-Authors: Paul S. Robbins, Charles D Armstrong, Anne L Averill, Thomas C Baker, Robert J Bauernfiend, F P Baxendale, Kris S Braman, R L Brandenburg, Daniel B Cash, Gary J CouchAbstract:The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: (1) widespread use of the two compounds [of the 147 Phyllophaga (sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; (2) in most species intraspecific male response to the pheromone blends was stable between years and over geography; and (3) an unusual pheromone polymorphism was described from P. anxia. Populations at some locations were captured with L-valine methyl ester alone, whereas populations at other locations were captured with L-isoleucine methyl ester alone. At additional locations, the L-valine methyl ester-responding populations and the L-isoleucine methyl ester-responding populations were both present, producing a bimodal capture curve. In southeastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, in the United States, P. anxia males were captured with blends of L-valine methyl ester and L-isoleucine methyl ester.
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Optimization of a valine:isoleucine methyl ester pheromone blend and comparison of Robbins and Trécé traps for capture of Phyllophaga anxia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Rhode Island.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: Charles G. Dawson, Paul S. RobbinsAbstract:Abstract Eight ratios of l-valine:l-isoleucine methyl esters were tested in Robbins traps for capture of Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) adult males. The 90:10, 80:20, and 60:40 ratios of valine:isoleucine were the most effective blends for capture of beetles in Rhode Island. Females were captured in small numbers in some traps but not consistently to any particular blend. Other male Phyllophaga species captured included Phyllophaga fusca (Frolich), Phyllophaga forsteri (Burmeister), P. hirsuta (Knoch), and P. marginalis (LeConte). The number of these species collected was low, and it was not possible to determine whether they were attracted to any particular pheromone blend. Peak captures of P. anxia males occurred 31 May in 1999 and 2002 in Kingston, RI. The standard Japanese beetle trap manufactured by Trece (Adair, OK) captured significantly more beetles than the Robbins trap. Because the Trece trap is already marketed for Japanese beetles, a lure and trapping system can be adopted for P. anxia.
Francisco J Villalobos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathogenicity of isolates of serratia marcescens towards larvae of the scarab Phyllophaga blanchardi coleoptera
Pathogenetics, 2015Co-Authors: Monica Pinedacastellanos, Zitlhally Rodriguezsegura, Francisco J Villalobos, Luciano Hernandez, Laura Lina, Maria Eugenia NunezvaldezAbstract:Serratia marcescens is a Gram negative bacterium (Enterobacteriaceae) often associated with infection of insects. In order to find pathogenic bacteria with the potential to control scarab larvae, several bacterial strains were isolated from the hemocoel of diseased Phyllophaga spp (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) larvae collected from cornfields in Mexico. Five isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical tests. Oral and injection bioassays using healthy Phyllophaga blanchardi larvae fed with the S. marcescens isolates showed different degrees of antifeeding effect and mortality. No insecticidal activity was observed for Spodoptera frugiperda larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by oral inoculation. S. marcescens (Sm81) cell-free culture supernatant caused significant antifeeding effect and mortality to P. blanchardi larvae by oral bioassay and also mortality by injection bioassay. Heat treated culture broths lost the ability to cause disease symptoms, suggesting the involvement of proteins in the toxic activity. A protein of 50.2 kDa was purified from the cell-free broth and showed insecticidal activity by injection bioassay towards P. blanchardi. Analysis of the insecticidal protein by tandem- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed similarity to a Serralysin-like protein from S. marcescens spp. This insecticidal protein could have applications in agricultural biotechnology.
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the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis core of the mexican pathogenic strain serratia entomophila is associated with toxicity to larvae of Phyllophaga blanchardi
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Zitlhally Rodriguezsegura, Francisco J Villalobos, Jianwu Chen, Sarjeet S Gill, Maria Eugenia NunezvaldezAbstract:The Mexican bacteria Serratia entomophila strain Mor4.1 (Enterobacteriaceae) is pathogenic to coleopteran species of the Phyllophaga genus, which are considered important soil-dwelling pests. Mor4.1 causes anti-feeding activity and mortality to larvae after oral and injection bio-assay either, by bacteria or by cell free culture broth inoculation. The pathogenic determinants of Mor4.1 have not been elucidated. We hypothesize that Mor4.1 produces several toxins and other virulence factors, some acting at the level of the insect gut and others at the hemocoel. To identify and characterize virulence factors, a fosmid library of S. entomophila Mor4.1 was made in Escherichia coli. Five different insecticidal clones were isolated by injecting individual clones into Phyllophaga blanchardi larvae. The complete 40 kb DNA sequence and gene organization of clone G8 was determined. By comparative genomics, 21 genes were associated with virulence. By transposon (Tn5) insertion mutagenesis of G8 and further bio-assays we show that a dUTPase, a flavoprotein and a heptosyltransferase III, are key factors for G8 toxic activity. The heptosyltransferase III, is part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis core. We demonstrated that purified LPS from G8 and Mor4.1 are toxic to P. blanchardi larvae by injection bio-assay.
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identification of a putative mexican strain of serratia entomophila pathogenic against root damaging larvae of scarabaeidae coleoptera
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Eugenia M Nunezvaldez, Zitlhally Rodriguezsegura, Luciano Hernandez, Laura Lina, Marco A Calderon, Eduardo Aranda, Rosa Maria Ramirezgama, Maria Del Carmen Gutierrez, Francisco J VillalobosAbstract:The larvae of scarab beetles, known as “white grubs” and belonging to the genera Phyllophaga and Anomala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), are regarded as soil-dwelling pests in Mexico. During a survey conducted to find pathogenic bacteria with the potential to control scarab larvae, a native Serratia sp. (strain Mor4.1) was isolated from a dead third-instar Phyllophaga blanchardi larva collected from a cornfield in Tres Marias, Morelos, Mexico. Oral bioassays using healthy P. blanchardi larvae fed with the Mor4.1 isolate showed that this strain was able to cause an antifeeding effect and a significant loss of weight. Mortality was observed for P. blanchardi, P. trichodes, and P. obsoleta in a multidose experiment. The Mor4.1 isolate also caused 100% mortality 24 h after intracoelomic inoculation of the larvae of P. blanchardi, P. ravida, Anomala donovani and the lepidopteran insect Manduca sexta. Oral and injection bioassays were performed with concentrated culture broths of the Mor4.1 isolate to search for disease symptoms and mortality caused by extracellular proteins. The results have shown that Mor4.1 broths produce significant antifeeding effects and mortality. Mor4.1 broths treated with proteinase K lost the ability to cause disease symptoms and mortality, in both the oral and the injection bioassays, suggesting the involvement of toxic proteins in the disease. The Mor4.1 isolate was identified as a putative Serratia entomophila Mor4.1 strain based on numerical taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses done with the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The potential of S. entomophila Mor4.1 and its toxins to be used in an integrated pest management program is discussed.
L J Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Seasonal and Vertical Distribution of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in the Soil Profi le
2020Co-Authors: L J Oliveira, Maria Alice Garcia, José Renato Bouças Farias, Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-campo, Maria L B, Embrapa SojaAbstract:Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) temporal and vertical distribution patterns were evaluated in the soil profi le, in order to subsidize methodology for population sampling, aiming at its management. In insect surveys carried out during three years, in Boa Esperanca County, State of Parana, Brazil, Phyllophaga cuyabana was univoltine, with little overlap of the larval stages. Population peaked during December-February, but declined during the colder months, when larvae were in diapause. Different developmental stages exploited distinct soil depths. Eggs and early fi rst instars tended to concentrate between 5 cm and 10 cm deep, but they spread more uniformly through the soil profi le, reaching depths up to 30 cm, as they developed. Adults and eggs occurred in the spring (October to December) when active larvae also started to be observed; feeding larvae occurred up to late-April between 0 to15 cm deep. Diapausing larvae and pupae were observed from early fall to early spring, mostly from 15 cm to 30 cm deep. Throughout the year, the number of insects in the soil (up to 40 cm deep) showed a positive functional relationship with air temperature and evapotranspiration. The relationship of percent distribution of larvae in the soil profi le and soil temperature, however, was positive only above 10 cm. To estimate the insect population from November to April, samples can be collected until 20 cm deep; from May to October, however, samplings should be deeper, up to 30 cm.
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seasonal and vertical distribution of Phyllophaga cuyabana moser coleoptera melolonthidae in the soil profile
Neotropical Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: L J Oliveira, C B Hoffmanncampo, J R B Farias, Maria Do L B Amaral, Maria Alice GarciaAbstract:Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) temporal and vertical distribution patterns were evaluated in the soil profile, in order to subsidize methodology for population sampling, aiming at its management. In insect surveys carried out during three years, in Boa Esperanca County, State of Parana, Brazil, Phyllophaga cuyabana was univoltine, with little overlap of the larval stages. Population peaked during December-February, but declined during the colder months, when larvae were in diapause. Different developmental stages exploited distinct soil depths. Eggs and early first instars tended to concentrate between 5 cm and 10 cm deep, but they spread more uniformly through the soil profile, reaching depths up to 30 cm, as they developed. Adults and eggs occurred in the spring (October to December) when active larvae also started to be observed; feeding larvae occurred up to late-April between 0 to15 cm deep. Diapausing larvae and pupae were observed from early fall to early spring, mostly from 15 cm to 30 cm deep. Throughout the year, the number of insects in the soil (up to 40 cm deep) showed a positive functional relationship with air temperature and evapotranspiration. The relationship of percent distribution of larvae in the soil profile and soil temperature, however, was positive only above 10 cm. To estimate the insect population from November to April, samples can be collected until 20 cm deep; from May to October, however, samplings should be deeper, up to 30 cm.
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identification of the sex pheromone of Phyllophaga cuyabana coleoptera melolonthidae
Tetrahedron Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Paulo H G Zarbin, Walter S Leal, Crebio Jose Avila, L J OliveiraAbstract:Phenol 1 and p-cresol 2 were identified as sex pheromone components released by females Phyllophaga cuyabana. The compounds are produced in a ratio of 1:1, as detected by the analysis of pheromone gland extract. In field experiments, the capture of males in traps baited with the synthetic blend were significantly higher than in control traps.
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aggregation behavior of Phyllophaga cuyabana moser coleoptera melolonthidae relationships between sites chosen for mating and offspring distribution
Neotropical Entomology, 2003Co-Authors: Maria Alice Garcia, L J Oliveira, Maria Cristina De OliveiraAbstract:The aggregation behavior of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) was studied and the hypothesis that the cluster distribution of larvae of this pest into the soil is related to the sites where females from the previous generation had aggregated for mating was investigated. Field observations and greenhouse experiments carried out in Londrina County, State of Parana, South Brazil, indicated that: a) during flight, adult females of P. cuyabana select plants, which are more conspicuous for landing and/or attracting males; b) tall plants, nearby soybean fields, might be preferred because female adults do not move far from the mating sites before digging themselves into the soil to lay eggs; c) high density of eggs and larvae occurs close to the adult aggregation sites. There is a negative correlation between larval density in the soil and distance from adult aggregation sites.
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coro da soja Phyllophaga cuyabana
1997Co-Authors: L J Oliveira, Maria Alice Garcia, C B Hoffmanncampo, D R Sosagomez, J R B Farias, I C CorsoAbstract:Classificacao taxonomica; Ciclo biologico e comportamento; Distribuicao estacional e flutuacao populacional; Variacao temporal da populacao e movimentacao vertical de larvas no solo; Danos; Estrategias de manejo de P. cuyabana em lavouras de soja; Manipulacao de epoca de semeadura; Manejo de solo; Medidas para diminuir a populacao de larvas; Medidas para aumentar a tolerancia da soja a P. cuyabana; Outras alternativas de controle.
W. N. Yule - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ACARI ASSOCIATED WITH Phyllophaga ANXIA (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC AND EASTERN ONTARIO
Canadian Entomologist, 1992Co-Authors: T. J. Poprawski, W. N. YuleAbstract:In the course of a systematic survey from 1979 to 1982 in southern Quebec and eastern Ontario, 11 genera of mites, representing five families and 15 species, were found associated with Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte). The rate of infestation in each growth stage of the host ranged from 0 (eggs and prepupae) to 54.6% (third-instar grubs). Although it was not possible to determine with certainty the ecological roles of the mite taxa, and thus to assess the real impact of the species involved, it is likely that the Macrochelidae, Parasitidae, and possibly Eviphididae were partially regulating local P . anxia populations. The Acaridae and Histiostomidae (Anoetidae) probably had a harmless phoretic or saprotrophic relation with their hosts. Most of the mite species reported here were found associated with Phyllophaga Harris in Canada for the first time.
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field assays to determine attractancy of natural and synthetic lures to Phyllophaga anxia leconte col scarabaeidae
Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992Co-Authors: Tadeusz J. Poprawski, W. N. YuleAbstract:A study was initiated to evaluate selected natural and synthetic insect lures as attractants for adult Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) during the flight season in southern Quebec, Canada. Modified European chafer traps baited with known scarab attractants or unbaited, were exposed in four infested fields. Overall, traps baited with n-hexanoic acid were the most attractive; they captured more beetles of both sexes than unbaited traps or traps baited with the arbitrary standard binary lure (β-phenylethyl propionate: eugenol; 9:1). n-Hexanoic acid did not act as a sex attractant. Traps baited with phenol and with n-decanoic acid attracted more beetles than unbaited traps or traps baited with the other test-lures, n-hexanoic acid excepted. Traps baited with 21 of the test-lures failed to capture more beetles than unbaited traps. n-Hexanoic acid showed promise as an attractant after repeated testing; in only 1 of 8 comparisons did its effectiveness drop slightly below the standard. Traps baited with n-hexanoic acid captured about twice as many beetles as standard blacklight traps. The results of this study should provide a basis for future management strategies against the pest by supplementing present crop protection practices with behavior-modifying chemicals. n-Hexanoic acid could be further developed as a chemical attractant to deter adult P. anxia from crops and aggregate them in areas where they can be destroyed. Zusammenfassung Freilanduntersuchungen uber die Anlockwirkung naturlicher und synthetischer Lockstoffe auf Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) (Col., Scarabaeidae) Es wurden ausgewahlte naturliche und synthetische Lockstoffe hinsichtlich ihrer Attraktivitat auf adulte Kafer von Phyllophaga anxia wahrend der Flugzeit im sudlichen Quebec, Kanada, untersucht. Dabei kamen modifizierte europaische Kaferfallen, unbekodert oder mit bekannten Scarabaeidenlockstoffen bekodert, auf 4 befallenen Versuchsfeldern zum Einsatz. In allen Fallen wirkten die mit n-Hexansaure bestuckten Fallen am besten. Sie fingen mehr Kafer beiderlei Geschlechts als unbekoderte oder mit dem Standard-Doppellockstoff s-Phenylathyl-propionat: Eugenol versehene. n-Hexansaure wirkte nicht als Geschlechtslockstoff. Mit Phenol und n-Hexansaure bekoderte Fallen lockten mehr Kafer an als unbekoderte oder mit anderen Lockstoffen bestuckte Fallen. Mit 21 verschiedenen Testlockstoffen versehene Fallen zeigten keine starkere Lockwirkung als unbekoderte. n-Hexansaure zeigte sich auch in Wiederholungen erfolgreich. In nur 1 von 8 Vergleichen blieb ihre Wirkung unterhalb des Standards. Mit n-Hexansaure bekoderte Fallen fingen etwa zweimal mehr Kafer als standardisierte Schwarzlichtfallen. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse konnen als Grundlage fur kunftige Managementstrategien gegen den Schadling, verbunden mit der Verwendung verhaltensverandernder Chemikalien dienen. n-Hexansaure konnte weiterhin zu einem Lockmittel entwickelt werden, das im Sinne einer Fernhaltung adulter P. anxia von Feldfruchten eingesetzt wird.
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Chroniodiplogaster aerivora (Cobb) (Rhabditida: Diplogasteridae), a natural enemy of white grubs, Phyllophaga Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Tadeusz J. Poprawski, W. N. YuleAbstract:Chroniodiplogaster aerivora (Cobb) was isolated from immature pest June beetles Phyllophaga spp., in southern Quebec. The natural occurrence of the entomogenous nematode in the damaging grub stage of the beetle was frequent and widespread in the study area. Laboratory and small field plot infectivity tests, and behavioral studies confirmed the parasitic nature of the nematode. It was successfully maintained in cold storage for 22 months and was easily cultured on nutrient agar supplemented with grub tissues. A modified Baermann funnel was efficient in extracting large numbers of live C. aerivora from infected grubs. Chroniodiplogaster aerivora demonstrated sufficient tolerance to environmental factors for it to be retested on a larger scale and even considered for field control of Phyllophaga and possibly other scarabaeid beetles.
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incidence of fungi in natural populations of Phyllophaga spp and susceptibility of Phyllophaga anxia leconte col scarabaeidae to beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae deuteromycotina
Journal of Applied Entomology, 1991Co-Authors: T. J. Poprawski, W. N. YuleAbstract:Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin var. anisopliae, Fusarium sp. near F. solani (Martius) Appel & Wollenweber, Cordyceps sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from pest June beetles, Phyllophaga spp., in southern Quebec. The pathogenicity of the Hyphomycetes for Phyllophaga grubs was assessed by contact with sporulating fungal cultures. Grubs were moderately to highly susceptible to the fungi. Mortality was higher with B. bassiana (Bb) and M. anisopliae (Ma) than with other Hyphomycetes. The muscardines were also bioassayed against grubs using various administrative routes (oral, topical, injection and soil application). Both Bb and Ma were weakly to not infectious when injected or force-fed to the grubs. Topical application of spore suspensions induced green muscardine mycosis in 64% of second and 52% of third instar grubs, but mortality was lower with Bb (39 and 28%). Soil application of relatively low spore rates of Ma gave respectively 82 and 97% control of second and third instar grubs, but a 10-fold higher spore rate of Bb achieved only 24% control of second instars. White grubs were also susceptible to Ma applied to the soil of field plots under natural environmental conditions. The LC50 value for the fungus was ca. 1.0 × 10-12 spores ha-1 of soil. Metarhizium anisopliae is considered as a promising biocontrol agent of Phyllophaga spp. Zusammenfassung Z.um Auftreten von Pilzen in naturlichen Populationen von Phyllophaga spp. und zur Empfindlichkeit von Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) (Col., Scarabaeidae) gegenuber Beauveria bassiana und Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina) Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin var. anisopliae, Fusarium sp. nahe F. solani (Martius) Appel & Wollenweber, Cordyceps sp., Penicillium sp. und Aspergillus sp. konnten aus Junikafern, Phyllophaga spp. im sudlichen Quebec isoliert werden. Die Pathogenitat dieser Pilze fur Phyllophaga-Larven wurde durch Kontaktinfektion mit sporulierenden Pilzkulturen getestet. Die Larven erwiesen sich als leicht bis hochempfindlich. Bei der Infektion mit B. bassiana (Bb) und M. anisopliae (Ma) ergaben sich hohere Mortalitatswerte als bei anderen Hyphomycetes. Daneben wurden auch andere Infektionswege getestet: oral, topikal, Injektion und Bodenbehandlung. Sowohl Bb als auch Ma waren nur schwach bis nicht infektios, wenn sie den Larven injiziert oder per Zwangsfutterung verabreicht wurden. Die topikale Applikation der Sporensuspension verursachte bei 64% der L2 und bei 52% der L3-Larven eine Mykose, aber die Mortalitatsrate war geringer (39 bzw. 28%). Die Bodenapplikation einer relativ geringen Sporenkonzentration von Ma fuhrte bei L2-Larven zu 82% und bei L3-Larven zu 97% Mortalitat, dagegen konnte bei einer 10x hoheren Bb-Konzentration nur eine 24%ige Mortalitat der L2-Larven beobachtet werden. Weise Larven erwiesen sich gleichfalls als empfindlich gegenuber Ma, wenn der Pilz unter naturlichen Umweltbedingungen im Freiland getestet wurde. Der LC50-Wert betrug ca. 1 × 1012 Sporen pro ha Bodenflache. Metarhizium anisopliae kann in der biologischen Bekampfung von Phyllophaga spp. als sehr vielversprechend betrachtet werden.
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Bacterial pathogens of Phyllophaga spp. (Col., Scarabaeidae) in southern Quebec, Canada.
Journal of Applied Entomology, 1990Co-Authors: T. J. Poprawski, W. N. YuleAbstract:Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland, Bacillus popilliae Dutky, Micrococcus nigrofasciens Northrup, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula and Serratia marcescens Bizio were isolated from pest June beetles, Phyllophaga spp., in southern Quebec. The pathogenicity of these isolates for Phyllophaga grubs was assessed by oral and injected applications of bacterial spores or cells. All five bacterial species were pathogenic to grubs by injection. Only the two sporeformers, B. popilliae and B. cereus, were infectious when orally applied to grubs. Bacillus cereus was found to be a potential microbial control agent of Phyllophaga spp. A local isolate and a commercial preparation of B. popilliae were also assayed against grubs by oral, topical, injected and soil applications of inocula. Both isolates were weakly to not infectious, killing a maximum of 7.5 % of test grubs when orally applied at the dosage of 3 × 106 spores per individual. Although-further assays should be conducted to substantiate these findings, B. popilliae was not considered as a promising agent for the biocontrol of Phyllophaga spp. Zusammenfassung Bakterielle Pathogene von Phyllophaga spp. (Col., Scarabaeidae) im sudlichen Quebec, Kanada Sudlich von Quebec wurden Bacillus cereus Frankland und Frankland, Bacillus popilliae Dutky, Micrococcus nigrofasciens Northrup, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula und Serratia marcescens Bizio in Phyllophaga spp. festgestellt. Die Pathogenitat dieser Isolate gegenuber Phyllophaga-Larven wurde durch orale oder injektiose Applikation getestet. Alle 5 Arten waren Larven-pathogen, wenn Einimpfung angewandt wurde. Bei oraler Applikation waren nur B. popilliae und B. cereus infektios. Bacillus cereus wurde als potentielles Mittel zur mikrobiologischen Bekampfung von Phyllophaga spp. erkannt. Ein Isolat aus Quebec sowie ein kommerzielles Praparat des B. popilliae wurden ebenfalls getestet; die Inokulation erfolgte oral, topikal und injektios gegen Larven oder durch Injektion in den Boden. Beide Isolate zeigten sich schwach bis nicht infektios: maximal 7.5 % der Test-Larven wurden bei oraler Anwendung und einer Dosierung von 3 × 106 Sporen/Larve getotet. Weitere Untersuchungen sind notig, um diese Arbeiten zu vertiefen. Zur Zeit kann B. popilliae noch nicht als eventuelles Mittel fur eine biologische Bekampfung von Phyllophaga spp. empfohlen werden.