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Jonathan D G Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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accelerated cloning of a potato late blight Resistance gene using renseq and smrt sequencing
Nature Biotechnology, 2016Co-Authors: Kamil Witek, Florian Jupe, Agnieszka I Witek, David Baker, Matthew D Clark, Jonathan D G JonesAbstract:A method for rapid cloning of Plant Disease-Resistance genes could provide sustainable genetic solutions to crop pests and pathogens in place of agrichemicals.
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cladosporium avr2 inhibits tomato rcr3 protease required for cf 2 dependent Disease Resistance
Science, 2005Co-Authors: Henrietta C E Rooney, Jonathan D G Jones, John W Van T Klooster, Renier A L Van Der Hoorn, M H A J Joosten, Pierre J G M De WitAbstract:How Plants recognize pathogens and activate defense is still mysterious. Direct interaction between pathogen avirulence (Avr) proteins and Plant Disease Resistance proteins is the exception rather than the rule. During infection, Cladosporium fulvum secretes Avr2 protein into the apoplast of tomato leaves and, in the presence of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat receptor-like Cf-2 protein, triggers a hypersensitive response (HR) that also requires the extracellular tomato cysteine protease Rcr3. We show here that Avr2 binds and inhibits Rcr3 and propose that the Rcr3-Avr2 complex enables the Cf-2 protein to activate an HR.
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Regulatory Role of SGT1 in Early R Gene-Mediated Plant Defenses
Science (New York N.Y.), 2002Co-Authors: Mark J Austin, Jonathan D G Jones, Paul Muskett, Katherine Kahn, Bart J. Feys, Jane E. ParkerAbstract:Animal SGT1 is a component of Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases that target regulatory proteins for degradation. Mutations in one (SGT1b) of two highly homologous Arabidopsis SGT1 genes disable early Plant defenses conferred by multiple Resistance (R) genes. Loss of SGT1b function in Resistance is not compensated for by SGT1a. R genes differ in their requirements for SGT1b and a second Resistance signaling gene, RAR1, that was previously implicated as an SGT1 interactor. Moreover, SGT1b and RAR1 contribute additively to RPP5-mediated pathogen recognition. These data imply both operationally distinct and cooperative functions of SGT1 and RAR1 in Plant Disease Resistance.
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putting knowledge of Plant Disease Resistance genes to work
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2001Co-Authors: Jonathan D G JonesAbstract:Plant Disease Resistance genes trigger defence mechanisms upon recognition of pathogen compatibility factors, which are encoded by avirulence genes. Isolation of the barley powdery mildew Resistance gene Mla opens the door to understanding the extensive allelic diversity of this locus. Completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence enables the analysis of the complete set of R-gene homologues in a flowering Plant. A new R gene, RPW8, conferring Resistance in Arabidopsis to powdery mildew, reveals a new class of protein associated with pathogen recognition. New prospects for using R-gene polymorphism in agriculture are becoming apparent.
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recombination between diverged clusters of the tomato cf 9 Plant Disease Resistance gene family
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999Co-Authors: Martin Parniske, Jonathan D G JonesAbstract:The tomato Cf-4 and Cf-9 genes are the founder members of a large gene family of homologues of Cladosporium fulvum Resistance gene Cf-9 (Hcr9 genes), several of which confer Resistance against C. fulvum through recognition of different pathogen-encoded avirulence determinants. Three loci of tandemly repeated Hcr9 genes—Southern Cross (SC), Milky Way (MW), and Northern Lights (NL)—are located on the short arm of tomato chromosome 1. Comparisons between 2 SC-Hcr9s, 11 from MW, and 5 from NL implicated sequence exchange between gene family members in their evolution. The extent to which novel variants can be generated by recombination depends on the degree of sequence polymorphism available within the gene family. Here we show that physical separation of Hcr9 genes can be associated with elevated sequence divergence. Two diverged subclasses of Hcr9s could be defined. These are physically separated from each other, with members of one class exclusively residing at Northern Lights. One exceptional Hcr9 at Northern Lights carried sequence features specific for Hcr9s at other loci, suggesting a recent transfer of this gene by an interlocus recombination event. As members of diverged subclasses are brought into physical vicinity within a tandem repeat, a larger spectrum of sequence variants can potentially be generated by subsequent interhomologue sequence exchange.
Jeffery L Dangl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plant Disease Resistance protein signaling nbs lrr proteins and their partners
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Youssef Belkhadir, Rajagopal Subramaniam, Jeffery L DanglAbstract:Most Plant Disease Resistance (R) proteins contain a series of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a nucleotide-binding site (NBS), and a putative amino-terminal signaling domain. They are termed NBS-LRR proteins. The LRRs of a wide variety of proteins from many organisms serve as protein interaction platforms, and as regulatory modules of protein activation. Genetically, the LRRs of Plant R proteins are determinants of response specificity, and their action can lead to Plant cell death in the form of the familiar hypersensitive response (HR). A total of 149 R genes are potentially expressed in the Arabidopsis genome, and Plant cells must deal with the difficult task of assembling many of the proteins encoded by these genes into functional signaling complexes. Eukaryotic cells utilize several strategies to deal with this problem. First, proteins are spatially restricted to their sub-cellular site of function, thus improving the probability that they will interact with their proper partners. Second, these interactions are architecturally organized to avoid inappropriate signaling events and to maintain the fidelity and efficiency of the response when it is initiated. Recent results provide new insights into how the signaling potential of R proteins might be created, managed and held in check until specific stimulation following infection. Nevertheless, the roles of the R protein partners in these regulatory events that have been defined to date are unclear.
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an evolutionarily conserved mediator of Plant Disease Resistance gene function is required for normal arabidopsis development
Developmental Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Ben F Holt, Douglas C Boyes, Mats Ellerstrom, Nicholas Siefers, Aaron Wiig, Scott Kauffman, Murray Grant, Jeffery L DanglAbstract:Plants recognize many pathogens through the action of a diverse family of proteins called Disease Resistance (R) genes. The Arabidopsis R gene RPM1 encodes Resistance to specific Pseudomonas syringae strains. We describe an RPM1-interacting protein that is an ortholog of TIP49a, previously shown to interact with the TATA binding protein (TBP) complex and to modulate c-myc- and β-catenin-mediated signaling in animals. Reduction of Arabidopsis TIP49a (AtTIP49a) mRNA levels results in measurable increases of two R-dependent responses without constitutively activating defense responses, suggesting that AtTIP49a can act as a negative regulator of at least some R functions. Further, AtTIP49a is essential for both sporophyte and female gametophyte viability. Thus, regulators of R function overlap with essential modulators of Plant development.
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knowing the dancer from the dance r gene products and their interactions with other proteins from host and pathogen
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2001Co-Authors: Zachary L Nimchuk, Laurence Rohmer, Jeff H Chang, Jeffery L DanglAbstract:Cloning of Plant Disease Resistance genes is now commonplace in model Plants. Recent attention has turned to how the proteins that they encode function biochemically to recognize their cognate Avirulence protein and to initiate the Disease-Resistance response. In addition, attention has turned to how the Avirulence proteins of pathogens might alter susceptible hosts for the benefit of the pathogen, and what Plant proteins might be required for that process.
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interference between two specific pathogen recognition events mediated by distinct Plant Disease Resistance genes
The Plant Cell, 1996Co-Authors: Claudia Ritter, Jeffery L DanglAbstract:We demonstrate that the interaction of the avirulence gene avrRpt2 and the cognate Resistance gene RPS2 interferes with the interaction of avrRpm1-RPM1 in Arabidopsis. Interference is mediated outside of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, presumably at the level of recognition of avr-dependent signals, yet does not require the wild-type RPS2 product. A numerical excess of P. syringae expressing avrRpm1 can overcome this interference in mixed inoculations. The interference of avrRpt2-RPS2 engagement with RPM1-dependent functions is mirrored by transcriptional activation of genes preferentially expressed during RPM1- or RPS2-mediated Disease Resistance reactions. This demonstration of interference between two Plant Disease Resistance genes suggests that their products compete for a common element(s) in a signal transduction pathway leading to Disease Resistance.
A Meinel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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more precise map position and origin of a durable non specific adult Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust puccinia striiformis in wheat
Euphytica, 2006Co-Authors: E K Khlestkina, O Unger, M S Roder, A Meinel, A BornerAbstract:Recently a major gene determining non-specific adult Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) designated Yrns-B1 was mapped in wheat Triticum aestivum L. by using a cross between ‘Lgst. 79-74’ (resistant) and ‘Winzi’ (susceptible). Linkage to five Gatersleben wheat microsatellite (GWM) markers was discovered, previously mapped on chromosome arm 3BS. In the present study this map was improved by the incorporation of four additional GWM markers. QTL-analysis revealed high LOD values for the Resistance at all nine loci, whereas the largest LOD (20.76) was found for the newly mapped marker Xgwm1329.
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the detection and molecular mapping of a major gene for non specific adult Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust puccinia striiformis in wheat
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000Co-Authors: A Borner, M S Roder, O Unger, A MeinelAbstract:A major gene determining non-specific adult-Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) designated Yrns-B1 was mapped by using a cross between ’Lgst.79–74’ (resistant) and ’Winzi’ (susceptible). Analyzing F3 lines of two consecutive experimental years contrary modes of inheritance were observed due to the intermediate character of the gene and the difference in the Disease pressure during the seasons. Using the Disease scoring data of both experimental years independently two maps were constructed detecting Yrns-B1 20.5 and 21.7 cM, respectively, proximal to the wheat microsatellite (WMS) marker Xgwm493 on the short arm of chromosome 3BS. The genetic relationships to other major genes or to quantitative trait loci controlling adult Plant Disease Resistance against rusts in wheat are discussed.
J G Ellis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the generation of Plant Disease Resistance gene specificities
Trends in Plant Science, 2000Co-Authors: J G Ellis, Peter N Dodds, Tony PryorAbstract:We are gaining an understanding of the molecular basis of Resistance specificity and of the natural processes that generate different specificities. This is a prerequisite for the genetic engineering of new Plant Disease-Resistance genes to control Diseases for which naturally occurring Resistance is inadequate. DNA sequence analysis indicates that point mutation, recombination and selection can generate and maintain the high levels of polymorphism observed in Resistance genes. Comparisons of closely related Resistance proteins indicate that specificity can be determined by variation in at least two regions. One of these contains leucine-rich repeats, which are a common feature of most Resistance proteins.
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structure function and evolution of Plant Disease Resistance genes
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2000Co-Authors: J G Ellis, Peter N Dodds, Tony PryorAbstract:Gene-for-gene Plant Disease Resistance involves two basic processes: perception of pathogen attack, followed by responses to limit Disease. Perception involves receptors with high degrees of specificity for pathogen strains, which are encoded by Disease Resistance genes. Large repertoires of distantly related Resistance (R) genes with diverse recognitional specificities are found within a single Plant species. The generation of R-gene polymorphism involves gene duplication, followed by DNA-sequence divergence by point mutation, and by deletion and duplication of intragenic DNA repeats encoding blocks of leucine-rich elements. Recombination between related genes reassorts this variation to further diversify gene sequences. Pathogen pressure selects functional Resistance specificities and results in the maintenance of R-gene diversity. Recent genome-sequence data reveal that the NBS-LRR (i.e. nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat) class of R genes represents as much as 1% of the Arabidopsis genome. Experimental data have shown that the LRR has a role in determination of specificity. Mutation experiments, in which R-gene signaling has been dissociated from specificity in constitutive signal mutants, have provided the potential for non-specific Resistance to be expressed from pathogen-infection-induced promoters in transgenic Plants.
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the l6 gene for flax rust Resistance is related to the arabidopsis bacterial Resistance gene rps2 and the tobacco viral Resistance gene n
The Plant Cell, 1995Co-Authors: G J Lawrence, E J Finnegan, Michael Ayliffe, J G EllisAbstract:The L6 rust Resistance gene from flax was cloned after tagging with the maize transposable element Activator. The gene is predicted to encode two products of 1294 and 705 amino acids that result from alternatively spliced transcripts. The longer product is similar to the products of two other Plant Disease Resistance genes, the tobacco mosaic virus Resistance gene N of tobacco and the bacterial Resistance gene RPS2 of Arabidopsis. The similarity involves the presence of a nucleotide (ATP/GTP) binding site and several other amino acid motifs of unknown function in the N-terminal half of the polypeptides and a leucine-rich region in the C-terminal half. The truncated product of L6, which lacks most of the leucine-rich C-terminal region, is similar to the truncated product that is predicted from an alternative transcript of the N gene. The L6, N, and RPS2 genes, which control Resistance to three widely different pathogen types, are the foundation of a class of Plant Disease Resistance genes that can be referred to as nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat Resistance genes.
A Borner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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more precise map position and origin of a durable non specific adult Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust puccinia striiformis in wheat
Euphytica, 2006Co-Authors: E K Khlestkina, O Unger, M S Roder, A Meinel, A BornerAbstract:Recently a major gene determining non-specific adult Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) designated Yrns-B1 was mapped in wheat Triticum aestivum L. by using a cross between ‘Lgst. 79-74’ (resistant) and ‘Winzi’ (susceptible). Linkage to five Gatersleben wheat microsatellite (GWM) markers was discovered, previously mapped on chromosome arm 3BS. In the present study this map was improved by the incorporation of four additional GWM markers. QTL-analysis revealed high LOD values for the Resistance at all nine loci, whereas the largest LOD (20.76) was found for the newly mapped marker Xgwm1329.
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the detection and molecular mapping of a major gene for non specific adult Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust puccinia striiformis in wheat
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000Co-Authors: A Borner, M S Roder, O Unger, A MeinelAbstract:A major gene determining non-specific adult-Plant Disease Resistance against stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) designated Yrns-B1 was mapped by using a cross between ’Lgst.79–74’ (resistant) and ’Winzi’ (susceptible). Analyzing F3 lines of two consecutive experimental years contrary modes of inheritance were observed due to the intermediate character of the gene and the difference in the Disease pressure during the seasons. Using the Disease scoring data of both experimental years independently two maps were constructed detecting Yrns-B1 20.5 and 21.7 cM, respectively, proximal to the wheat microsatellite (WMS) marker Xgwm493 on the short arm of chromosome 3BS. The genetic relationships to other major genes or to quantitative trait loci controlling adult Plant Disease Resistance against rusts in wheat are discussed.