The Experts below are selected from a list of 4461 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott O Lilienfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Personality disorders as emergent interpersonal syndromes Psychopathic Personality as a case example
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2019Co-Authors: Scott O Lilienfeld, Robert D Latzman, Ashley L Watts, Sarah Francis Smith, Brett A Murphy, Thomas H Costello, Shauna M Bowes, Nick Haslam, Kathryn TabbAbstract:Personality disorders have long been bedeviled by a host of conceptual and methodological quandaries. Starting from the assumption that Personality disorders are inherently interpersonal conditions that reflect folk concepts of social impairment, the authors contend that a subset of Personality disorders, rather than traditional syndromes, are emergent interpersonal syndromes (EISs): interpersonally malignant configurations (statistical interactions) of distinct Personality dimensions that may be only modestly, weakly, or even negatively correlated. Preliminary support for this perspective derives from a surprising source, namely, largely forgotten research on the intercorrelations among the subscales of select MMPI/MMPI-2 clinical scales. Using Psychopathic Personality as a case example, the authors offer provisional evidence for the EIS hypothesis from four lines of research and delineate its implications for Personality disorder theory, research, and classification. Conceptualizing some Personality disorders as EISs elucidates long-standing quandaries and controversies in the psychopathology literature and affords fruitful avenues for future investigation.
-
identifying careless responding with the Psychopathic Personality inventory revised validity scales
Assessment, 2018Co-Authors: David K Marcus, Abere Sawaqdeh Church, Debra Oconnell, Scott O LilienfeldAbstract:The Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) includes validity scales that assess Deviant Responding (DR), Virtuous Responding, and Inconsistent Responding. We examined the utility of these scales for identifying careless responding using data from two online studies that examined correlates of psychopathy in college students (Sample 1: N = 583; Sample 2: N = 454). Compared with those below the cut scores, those above the cut on the DR scale yielded consistently lower validity coefficients when PPI-R scores were correlated with corresponding scales from the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure. The other three PPI-R validity scales yielded weaker and less consistent results. Participants who completed the studies in an inordinately brief amount of time scored significantly higher on the DR and Virtuous Responding scales than other participants. Based on the findings from the current studies, researchers collecting PPI-R data online should consider identifying and perhaps screening out respondents with elevated scores on the DR scale.
-
examining the correlates of the coldheartedness factor of the Psychopathic Personality inventory revised
Psychological Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Joanna M Berg, Robert D Latzman, Lisa K Hecht, Scott O LilienfeldAbstract:Coldheartedness is a subscale of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Revised (PPI-R) that does not load onto either of the PPI-R’s two traditional higher order factors (Fearless Dominance [FD] and Self-Centered Impulsivity [SCI]). As a result, it has been omitted from analyses in many studies. However, owing to Coldheartedness’s associations with lack of empathy, guilt, and deep-seated social emotions, this subscale may be highly relevant to the construct of psychopathy. In a sample of 1,158 undergraduates, we attempted to clarify Coldheartedness’s correlates within the context of a nomological network of psychopathology and Personality; in addition, we examined Coldheartedness’s contributions to psychopathy above and beyond FD and SCI. Coldheartedness demonstrated negative correlations with the Big Five Personality factors, mixed correlations with indices of impulsivity, and largely negative correlations with measures of depression and anxiety. Regressions suggested that Coldheartedness displays substantial overlap with both FD and SCI but also contains psychologically important unique variance. Although the nature of this variance requires clarification, further research and perhaps an expansion of the Coldheartedness subscale may move the field toward a clearer understanding of the construct assessed by this measure.
-
using a genetic algorithm to abbreviate the Psychopathic Personality inventory revised ppi r
Psychological Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Hedwig Eisenbarth, Scott O Lilienfeld, Tal YarkoniAbstract:Some self-report measures of Personality and Personality disorders, including the widely used Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Revised (PPI-R), are lengthy and time-intensive. In recent work, we introduced an automated genetic algorithm (GA)-based method for abbreviating psychometric measures. In Study 1, we used this approach to generate a short (40-item) version of the PPI-R using 3 large-N German student samples (total N = 1,590). The abbreviated measure displayed high convergent correlations with the original PPI-R, and outperformed an alternative measure constructed using a conventional approach. Study 2 tested the convergent and discriminant validity of this short version in a fourth student sample (N = 206) using sensation-seeking and sensitivity to reward and punishment scales, again demonstrating similar convergent and discriminant validity for the PPI-R-40 compared with the full version. In a fifth community sample of North American participants acquired using Amazon Mechanical Turk, the PPI-R-40 showed similarly high convergent correlations, demonstrating stability across language, culture, and data-collection method. Taken together, these studies suggest that the GA approach is a viable method for abbreviating measures of psychopathy, and perhaps Personality measures in general.
-
correlates of Psychopathic Personality traits in everyday life results from a large community survey
Frontiers in Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Scott O Lilienfeld, Robert D Latzman, Ashley L Watts, Sarah Francis Smith, Kevin DuttonAbstract:Although the traits of Psychopathic Personality (psychopathy) have received extensive attention from researchers in forensic psychology, psychopathology, and Personality psychology, the relations of these traits to aspects of everyday functioning are poorly understood. Using a large internet survey of members of the general population (N = 3388), we examined the association between Psychopathic traits, as measured by a brief but well-validated self-report measure, and occupational choice, political orientation, religious affiliation, and geographical residence. Psychopathic traits, especially those linked to fearless dominance, were positively and moderately associated with holding leadership and management positions, as well as high-risk occupations. In addition, Psychopathic traits were positively associated with political conservatism, lack of belief in God, and living in Europe as opposed to the United States, although the magnitudes of these statistical effects were generally small in magnitude. Our findings offer preliminary evidence that Psychopathic Personality traits display meaningful response penetration into daily functioning, and raise provocative questions for future research.
John F Edens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
evaluating the structure of Psychopathic Personality traits a meta analysis of the Psychopathic Personality inventory
Psychological Assessment, 2018Co-Authors: Jared R Ruchensky, John F Edens, Katherine S Corker, Brent M Donnellan, Edward A Witt, Daniel M BlonigenAbstract:Which core traits exemplify Psychopathic Personality disorder is a hotly debated question within psychology, particularly regarding the role of ostensibly adaptive traits such as stress immunity, social potency, and fearlessness. Much of the research on the interrelationships among putatively adaptive and more maladaptive traits of psychopathy has focused on the factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) and its revision, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R). These instruments include content scales that have coalesced to form 2 higher order factors in some (but not all) prior studies: Fearless Dominance and Self-Centered Impulsivity. Given the inconsistencies in prior research, we performed a meta-analytic factor analysis of the 8 content scales from these instruments (total N > 18,000) and found general support for these 2 dimensions in community samples. The structure among offender samples (e.g., prisoners, forensic patients) supported a 3-factor model in which the Fearlessness content scale loaded onto Self-Centered Impulsivity (rather than Fearless Dominance). There were also indications that the Stress Immunity content scale had different relations to the other PPI scales in offender versus community samples. We discuss the theoretical and diagnostic implications of these differing factor structures for the field of psychopathy research. (PsycINFO Database Record
-
boldness and its relation to Psychopathic Personality prototypicality analyses among forensic mental health criminal justice and layperson raters
Law and Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Karolina Sorman, John F Edens, Shannon Toney Smith, John W Clark, Marianne Kristiansson, Olof SvenssonAbstract:Research on Psychopathic Personality has been dominated by a focus on criminality and social deviance, but some theoretical models argue that certain putatively adaptive features are important components of this construct. In 3 samples (forensic mental health practitioners, probation officers and a layperson community sample), we investigated adaptive traits as conceptualized in the Triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick et al., 2009), specifically the relevance of boldness to construals of Psychopathic Personality. Participants completed prototypicality ratings of Psychopathic traits, including 3 items created to tap components of boldness (Socially bold, Adventurous, Emotionally stable), and they also rated a series of attitudinal statements (e.g., perceived correlates of being Psychopathic, moral judgments about psychopaths). The composite Boldness scale was rated as moderately to highly prototypical among forensic mental health practitioners and probation officers and positively associated with other theoretically relevant domains of psychopathy. Across samples, higher composite Boldness ratings predicted greater endorsement of adaptive traits (e.g., social skills) as characteristic of psychopathy. For the individual items, Socially bold was rated as highly prototypical and was associated with theoretically relevant correlates. Adventurous also was seen as prototypical, though to a lesser degree. Only forensic mental health practitioners endorsed Emotionally stable as characteristic of psychopathy. Our results provide partial support for the contention that the boldness concept is viewed as an important component of psychopathy, particularly among professionals who work directly with offender populations. (PsycINFO Database Record
-
so what is a psychopath venireperson perceptions beliefs and attitudes about Psychopathic Personality
Law and Human Behavior, 2014Co-Authors: Shannon Toney Smith, John F Edens, John W Clark, Allison RulsehAbstract:This study surveyed over 400 individuals attending jury duty regarding various perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs they had concerning Psychopathic Personality (psychopathy). The protocol included (a) prototype ratings of what participants considered to be core features, using the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) prototype rating scale; (b) questions concerning knowledge and beliefs about psychopathy (e.g., prevalence in society); and (c) attitudinal scales concerning potential associated features (e.g., criminality, rehabilitation potential), etiological underpinnings, and moral judgments and legal sanctions. Consistent with results of earlier studies using expert raters, jury panel members rated most of the 33 individual CAPP items and all 6 CAPP scales as at least moderately prototypical, with Self and Dominance domains obtaining the highest mean ratings. Many participants also strongly endorsed symptoms of psychosis (e.g., delusions) as prototypical of psychopathy. Despite this, they viewed psychopaths as responsible for their own actions, as capable of determining right from wrong, and as generally not "insane." Our findings indicate that jury panel members view the prototypical psychopath as highly dominant, self-focused, and lacking in remorse and empathy and reinforce the need for expert witnesses to clearly differentiate between psychopathy and psychotic-spectrum disorders.
-
examining the necessity for and utility of the Psychopathic Personality inventory revised ppi r validity scales
Law and Human Behavior, 2013Co-Authors: Jaime L Anderson, Dustin B Wygant, Martin Sellbom, John F EdensAbstract:The present study aimed to investigate the need for and utility of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) Deviant Responding (DR) and Virtuous Responding (VR) validity scales in identifying overreporting and underreporting, respectively. Since the PPI-R was published, there has not been an independent peer-reviewed examination of these scales. Participants were 384 undergraduate individuals asked to respond to the PPI-R under standard, underreporting, or overreporting instructions. A comparison group consisting of 200 forensic psychiatric patients was also used for the overreporting analyses. Effects of response bias on mean elevations on the PPI-R substantive scales were examined along with the effects on the PPI-R total, factor, and content scales' correlations with other relevant extratest measures of psychopathy. Mean elevations differed significantly, and correlations with extratest measures of psychopathy were significantly lower. Substantial decrement in psychometric validity of PPI-R scores was observed in the simulation conditions. In addition, the utility of the PPI-R validity scales in differentiating between groups was also determined. Both the VR and DR scales showed utility in differentiating between their respective dissimulation condition and the comparison groups, with acceptable rates of sensitivity and specificity.
-
the two factor model of Psychopathic Personality evidence from the Psychopathic Personality inventory
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2013Co-Authors: David K Marcus, Jessica J Fulton, John F EdensAbstract:Psychopathy or Psychopathic Personality disorder represents a constellation of traits characterized by superficial charm, egocentricity, irresponsibility, fearlessness, persistent violation of social norms, and a lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse. Factor analyses of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI)typically yield two factors: Fearless Dominance (FD) and Self-Centered Impulsivity (SCI). Additionally, the Coldheartedness (CH) subscale typically does not load on either factor. The current paper includes a meta-analysis of studies that have examined theoretically important correlates of the two PPI factors and CH. Results suggest that (a) FD and SCI are orthogonal or weakly correlated, (b) each factor predicts distinct (and sometimes opposite) correlates, and (c) the FD factor is not highly correlated with most other measures of psychopathy. This pattern of results raises important questions about the relation between FD and SCI and the role of FD in conceptualizations of psychopathy. Our findings also indicate the need for future studies using the two-factor model of the PPI to conduct moderational analyses to examine potential interactions between FD and SCI in the prediction of important criterion measures.
Christopher J Patrick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
integrating alternative conceptions of Psychopathic Personality a latent variable model of triarchic psychopathy constructs
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2017Co-Authors: Laura E Drislane, Christopher J PatrickAbstract:This study undertook confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of data from 567 participants to quantify constructs specified by the triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009)-boldness, meanness, and disinhibition-as latent variables. Indicators for the CFAs consisted of subscales of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure along with triarchic scales derived from items of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory, Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, and Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. A modified three-factor model provided good fit to the data and outperformed alternative two- and one-factor models. Multiple-group CFAs demonstrated gender differences (male > female) in factor means and covariances, but not in factor loadings or intercepts. These findings support the idea that the triarchic model dimensions are embedded in differing models and measures of psychopathy and comprise essential building blocks for this clinical condition. Implications for understanding the structure of psychopathy, gender differences in Psychopathic traits, and applications of latent variable modeling in future research are discussed.
-
development and validation of triarchic construct scales from the Psychopathic Personality inventory
Psychological Assessment, 2014Co-Authors: Jason R Hall, Scott O Lilienfeld, Christopher J Patrick, Laura E Drislane, Mario Morano, Norman G PoythressAbstract:The Triarchic model of psychopathy describes this complex condition in terms of distinct phenotypic components of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Brief self-report scales designed specifically to index these psychopathy facets have thus far demonstrated promising construct validity. The present study sought to develop and validate scales for assessing facets of the Triarchic model using items from a well-validated existing measure of psychopathy-the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI). A consensus-rating approach was used to identify PPI items relevant to each Triarchic facet, and the convergent and discriminant validity of the resulting PPI-based Triarchic scales were evaluated in relation to multiple criterion variables (i.e., other psychopathy inventories, antisocial Personality disorder features, Personality traits, psychosocial functioning) in offender and nonoffender samples. The PPI-based Triarchic scales showed good internal consistency and related to criterion variables in ways consistent with predictions based on the Triarchic model. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for conceptualization and assessment of psychopathy.
-
factors of the Psychopathic Personality inventory criterion related validity and relationship to the bis bas and five factor models of Personality
Assessment, 2009Co-Authors: Scott R Ross, Christopher J Patrick, Stephen D Benning, Angela Thompson, Amanda ThurstonAbstract:Psychopathy is a Personality disorder that includes interpersonal-affective and antisocial deviance features. The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) contains two underlying factors (fearless ...
-
further evidence of the divergent correlates of the Psychopathic Personality inventory factors prediction of institutional misconduct among male prisoners
Psychological Assessment, 2008Co-Authors: John F Edens, Scott O Lilienfeld, Norman G Poythress, Christopher J Patrick, Amy TestAbstract:Recent evidence suggests that 2 largely orthogonal dimensions underpin the latent construct assessed by the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996): Fearless Dominance (PPI-I) and Impulsive Antisociality (PPI-II). Relatively few data exist on the correlates of these 2 dimensions in offender samples, however. The present study examines the criterion-related validity of these 2 dimensions among male prison inmates (N = 131) in relation to the prediction of 3 categories of institutional maladjustment: aggressive misconduct, nonaggressive misconduct, and any misconduct. PPI-II significantly predicted each criterion type, with effect sizes of moderate magnitude, whereas PPI-I was essentially unrelated to these outcome measures.
-
construct validity of the Psychopathic Personality inventory two factor model with offenders
Psychological Assessment, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher J Patrick, Scott O Lilienfeld, Norman G Poythress, John F Edens, Stephen D BenningAbstract:Much of the research on psychopathy has treated it as a unitary construct operationalized by total scores on one (or more) measures. More recent studies on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) suggest the existence of two distinct facets of psychopathy with unique external correlates. Here, the authors report reanalyses of two offender data sets that included scores on the PPI along with various theoretically relevant criterion variables. Consistent with hypotheses, the two PPI factors showed convergent and discriminant relations with criterion measures, many of which would otherwise have been obscured when relying on PPI total scores. These results highlight the importance of examining facets of psychopathy as well as total scores.
Henrik Larsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Psychopathic Personality traits in 5 year old twins the importance of genetic and shared environmental influences
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine Tuvblad, Henrik Andershed, Kostas A Fanti, Olivier F Colins, Henrik LarssonAbstract:There is limited research on the genetic and environmental bases of Psychopathic Personality traits in children. In this study, Psychopathic Personality traits were assessed in a total of 1189 5-year-old boys and girls drawn from the Preschool Twin Study in Sweden. Psychopathic Personality traits were assessed with the Child Problematic Traits Inventory, a teacher-report measure of Psychopathic Personality traits in children ranging from 3 to 12 years old. Univariate results showed that genetic influences accounted for 57, 25, and 74 % of the variance in the grandiose–deceitful, callous–unemotional, and impulsive–need for stimulation dimensions, while the shared environment accounted for 17, 48 and 9 % (n.s.) in grandiose–deceitful and callous–unemotional, impulsive–need for stimulation dimensions, respectively. No sex differences were found in the genetic and environmental variance components. The non-shared environment accounted for the remaining 26, 27 and 17 % of the variance, respectively. The three dimensions of Psychopathic Personality were moderately correlated (0.54–0.66) and these correlations were primarily mediated by genetic and shared environmental factors. In contrast to research conducted with adolescent and adult twins, we found that both genetic and shared environmental factors influenced Psychopathic Personality traits in early childhood. These findings indicate that etiological models of Psychopathic Personality traits would benefit by taking developmental stages and processes into consideration.
-
a longitudinal twin study of the direction of effects between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Mats Forsman, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Andershed, Henrik LarssonAbstract:Background: Antisocial behaviour may partly develop as a consequence of Psychopathic Personality. However, neither the direction of effects nor the aetiology of the association has previously been clarified. The aim in this study was to investigate the direction of effects between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour, and to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to this association. Method: Twins (n = 2,255) in the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development were prospectively followed from adolescence to adulthood. We used a longitudinal cross-lagged twin model to study the associations between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour. Results: Psychopathic Personality in mid-adolescence predicted antisocial behaviour in adulthood (p < .001), but not the other way around. However, bidirectional effects were found when a measure of persistent antisocial behaviour (from age 8–9 to age 16–17) was used. Psychopathic Personality predicted both rule-breaking behaviour (p < .001) and aggressive behaviour (p < .01). Genetic factors were of importance in mediating the longitudinal associations between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that genetically influenced Psychopathic Personality is a robust predictor of adult antisocial behaviour, but also that persistent antisocial behaviour has an impact on adult Psychopathic Personality via genetic effects. Keywords: Antisocial behaviour, Psychopathic Personality, longitudinal, twins.
-
a longitudinal twin study of the direction of effects between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Mats Forsman, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Andershed, Henrik LarssonAbstract:Background: Antisocial behaviour may partly develop as a consequence of Psychopathic Personality. However, neither the direction of effects nor the aetiology of the association has previously been clarified. The aim in this study was to investigate the direction of effects between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour, and to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to this association. Method: Twins (n = 2,255) in the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development were prospectively followed from adolescence to adulthood. We used a longitudinal cross-lagged twin model to study the associations between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour. Results: Psychopathic Personality in mid-adolescence predicted antisocial behaviour in adulthood (p < .001), but not the other way around. However, bidirectional effects were found when a measure of persistent antisocial behaviour (from age 8-9 to age 16-17) was used. Psychopathic Personality predicted both rule-breaking behaviour (p < .001) and aggressive behaviour (p < .01). Genetic factors were of importance in mediating the longitudinal associations between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behaviour. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that genetically influenced Psychopathic Personality is a robust predictor of adult antisocial behaviour, but also that persistent antisocial behaviour has an impact on adult Psychopathic Personality via genetic effects.
-
Genetic effects explain the stability of Psychopathic Personality from mid- to late adolescence
Journal of abnormal psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Mats Forsman, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Andershed, Henrik LarssonAbstract:This study examined the importance of genetic and environmental influence for the stability of Psychopathic Personality between mid- and late adolescence. The target sample consisted of all 1,480 male and female twin pairs born in Sweden between 1985 and 1986. Psychopathic Personality was measured with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI; H. Andershed, M. Kerr, M. Stattin, & S. Levander, 2002) when the participants were 16 and 19 years old. Results showed that the 3 Psychopathic Personality dimensions were stable at different levels of analysis and linked to a stable higher order general factor (i.e., Psychopathic Personality factor). Genetic factors contributed substantially to the stability of this general higher order factor, whereas environmental factors were of little importance. However, the authors also found specific genetic stability in the Callous/unemotional and Impulsive/irresponsible dimension. Thus, the model provides evidence for etiologic generality and etiologic specificity for the stability of Psychopathic Personality between mid- and late adolescence.
-
a common genetic factor explains the association between Psychopathic Personality and antisocial behavior
Psychological Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Henrik Larsson, Henrik Andershed, Catherine Tuvblad, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Martin Grann, Paul LichtensteinAbstract:Background. Both Psychopathic Personality traits and antisocial behavior are influenced by genetic as well as environmental factors. However, little is known about how genetic and environmental factors contribute to the associations between the Psychopathic Personality traits and antisocial behavior. Method. Data were drawn from a longitudinal population-based twin sample including all 1480 twin pairs born in Sweden between May 1985 and December 1986. The twins responded to mailed self-report questionnaires at two occasions: 1999 (twins 13-14 years old), and 2002 (twins 16-17 years old). Results. A common genetic factor loaded substantially on both Psychopathic Personality traits and antisocial behavior, whereas a common shared environmental factor loaded exclusively on antisocial behavior. Conclusions. The genetic overlap between Psychopathic Personality traits and antisocial behavior may reflect a genetic vulnerability to externalizing psychopathology. The finding of shared environmental influences only in antisocial behavior suggests an etiological distinction between Psychopathic Personality dimensions and antisocial behavior. Knowledge about temperamental correlates to antisocial behavior is important for identification of susceptibility genes, as well as for possible prevention through identification of at-risk children early in life.
Norman G Poythress - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development and validation of triarchic construct scales from the Psychopathic Personality inventory
Psychological Assessment, 2014Co-Authors: Jason R Hall, Scott O Lilienfeld, Christopher J Patrick, Laura E Drislane, Mario Morano, Norman G PoythressAbstract:The Triarchic model of psychopathy describes this complex condition in terms of distinct phenotypic components of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Brief self-report scales designed specifically to index these psychopathy facets have thus far demonstrated promising construct validity. The present study sought to develop and validate scales for assessing facets of the Triarchic model using items from a well-validated existing measure of psychopathy-the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI). A consensus-rating approach was used to identify PPI items relevant to each Triarchic facet, and the convergent and discriminant validity of the resulting PPI-based Triarchic scales were evaluated in relation to multiple criterion variables (i.e., other psychopathy inventories, antisocial Personality disorder features, Personality traits, psychosocial functioning) in offender and nonoffender samples. The PPI-based Triarchic scales showed good internal consistency and related to criterion variables in ways consistent with predictions based on the Triarchic model. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for conceptualization and assessment of psychopathy.
-
further evidence of the divergent correlates of the Psychopathic Personality inventory factors prediction of institutional misconduct among male prisoners
Psychological Assessment, 2008Co-Authors: John F Edens, Scott O Lilienfeld, Norman G Poythress, Christopher J Patrick, Amy TestAbstract:Recent evidence suggests that 2 largely orthogonal dimensions underpin the latent construct assessed by the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996): Fearless Dominance (PPI-I) and Impulsive Antisociality (PPI-II). Relatively few data exist on the correlates of these 2 dimensions in offender samples, however. The present study examines the criterion-related validity of these 2 dimensions among male prison inmates (N = 131) in relation to the prediction of 3 categories of institutional maladjustment: aggressive misconduct, nonaggressive misconduct, and any misconduct. PPI-II significantly predicted each criterion type, with effect sizes of moderate magnitude, whereas PPI-I was essentially unrelated to these outcome measures.
-
construct validity of the Psychopathic Personality inventory two factor model with offenders
Psychological Assessment, 2006Co-Authors: Christopher J Patrick, Scott O Lilienfeld, Norman G Poythress, John F Edens, Stephen D BenningAbstract:Much of the research on psychopathy has treated it as a unitary construct operationalized by total scores on one (or more) measures. More recent studies on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) suggest the existence of two distinct facets of psychopathy with unique external correlates. Here, the authors report reanalyses of two offender data sets that included scores on the PPI along with various theoretically relevant criterion variables. Consistent with hypotheses, the two PPI factors showed convergent and discriminant relations with criterion measures, many of which would otherwise have been obscured when relying on PPI total scores. These results highlight the importance of examining facets of psychopathy as well as total scores.
-
the relationship between Psychopathic Personality features and malingering symptoms of major mental illness
Law and Human Behavior, 2001Co-Authors: Norman G Poythress, John F Edens, Monica M WatkinsAbstract:This study examined the relationship between psychopathy and malingering in a subsample of male prison inmates (n = 55) participating in a larger study of the clinical utility of various assessment measures in correctional settings. Participants' capacity to feign major mental illness successfully was evaluated using standard cutoff scores for the detection of malingering on a variety of instruments, including the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS; G. P. Smith & G. O. Burger, 1997), the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; R. Rogers, R. M. Bagby, & S. E. Dickens, 1992), and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. Morey, 1991). Psychopathic traits were assessed via the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S.O. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996). Correlations between the malingering indices and the PPI were low (−.14 to .14) and not statistically significant. These findings fail to support the clinical intuition that individuals with higher levels of psychopathy are likely to be more adept at malingering.
-
further validation of the Psychopathic Personality inventory among offenders Personality and behavioral correlates
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: John F Edens, Norman G Poythress, Moninca M WatkinsAbstract:The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) is a relatively new self-report measure that has shown considerable promise as an index of Psychopathic traits in both nonoffender and offender samples. The present study examined the construct validity and predictive utility of the PPI by examining its association with theoretically relevant scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) among 60 male prison inmates, and its ability to predict institutional misbehavior in an expanded sample (n = 89). As expected, correlations with the PAI scales were highest for the Antisocial Features (ANT) and Aggression (AGG) scales (rs = .68 and .57, respectively). The PPI also predicted various forms of nonviolent and physically aggressive disciplinary infractions significantly better than chance (point biserial correlations ranging from .26 to .37).