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Arjan H. Schakel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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language difference and Regional Authority
Regional & Federal Studies, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah Shairrosenfield, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Sandra ChapmanosterkatzAbstract:This paper draws on research in geography, linguistics, and political science to explain the incidence of language regions and their effect on Regional Authority. It conjectures a chain of mechanis...
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Measuring and theorizing Regional governance
Territory Politics Governance, 2018Co-Authors: Kent Eaton, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Jean-paul Faguet, Imke Harbers, Sarah Shair-rosenfieldAbstract:This symposium Regional Authority and the Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance engages two recent books on Regional governance. The first sets out a measure of Regional Authority for 81 countries...
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The Rise of Regional Authority: A Comparative Study of 42 Democracies
2010Co-Authors: Liesbet Hooghe, Gary Marks, Arjan H. SchakelAbstract:1. Measuring Regional Authority 2. Operationalizing Regional Authority 3. Validation of the Regional Authority Index 4. An Era of Regionalization Appendix A: Profiles of Regional Reform in 42 Countries (1950-2006) Appendix B: Country and Regional Scores
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operationalizing Regional Authority a coding scheme for 42 countries 1950 2006
Regional & Federal Studies, 2008Co-Authors: Liesbet Hooghe, Gary Marks, Arjan H. SchakelAbstract:Abstract This article sets out a coding scheme for eight dimensions of Regional Authority across 42 developed countries for the period 1950–2006. The article explicates coding rules, discusses ambiguities of interpretation, and explains how particular regions are coded.
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Validation of the Regional Authority Index
2008Co-Authors: Arjan H. SchakelAbstract:This article validates the Regional Authority Index with seven widely used decentralization indices in the literature. A principal axis analysis reveals a common structure. The major source of disagreement between the Regional Authority Index and the other indices stems from the fact that the Regional Authority Index does not include local governance whereas most other indices do. Two other sources of disagreement concern the treatment of federal versus non-federal countries, and countries which have recently Regionalized and/or have asymmetrical regions, whereby the more fine-grained Regional Authority index captures greater variation. The second part discusses content validity of fiscal indicators.
Gary Marks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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language difference and Regional Authority
Regional & Federal Studies, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah Shairrosenfield, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Sandra ChapmanosterkatzAbstract:This paper draws on research in geography, linguistics, and political science to explain the incidence of language regions and their effect on Regional Authority. It conjectures a chain of mechanis...
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The RAI travels to Latin America: Measuring Regional Authority under regime change
Regional & Federal Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Sara Niedzwiecki, Liesbet Hooghe, Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Gary MarksAbstract:ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new dataset on Regional Authority in 27 Latin American and Caribbean countries for 1950–2010 based on the Regional Authority Index (RAI), which makes it possible to co...
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Measuring and theorizing Regional governance
Territory Politics Governance, 2018Co-Authors: Kent Eaton, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Jean-paul Faguet, Imke Harbers, Sarah Shair-rosenfieldAbstract:This symposium Regional Authority and the Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance engages two recent books on Regional governance. The first sets out a measure of Regional Authority for 81 countries...
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Regional Authority in indonesia malaysia the philippines south korea and thailand from 1950 to 2010
2012Co-Authors: Sarah Shairrosenfield, Liesbet Hooghe, Gary MarksAbstract:Democratization has often gone hand in hand with decentralization, but how do the two processes relate to each other? To answer such questions one needs fine-grained data on decentralization, and these have been hard to come by in South East Asia. This paper provides a careful estimation of the formal Authority of Regional governments in five Southeast Asian countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea and Thailand – on an annual basis from 1950 to 2010. We estimate nine dimensions of subnational Authority and find wide variation both across countries and across time. We detect a close temporal relationship between democratization and decentralization.
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Regional Authority in Latin America: An Analysis of 27 Countries (1950-2010)
2012Co-Authors: Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Gary Marks, Sara Niedzwiecki, Liesbet HoogheAbstract:This paper presents a new dataset on Regional Authority in 27 Latin American and Caribbean countries for 1950 to 2010 based on the Regional Authority Index (RAI). For the first time, levels of Regional Authority can be directly compared over time and across the region. We explain the conceptualization, operationalization, and coding of Regional Authority. Our study offers an assessment of Regional Authority under authoritarian rule and evaluates unwritten as well as written norms. We present substantive observations about the variation across countries and over time and discuss the implications and challenges of expanding the RAI to the Latin American and Caribbean context. We conclude by considering avenues for future research and opportunities for cross-national comparison.
Liesbet Hooghe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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language difference and Regional Authority
Regional & Federal Studies, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah Shairrosenfield, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Sandra ChapmanosterkatzAbstract:This paper draws on research in geography, linguistics, and political science to explain the incidence of language regions and their effect on Regional Authority. It conjectures a chain of mechanis...
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The RAI travels to Latin America: Measuring Regional Authority under regime change
Regional & Federal Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Sara Niedzwiecki, Liesbet Hooghe, Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Gary MarksAbstract:ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new dataset on Regional Authority in 27 Latin American and Caribbean countries for 1950–2010 based on the Regional Authority Index (RAI), which makes it possible to co...
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Measuring and theorizing Regional governance
Territory Politics Governance, 2018Co-Authors: Kent Eaton, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Jean-paul Faguet, Imke Harbers, Sarah Shair-rosenfieldAbstract:This symposium Regional Authority and the Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance engages two recent books on Regional governance. The first sets out a measure of Regional Authority for 81 countries...
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Regional Authority in indonesia malaysia the philippines south korea and thailand from 1950 to 2010
2012Co-Authors: Sarah Shairrosenfield, Liesbet Hooghe, Gary MarksAbstract:Democratization has often gone hand in hand with decentralization, but how do the two processes relate to each other? To answer such questions one needs fine-grained data on decentralization, and these have been hard to come by in South East Asia. This paper provides a careful estimation of the formal Authority of Regional governments in five Southeast Asian countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea and Thailand – on an annual basis from 1950 to 2010. We estimate nine dimensions of subnational Authority and find wide variation both across countries and across time. We detect a close temporal relationship between democratization and decentralization.
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Regional Authority in Latin America: An Analysis of 27 Countries (1950-2010)
2012Co-Authors: Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Gary Marks, Sara Niedzwiecki, Liesbet HoogheAbstract:This paper presents a new dataset on Regional Authority in 27 Latin American and Caribbean countries for 1950 to 2010 based on the Regional Authority Index (RAI). For the first time, levels of Regional Authority can be directly compared over time and across the region. We explain the conceptualization, operationalization, and coding of Regional Authority. Our study offers an assessment of Regional Authority under authoritarian rule and evaluates unwritten as well as written norms. We present substantive observations about the variation across countries and over time and discuss the implications and challenges of expanding the RAI to the Latin American and Caribbean context. We conclude by considering avenues for future research and opportunities for cross-national comparison.
Jiuping Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbon emissions quota allocation based equilibrium strategy toward carbon reduction and economic benefits in china s building materials industry
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Siwei Zhao, Jiuping XuAbstract:Abstract The rapid urbanization in China over the last decade has resulted in increased carbon emissions from the building materials industry. This paper seeks to reach a trade-off between economic benefits and carbon emissions in the building materials industry by integrating a carbon emissions quota allocation (CEQA) based equilibrium strategy under a carbon emissions trading (CET) mechanism that fully considers the stakeholder relationships between the Regional Authority and the building materials suppliers. An interactive solution approach with fuzzy random variables (FRVs) is designed to determine the trade-off between these decision makers. The methodology is then applied to a real world case to demonstrate its practicality and efficiency. Comprehensive discussions under different policy control scenarios and comparative analysis of two carbon reduction policies are conducted to assist policy makers. It was found that the proposed methodology encouraged building materials suppliers to adjust their production and carbon emissions quota purchase plans, further assisting Regional Authority to control the industry's emissions performance by providing a “win-win” solution for the Regional Authority and suppliers when making logical economic-environmental trade-off decisions.
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a tripartite equilibrium for carbon emission allowance allocation in the power supply industry
Energy Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Jiuping Xu, Xin YangAbstract:In the past decades, there has been a worldwide multilateral efforts to reduce carbon emissions. In particular, the “cap-and-trade” mechanism has been regarded as an effective way to control emissions. This is a market-based approach focused on the efficient allocation of initial emissions allowances. Based on the “grandfather” allocation method, this paper develops an alternative method derived from Boltzmann distribution to calculate the allowances. Further, with fully considering the relationship between the Regional Authority, power plants and grid company, a three-level multi-objective model for carbon emission allowance allocations in the power-supply industry is presented. To achieve tripartite equilibrium, the impacts on electricity output, carbon emissions and carbon intensity of the allocation method, allocation cap, and emission limits are assessed. The results showed that the greatest impact was seen in the emission limits rather than the allocation cap or allocation method. It also indicated that to effectively achieve reduction targets, it is necessary to allocate greater allowances to lower carbon intensity power plants. These results demonstrated the practicality and efficiency of the proposed model in seeking optimal allocation policies.
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administrative and market based allocation mechanism for Regional water resources planning
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaoyang Zhou, Yan Tu, Jun Gang, Merrill W Liechty, Jiuping XuAbstract:Abstract The aim of this paper is to present an administrative and market-based optimization method for solving a problem of Regional water resources allocation by considering a hierarchical structure under multiple uncertainties. To accomplish this, a multi-objective bi-level programming model is developed based on the water right distribution in a river basin. In this model, the stream flow ( i.e. , water supply) and water demand are considered as a fuzzy random variable and a random fuzzy variable, respectively. The Regional Authority, the leader in the hierarchy, seeks to maximize the total benefit to society while simultaneously minimizing pollution emissions. The sub-areas, the followers in the hierarchy, seek to maximize their own economic benefits. To deal with the inherent uncertainty, a transformation of variables into fuzzy variables is done, and through the expected value operation, the fuzzy variables are subsequently transformed into determined ones. For solving the complex non-linear bi-level programming model, a bi-level interactive method based on satisfactory solution with global–local–neighbor adaptive particle swarm optimization (GLN-aPSO) is designed as a combined solution method. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of this method. The interactive solutions associated with different minimal satisfactory degrees of the two objectives in the upper level have been generated. They can help the Regional Authority and the sub-areas to identify desired water allocation schemes according to their preferences and practical conditions, as well as facilitate in-depth analyses of tradeoffs between the objectives in the two levels. Finally, to verify that it is reasonable to use bi-level programming the results are compared with those of using single level programming.
Yan Tu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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administrative and market based allocation mechanism for Regional water resources planning
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaoyang Zhou, Yan Tu, Jun Gang, Merrill W Liechty, Jiuping XuAbstract:Abstract The aim of this paper is to present an administrative and market-based optimization method for solving a problem of Regional water resources allocation by considering a hierarchical structure under multiple uncertainties. To accomplish this, a multi-objective bi-level programming model is developed based on the water right distribution in a river basin. In this model, the stream flow ( i.e. , water supply) and water demand are considered as a fuzzy random variable and a random fuzzy variable, respectively. The Regional Authority, the leader in the hierarchy, seeks to maximize the total benefit to society while simultaneously minimizing pollution emissions. The sub-areas, the followers in the hierarchy, seek to maximize their own economic benefits. To deal with the inherent uncertainty, a transformation of variables into fuzzy variables is done, and through the expected value operation, the fuzzy variables are subsequently transformed into determined ones. For solving the complex non-linear bi-level programming model, a bi-level interactive method based on satisfactory solution with global–local–neighbor adaptive particle swarm optimization (GLN-aPSO) is designed as a combined solution method. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of this method. The interactive solutions associated with different minimal satisfactory degrees of the two objectives in the upper level have been generated. They can help the Regional Authority and the sub-areas to identify desired water allocation schemes according to their preferences and practical conditions, as well as facilitate in-depth analyses of tradeoffs between the objectives in the two levels. Finally, to verify that it is reasonable to use bi-level programming the results are compared with those of using single level programming.