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Josette Camilleri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biocompatibility and mineralized nodule formation of neo mta plus and an experimental tricalcium Silicate Cement containing tantalum oxide
International Endodontic Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Mario Tanomarufilho, Josette Camilleri, Aline Silva Andrade, E M Rodrigues, Kennia Scapin Viola, Gisele Faria, J M GuerreirotanomaruAbstract:Aim To evaluate the biocompatibility and mineralized nodule formation of an experimental tricalcium Silicate Cement with tantalum oxide (TSC/Ta2O5) as radiopacifier, Neo MTA Plus (Avalon Biomed Inc., Bradenton, FL, USA) and MTA (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) on human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2). Methodology Biocompatibility was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, after exposure of Saos-2 to Cement extracts at 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4 and 1 : 8 dilutions for 24 h. Bioactivity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposits were detected with alizarin red staining (ARS). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post-test (α = 0.05). Results The MTT assay revealed lower cytotoxicity for NEO and MTA (P 0.05). At 1 : 4 dilution, the TSC/Ta2O5 cytotoxicity was similar to the control (P > 0.05). At 1 : 8 dilution, cell viability was significantly greater than the control (P 0.05). TSC/Ta2O5 had significantly greater ALP activity at 7 days when compared with the control (P < 0.05). All materials induced the production of mineralized nodules, and NEO produced significantly more mineralized nodules than MTA and TSC/Ta2O5 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Neo MTA Plus and TSC/Ta2O5 were biocompatible and induced ALP activity in Saos-2 cells. Both materials induced mineralized nodule formation by Saos-2 with Neo MTA Plus producing significantly more.
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investigation of the hydration and bioactivity of radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement biodentine and mta angelus
Dental Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Josette Camilleri, Francois Sorrentino, Denis DamidotAbstract:Abstract Objective Novel root-end filling materials are composed of tricalcium Silicate (TCS) and radiopacifier as opposed to the traditional mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) which is made up of clinker derived from Portland Cement and bismuth oxide. The aim of this research was to characterize and investigate the hydration of a tricalcium Silicate-based proprietary brand Cement (Biodentine™) and a laboratory manufactured Cement made with a mixture of tricalcium Silicate and zirconium oxide (TCS-20-Z) and compare their properties to MTA Angelus™. Methods The materials investigated included a Cement containing 80% of TCS and 20% zirconium oxide (TCS-20-Z), Biodentine™ and MTA Angelus™. The specific surface area and the particle size distribution of the un-hydrated Cements and zirconium oxide were investigated using a gas adsorption method and scanning electron microscopy. Un-hydrated Cements and set materials were tested for mineralogy and microstructure, assessment of bioactivity and hydration. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction and calorimetry were employed. The radiopacity of the materials was investigated using ISO 6876 methods. Results The un-hydrated Cements were composed of tricalcium Silicate and a radiopacifier phase; zirconium oxide for both Biodentine™ and TCS-20-Z whereas bismuth oxide for MTA Angelus™. In addition Biodentine™ contained calcium carbonate particles and MTA Angelus™ exhibited the presence of dicalcium Silicate, tricalcium aluminate, calcium, aluminum and silicon oxides. TCS and MTA Angelus™ exhibited similar specific surface area while Biodentine™ had a greater specific surface area. The Cements hydrated and produced some hydrates located either as reaction rim around the tricalcium Silicate grain or in between the grains at the expense of volume containing the water initially present in the mixture. The rate of reaction of tricalcium calcium Silicate was higher for Biodentine™ than for TCS-20-Z owing to its optimized particle size distribution, the presence of CaCO 3 and the use of CaCl 2 . Tricalcium calcium Silicate in MTA hydrated even more slowly than TCS-20-Z as evident from the size of reaction rim representative of calcium Silicate hydrate (C-S-H) around tricalcium Silicate grains and the calorimetry measurements. On the other hand, calcium oxide contained in MTA Angelus™ hydrated very fast inducing an intense exothermic reaction. Calcium hydroxide was produced as a by-product of reaction in all hydrated Cements but in greater quantities in MTA due to the hydration of calcium oxide. This lead to less dense microstructure than the one observed for both Biodentine™ and TCS-20-Z. All the materials were bioactive and allowed the deposition of hydroxyapatite on the Cement surface in the presence of simulated body fluid and the radiopacity was greater than 3 mm aluminum thickness. Significance All the Cement pastes tested were composed mainly of tricalcium Silicate and a radiopacifier. The laboratory manufactured Cement contained no other additives. Biodentine™ included calcium carbonate which together with the additives in the mixing liquid resulted in a material with enhanced chemical properties relative to TCS-20-Z prototype Cement. On the other hand MTA Angelus™ displayed the presence of calcium, aluminum and silicon oxides in the un-hydrated powder. These phases are normally associated with the raw materials indicating that the clinker of MTA Angelus™ is incompletely sintered leading to a potential important variability in its mineralogy depending on the sintering conditions. As a consequence, the amount of tricalcium Silicate is less than in the two other Cements leading to a slower reaction rate and more porous microstructure.
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investigation of the physical properties of tricalcium Silicate Cement based root end filling materials
Dental Materials, 2013Co-Authors: L. Grech, Bertram Mallia, Josette CamilleriAbstract:Abstract Objective Tricalcium Silicate-based Cements have been displayed as suitable root-end filling materials. The physical properties of prototype radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Bioaggregate and Biodentine were investigated. Intermediate restorative material was used as a control. Methods The physical properties of a prototype zirconium oxide replaced tricalcium Silicate Cement and two proprietary Cements composed of tricalcium Silicate namely Bioaggregate and Biodentine were investigated. Intermediate restorative material (IRM) was used as a control. Radiopacity assessment was undertaken and expressed in thickness of aluminum. In addition the anti-washout resistance was investigated using a novel basket-drop method and the fluid uptake, sorption and solubility were investigated using a gravimetric method. The setting time was assessed using an indentation technique and compressive strength and micro-hardness of the test materials were investigated. All the testing was performed with the test materials immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution. Results All the materials tested had a radiopacity value higher than 3 mm thickness of aluminum. IRM exhibited the highest radiopacity. Biodentine demonstrated a high washout, low fluid uptake and sorption values, low setting time and superior mechanical properties. The fluid uptake and setting time was the highest for Bioaggregate. Significance The addition of admixtures to tricalcium Silicate-based Cements affects the physical properties of the materials.
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Characterization of set Intermediate Restorative Material, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and a prototype calcium Silicate Cement for use as root‐end filling materials
International endodontic journal, 2013Co-Authors: L. Grech, Bertram Mallia, Josette CamilleriAbstract:To investigate the composition of materials and leachate of a hydrated prototype Cement composed of tricalcium Silicate and radiopacifier and compare this to other tricalcium Silicate-based Cements (Biodentine and Bioaggregate) to assess whether the additives in the proprietary brand Cements affect the hydration of the materials, using Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), a standard root-end filling material as a control. The materials investigated included a prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). The pH and calcium ion concentration of the leachate were investigated. The hydrated Cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the Cements tested were alkaline. The tricalcium Silicate-based Cements leached calcium in solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate displayed hydrating Cement grains, surrounded by a matrix composed of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide. The presence of calcium hydroxide was evident from the XRD plots. FT-IR indicated the occurrence of a poorly crystalline calcium Silicate hydrate. Biodentine displayed the presence of calcium carbonate. Bioaggregate incorporated a phosphate-containing phase. IRM consisted of zinc oxide interspersed in an organic matrix. The hydration of prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate resulted in the formation of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide, which was leached in solution. The hydrated materials were composed of a Cementitous phase that was rich in calcium and silicon and a radiopacifying material. Biodentine included calcium carbonate, and Bioaggregate included silica and calcium phosphate in the powders. IRM was composed of zinc oxide interspersed in a matrix of organic material. © 2012 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Characterization of set Intermediate Restorative Material, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and a prototype calcium Silicate Cement for use as root-end filling materials
International Endodontic Journal, 2013Co-Authors: L. Grech, Bertram Mallia, Josette CamilleriAbstract:AIM: To investigate the composition of materials and leachate of a hydrated prototype Cement composed of tricalcium Silicate and radiopacifier and compare this to other tricalcium Silicate-based Cements (Biodentine and Bioaggregate) to assess whether the additives in the proprietary brand Cements affect the hydration of the materials, using Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), a standard root-end filling material as a control.\n\nMETHODOLOGY: The materials investigated included a prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). The pH and calcium ion concentration of the leachate were investigated. The hydrated Cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).\n\nRESULTS: All the Cements tested were alkaline. The tricalcium Silicate-based Cements leached calcium in solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate displayed hydrating Cement grains, surrounded by a matrix composed of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide. The presence of calcium hydroxide was evident from the XRD plots. FT-IR indicated the occurrence of a poorly crystalline calcium Silicate hydrate. Biodentine displayed the presence of calcium carbonate. Bioaggregate incorporated a phosphate-containing phase. IRM consisted of zinc oxide interspersed in an organic matrix.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The hydration of prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate resulted in the formation of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide, which was leached in solution. The hydrated materials were composed of a Cementitous phase that was rich in calcium and silicon and a radiopacifying material. Biodentine included calcium carbonate, and Bioaggregate included silica and calcium phosphate in the powders. IRM was composed of zinc oxide interspersed in a matrix of organic material.
Shinnjyh Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stem cell differentiation induced calcium Silicate Cement with bacteriostatic activity
Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015Co-Authors: Shu-ching Huang, Shinnjyh DingAbstract:Calcium-based bone Cements are widely used in dental and orthopaedic surgery. Those based on calcium phosphate (CPCs) or calcium Silicate (CSCs) have a number of favourable properties that encourage their clinical use in bone defect repair. The purpose of the present study was to compare the in vitro osteogenesis and bacteriostatic activity of BoneSource CPCs with home-made CSCs, particularly in regard to their facility for cell differentiation. Cement in vitro osteogenic activity was evaluated by incubating the Cement specimens with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The bacteriostatic activity of the two Cements against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa) bacterial strains was assessed using a bacteriostasis ratio assay and by inhibition zone examination. Compared with CPC, CSC was shown to promote greater proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), and the formation of mineralization nodules of hMSCs. It is worth noting that CSC could effectively induce hMSC differentiation, even when the culture medium did not contain osteogenetic differentiation agents. Compared with CPC, CSC also showed significantly greater bacteriostatic activity, as revealed by inhibition zones and the bacteriostasis ratio. Our findings suggest that CSC is a useful bioactive material for bone repair in terms of inducing cell differentiation, and may be considered an alternative to CPCs.
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Comparative Osteogenesis of Radiopaque Dicalcium Silicate Cement and White-Colored Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in a Rabbit Femur Model
Materials (Basel Switzerland), 2013Co-Authors: Shu-ching Huang, Shinnjyh DingAbstract:The radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement (RDSC) displayed a shortened setting time and good biocompatibility. This study aimed to compare the regenerative potential of RDSC and white-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) using a rabbit femur model. The animals were sacrificed at one, three and six months to accomplish histological and biochemical analyses. The results indicated that after one month of implantation, WMTA was associated with a greyish color alteration within its mass, while RDSC presented color stability even at six months. Histological assay with Masson's Trichrome and Von Kossa stains showed the presence of newly formed bone surrounding the implanted sites in the rabbit femur. The histochemical data revealed that the RDSC group had significantly more bone regeneration than did the WMTA groups at three and six months. The conclusion drawn is that the encouraging results support the potential applications of RDSC as an improved alternative to WMTA for endodontic uses.
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physicochemical properties of radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement as a root end filling material in an acidic environment
International Endodontic Journal, 2013Co-Authors: T Y Chiang, Shinnjyh DingAbstract:Aim To investigate the effect of two solutions differing by pH (7.4 and 4.0) on the physicochemical properties of a radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement. Methodology The Cement was prepared by hand-mixing the dicalcium Silicate powder with distilled water in a liquid-to-powder ratio of 0.4 mL g−1. A total of 253 Cement specimens with dimension of 6 mm (diameter) × 3 mm (height) were used. The morphology, weight loss, porosity and diametral tensile strength of the Cement were evaluated after soaking in a solution for different time intervals, in addition to pH changes in the Cement-immersed solutions. Results After soaking in a pH 7.4 solution for 1 day, the particle size of precipitated apatite spherulites on the Cement surfaces was greater than that obtained in a pH 4.0 solution. Solution pH did not result in a significant difference (P > 0.05) in diametral tensile strength of Cement specimens at the same soaking time-point. On day 30, the sample was associated with a weight loss of 0.8% in a pH 4.0 solution, whereas in a pH 7.4 solution, a weight increase of 0.2% occurred. A greater porosity of the Cement soaked in a pH 4.0 was found compared with that in the solution with pH 7.4. Soaking time affected significantly (P < 0.05) the porosity, weight change and strength of the Cements in an acidic environment more than at pH 7.4. Conclusions High apatite–forming activity and low degradation were the characteristics of a radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement.
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Physicochemical properties of radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement as a root-end filling material in an acidic environment.
International Endodontic Journal, 2012Co-Authors: T Y Chiang, Shinnjyh DingAbstract:Aim To investigate the effect of two solutions differing by pH (7.4 and 4.0) on the physicochemical properties of a radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement. Methodology The Cement was prepared by hand-mixing the dicalcium Silicate powder with distilled water in a liquid-to-powder ratio of 0.4 mL g−1. A total of 253 Cement specimens with dimension of 6 mm (diameter) × 3 mm (height) were used. The morphology, weight loss, porosity and diametral tensile strength of the Cement were evaluated after soaking in a solution for different time intervals, in addition to pH changes in the Cement-immersed solutions. Results After soaking in a pH 7.4 solution for 1 day, the particle size of precipitated apatite spherulites on the Cement surfaces was greater than that obtained in a pH 4.0 solution. Solution pH did not result in a significant difference (P > 0.05) in diametral tensile strength of Cement specimens at the same soaking time-point. On day 30, the sample was associated with a weight loss of 0.8% in a pH 4.0 solution, whereas in a pH 7.4 solution, a weight increase of 0.2% occurred. A greater porosity of the Cement soaked in a pH 4.0 was found compared with that in the solution with pH 7.4. Soaking time affected significantly (P
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Human dental pulp cell responses to new calcium Silicate‐based endodontic materials
International endodontic journal, 2011Co-Authors: Chih-lin Chen, M Y Shie, Shinnjyh DingAbstract:Chen CC, Shie MY, Ding SJ. Human dental pulp cell responses to new calcium Silicate-based endodontic materials. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 836–842, 2011. Abstract Aim To evaluate human dental pulp cell responses to radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement and white-coloured mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). Methodology Flow cytometry was employed to quantify the phase percentage of pulp cell cycle. Alamar Blue was used for real-time and repeated monitoring of cell proliferation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression in pulp cells cultured on the Cements. Results The cells cultured on the radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement had similar S and G2 phases in the cell cycle and proliferation to WMTA at all culture times. In addition, the two materials presented the same evolution with similar values in interleukin-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein gene expression at all culture times. Conclusions The dental pulp cell responses to radiopaque dicalcium Silicate Cement were similar to those reported for WMTA in terms of cell cycle, proliferation, immunocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation.
Bertram Mallia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of the physical properties of tricalcium Silicate Cement based root end filling materials
Dental Materials, 2013Co-Authors: L. Grech, Bertram Mallia, Josette CamilleriAbstract:Abstract Objective Tricalcium Silicate-based Cements have been displayed as suitable root-end filling materials. The physical properties of prototype radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Bioaggregate and Biodentine were investigated. Intermediate restorative material was used as a control. Methods The physical properties of a prototype zirconium oxide replaced tricalcium Silicate Cement and two proprietary Cements composed of tricalcium Silicate namely Bioaggregate and Biodentine were investigated. Intermediate restorative material (IRM) was used as a control. Radiopacity assessment was undertaken and expressed in thickness of aluminum. In addition the anti-washout resistance was investigated using a novel basket-drop method and the fluid uptake, sorption and solubility were investigated using a gravimetric method. The setting time was assessed using an indentation technique and compressive strength and micro-hardness of the test materials were investigated. All the testing was performed with the test materials immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution. Results All the materials tested had a radiopacity value higher than 3 mm thickness of aluminum. IRM exhibited the highest radiopacity. Biodentine demonstrated a high washout, low fluid uptake and sorption values, low setting time and superior mechanical properties. The fluid uptake and setting time was the highest for Bioaggregate. Significance The addition of admixtures to tricalcium Silicate-based Cements affects the physical properties of the materials.
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Characterization of set Intermediate Restorative Material, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and a prototype calcium Silicate Cement for use as root‐end filling materials
International endodontic journal, 2013Co-Authors: L. Grech, Bertram Mallia, Josette CamilleriAbstract:To investigate the composition of materials and leachate of a hydrated prototype Cement composed of tricalcium Silicate and radiopacifier and compare this to other tricalcium Silicate-based Cements (Biodentine and Bioaggregate) to assess whether the additives in the proprietary brand Cements affect the hydration of the materials, using Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), a standard root-end filling material as a control. The materials investigated included a prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). The pH and calcium ion concentration of the leachate were investigated. The hydrated Cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the Cements tested were alkaline. The tricalcium Silicate-based Cements leached calcium in solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate displayed hydrating Cement grains, surrounded by a matrix composed of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide. The presence of calcium hydroxide was evident from the XRD plots. FT-IR indicated the occurrence of a poorly crystalline calcium Silicate hydrate. Biodentine displayed the presence of calcium carbonate. Bioaggregate incorporated a phosphate-containing phase. IRM consisted of zinc oxide interspersed in an organic matrix. The hydration of prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate resulted in the formation of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide, which was leached in solution. The hydrated materials were composed of a Cementitous phase that was rich in calcium and silicon and a radiopacifying material. Biodentine included calcium carbonate, and Bioaggregate included silica and calcium phosphate in the powders. IRM was composed of zinc oxide interspersed in a matrix of organic material. © 2012 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Characterization of set Intermediate Restorative Material, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and a prototype calcium Silicate Cement for use as root-end filling materials
International Endodontic Journal, 2013Co-Authors: L. Grech, Bertram Mallia, Josette CamilleriAbstract:AIM: To investigate the composition of materials and leachate of a hydrated prototype Cement composed of tricalcium Silicate and radiopacifier and compare this to other tricalcium Silicate-based Cements (Biodentine and Bioaggregate) to assess whether the additives in the proprietary brand Cements affect the hydration of the materials, using Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), a standard root-end filling material as a control.\n\nMETHODOLOGY: The materials investigated included a prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). The pH and calcium ion concentration of the leachate were investigated. The hydrated Cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).\n\nRESULTS: All the Cements tested were alkaline. The tricalcium Silicate-based Cements leached calcium in solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate displayed hydrating Cement grains, surrounded by a matrix composed of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide. The presence of calcium hydroxide was evident from the XRD plots. FT-IR indicated the occurrence of a poorly crystalline calcium Silicate hydrate. Biodentine displayed the presence of calcium carbonate. Bioaggregate incorporated a phosphate-containing phase. IRM consisted of zinc oxide interspersed in an organic matrix.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The hydration of prototype-radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate resulted in the formation of calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide, which was leached in solution. The hydrated materials were composed of a Cementitous phase that was rich in calcium and silicon and a radiopacifying material. Biodentine included calcium carbonate, and Bioaggregate included silica and calcium phosphate in the powders. IRM was composed of zinc oxide interspersed in a matrix of organic material.
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Investigation of the physical properties of tricalcium Silicate Cement-based root-end filling materials
Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials, 2012Co-Authors: L. Grech, Bertram Mallia, Josette CamilleriAbstract:Tricalcium Silicate-based Cements have been displayed as suitable root-end filling materials. The physical properties of prototype radiopacified tricalcium Silicate Cement, Bioaggregate and Biodentine were investigated. Intermediate restorative material was used as a control. The physical properties of a prototype zirconium oxide replaced tricalcium Silicate Cement and two proprietary Cements composed of tricalcium Silicate namely Bioaggregate and Biodentine were investigated. Intermediate restorative material (IRM) was used as a control. Radiopacity assessment was undertaken and expressed in thickness of aluminum. In addition the anti-washout resistance was investigated using a novel basket-drop method and the fluid uptake, sorption and solubility were investigated using a gravimetric method. The setting time was assessed using an indentation technique and compressive strength and micro-hardness of the test materials were investigated. All the testing was performed with the test materials immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution. All the materials tested had a radiopacity value higher than 3mm thickness of aluminum. IRM exhibited the highest radiopacity. Biodentine demonstrated a high washout, low fluid uptake and sorption values, low setting time and superior mechanical properties. The fluid uptake and setting time was the highest for Bioaggregate. The addition of admixtures to tricalcium Silicate-based Cements affects the physical properties of the materials. Copyright © 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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the microstructure and surface morphology of radiopaque tricalcium Silicate Cement exposed to different curing conditions
Dental Materials, 2012Co-Authors: L.m. Formosa, Bertram Mallia, T. Bull, Josette CamilleriAbstract:Abstract Objective Tricalcium Silicate is the major constituent phase in mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). It is thus postulated that pure tricalcium Silicate can replace the Portland Cement component of MTA. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microstructure and surface characteristics of radiopaque tricalcium Silicate Cement exposed to different curing conditions namely at 100% humidity or immersed in either water or a simulated body fluid at 37 °C. Methods The materials under study included tricalcium Silicate and Portland Cements with and without the addition of bismuth oxide radiopacifier. Material characterization was performed on hydrated Cements using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray energy dispersive (EDX) analyses and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Surface morphology was further investigated using optical profilometry. Testing was performed on Cements cured at 100% humidity or immersed in either water or Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 1 and 28 days at 37 °C. In addition leachate analysis was performed by X-ray fluorescence of the storage solution. The pH of the storage solution was assessed. Results All the Cements produced calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide on hydration. Tricalcium Silicate showed a higher reaction rate than Portland Cement and addition of bismuth oxide seemed to also increase the rate of reaction with more calcium Silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide being produced as demonstrated by SEM and XRD analysis and also by surface deposits viewed by the optical profilometer. Cement immersion in HBSS resulted in the deposition of calcium phosphate during the early stages following immersion and extensive calcification after 28 days. The pH of all storage solutions was alkaline. The immersion in distilled water resulted in a higher pH of the solution than when the Cements were immersed in HBSS. Leachate analysis demonstrated high calcium levels in all Cements tested with higher levels in tricalcium Silicate and bismuth replaced Cements. Significance Tricalcium Silicate Cement is more bioactive than Portland Cement as demonstrated by various characterization techniques. The bioactivity was monitored by measuring the production of calcium hydroxide and the formation of calcium phosphate when in contact with simulated body fluids.
Till Dammaschke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical evaluation of direct pulp capping using a calcium Silicate Cement—treatment outcomes over an average period of 2.3 years
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2019Co-Authors: Carolin Sabine Harms, Edgar Schäfer, Till DammaschkeAbstract:ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the treatment outcomes of direct pulp capping with a calcium Silicate Cement (Biodentine) after caries excavation.Materials and methodsA total of 245 teeth of 226 patients diagnosed to be clinical healthy or showing spontaneous pain were directly capped. The teeth were examined 0.19 to 7.4 (mean 2.3 ± 2.04) years after treatment. The following data were recorded: age and sex of the patient, type of tooth and restoration (glass ionomer Cement [GIC], amalgam, composite resin, ceramic, gold) and symptoms before or after treatment. The evaluation of the treatment was carried out by sensibility and percussion testing and by the patient’s questioning. A positive sensibility test, a negative percussion test, the absence of swelling and discomfort were considered as treatment success. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, respectively.ResultsAfter an average period of 2.3 years, 86.0% of the teeth remained vital; the survival rate after 7.4 years was 83.4%. The treatment outcome was significantly worse for cavities restored with GIC compared to all other restorative materials (p 0.05).ConclusionExposed pulps of asymptomatic vital permanent teeth and teeth with spontaneous pain before treatment can be successfully capped directly using Biodentine. A subsequent restoration with GIC does not appear to be suitable as it significantly reduces the success of the treatment.Clinical relevanceDirect pulp capping can be done successfully with this type of calcium Silicate Cement.
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Clinical evaluation of direct pulp capping using a calcium Silicate Cement-treatment outcomes over an average period of 2.3 years.
Clinical oral investigations, 2018Co-Authors: Carolin Sabine Harms, Edgar Schäfer, Till DammaschkeAbstract:This study aims to assess the treatment outcomes of direct pulp capping with a calcium Silicate Cement (Biodentine) after caries excavation. A total of 245 teeth of 226 patients diagnosed to be clinical healthy or showing spontaneous pain were directly capped. The teeth were examined 0.19 to 7.4 (mean 2.3 ± 2.04) years after treatment. The following data were recorded: age and sex of the patient, type of tooth and restoration (glass ionomer Cement [GIC], amalgam, composite resin, ceramic, gold) and symptoms before or after treatment. The evaluation of the treatment was carried out by sensibility and percussion testing and by the patient’s questioning. A positive sensibility test, a negative percussion test, the absence of swelling and discomfort were considered as treatment success. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, respectively. After an average period of 2.3 years, 86.0% of the teeth remained vital; the survival rate after 7.4 years was 83.4%. The treatment outcome was significantly worse for cavities restored with GIC compared to all other restorative materials (p 0.05). Exposed pulps of asymptomatic vital permanent teeth and teeth with spontaneous pain before treatment can be successfully capped directly using Biodentine. A subsequent restoration with GIC does not appear to be suitable as it significantly reduces the success of the treatment. Direct pulp capping can be done successfully with this type of calcium Silicate Cement.
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New treatment option for an incomplete vertical root fracture–a preliminary case report
Head & Face Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Paul Henryk Hadrossek, Till DammaschkeAbstract:Instead of extraction this case report presents an alternative treatment option for a maxillary incisor with a vertical root fracture (VRF) causing pain in a 78-year-old patient. After retreatment of the existing root canal filling the tooth was stabilized with a dentine adhesive and a composite restoration. Then the tooth was extracted, the VRF gap enlarged with a small diamond bur and the existing retrograde root canal filling removed. The enlarged fracture line and the retrograde preparation were filled with a calcium-Silicate-Cement (Biodentine). Afterwards the tooth was replanted and a titanium trauma splint was applied for 12d. A 24 months clinical and radiological follow-up showed an asymptomatic tooth, reduction of the periodontal probing depths from 7 mm prior to treatment to 3 mm and gingival reattachment in the area of the fracture with no sign of ankylosis. Hence, the treatment of VRF with Biodentine seems to be a possible and promising option.
Bart Van Meerbeek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preclinical effectiveness of an experimental tricalcium Silicate Cement on pulpal repair
Materials science & engineering. C Materials for biological applications, 2020Co-Authors: Mariano Simón Pedano, Esther Hauben, Kirsten Van Landuyt, Zheyi Sun, Charlotte Jeanneau, Imad About, Zhi Chen, Bart Van MeerbeekAbstract:Abstract Objectives To investigate the pulpal repair potential of an experimental zirconium-oxide containing tricalcium-Silicate Cement, referred to as ‘TCS 50’. Materials and methods The effect of TCS 50 on viability, proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) was assessed using XTT assay, in-vitro wound healing assay and RT-PCR, respectively. Additionally, the pulp-capping potential was evaluated using a vital human tooth model. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc test (Mann-Whitney U test). The tests were performed at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results The effect of TCS 50 towards HDPCs was dose dependent. Undiluted TCS 50 extract showed no immediate adverse impact on cell viability (p > .05); however, it significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of HDPCs (p .05), and it significantly enhanced odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs (p Conclusion TCS 50 is capable of generating an early pulp-healing reaction and therefore could serve as a promising pulp-capping agent.
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Injectable phosphopullulan-functionalized calcium-Silicate Cement for pulp-tissue engineering: An in-vivo and ex-vivo study.
Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials, 2020Co-Authors: Mariano Simón Pedano, Bernardo Camargo, Esther Hauben, Stéphanie De Vleeschauwer, Kumiko Yoshihara, Kirsten Van Landuyt, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Bart Van MeerbeekAbstract:Abstract Objective To evaluate, by means of an ex-vivo human tooth-culture model and in-vivo minipig animal study, the pulpal inflammatory reaction and reparative dentin-formation capacity of an injectable phosphopullulan-based calcium-Silicate Cement (GC, Tokyo, Japan) upon pulp capping, this in comparison with the commercial reference material Biodentine (Septodont). Methods For the ex-vivo tooth model, 9 freshly-extracted teeth from 3 different patients were pulp-capped with the experimental biomaterial (n = 3), Biodentine (n = 3) or left uncapped (control; n = 3). The teeth were kept in fresh culture medium for 4 weeks and, upon fixation three-dimensional Micro-CT and histology were performed. For the in-vivo animal study, 40 teeth from 3 minipigs were exposed and pulp capped with the experimental biomaterial containing phosphopullulan (n = 24) or Biodentine (n = 16) for 7 or 70 days. The inflammatory reaction and the tissue-regenerative potential was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively characterized using three-dimensional micro-CT and histology. Results Ex vivo, the treatment with the experimental phosphopullulan-based calcium-Silicate Cement and Biodentine stimulated the formation of fibrous tissue and mineralized foci. In vivo, early inflammatory reaction and regeneration of the pulp-tissue interface was promoted by both bioceramic materials after 7 and 70 days, respectively. Significance Our findings bring new insights into calcium-Silicate-mediated dental pulp repair and regeneration. The novel ready-to-use and self-adhering functionalized calcium-Silicate Cement revealed effective pulpal repair potential.
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Experimental tricalcium Silicate Cement induces reparative dentinogenesis.
Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Mariano Simón Pedano, Bernardo Camargo, Esther Hauben, Stéphanie De Vleeschauwer, Kirsten Van Landuyt, Zhi Chen, Jan De Munck, Katleen Vandamme, Bart Van MeerbeekAbstract:Abstract Objectives To overcome shortcomings of hydraulic calcium-Silicate Cements (hCSCs), an experimental tricalcium Silicate (TCS) Cement, named ‘TCS 50’, was developed. In vitro research showed that TCS 50 played no negative effect on the viability and proliferation of human dental pulp cells, and it induced cell odontogenic differentiation. The objective was to evaluate the pulpal repair potential of TCS 50 applied onto exposed minipig pulps. Methods Twenty permanent teeth from three minipigs were mechanically exposed and capped using TCS 50; half of the teeth were scheduled for 7-day and the other half for 70-day examination (n = 10). Commercial hCSCs ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC were tested as references (n = 8). Tooth discoloration was examined visually. After animal sacrifice, the teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography; inflammatory response at day 7 and day 70, mineralized tissue formation at day 70 were assessed histologically. Results Up to 70 days, TCS 50 induced no discoloration, ProRoot MTA generated gray/black discoloration in all teeth. For TCS 50, 40.0% pulps exhibited a mild/moderate inflammation at day 7. No inflammation was detected and complete reparative dentin with tubular structures was formed in all pulps after 70 days. ProRoot MTA induced a similar response, TheraCal LC generated a less favorable response in terms of initial inflammation and reparative dentin formation; however, these differences were not significant (Chi-square test of independence: p > 0.05). Significance TCS 50 induced reparative dentinogenesis in minipig pulps. It can be considered as a promising pulp-capping agent, also for aesthetic areas.
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modified tricalcium Silicate Cement formulations with added zirconium oxide
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2017Co-Authors: Kumiko Yoshihara, Mariano Simón Pedano, Kirsten Van Landuyt, Zhi Chen, Jan De Munck, Stevan M Cokic, Pong Pongprueksa, Eveline Putzeys, Bart Van MeerbeekAbstract:Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of modifying tricalcium Silicate (TCS) Cements on three key properties by adding ZrO2.
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Correlative micro-Raman/EPMA analysis of the hydraulic calcium Silicate Cement interface with dentin
Clinical oral investigations, 2015Co-Authors: Pong Pongprueksa, Mariano Simón Pedano, Kirsten Van Landuyt, Bart Van Meerbeek, Zhi Chen, Jan De MunckAbstract:This study aims to characterize the chemical interplay of hydraulic calcium Silicate Cements at dentin. Class I cavities were prepared in non-carious human third molars and filled with Biodentine (Septodont) or ProRoot MTA (Dentsply). After 1-day, 1-week, and 1-month Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) storage, the specimens were cross-sectioned perpendicular to the Cement-dentin interface. The interfaces were evaluated using micro-Raman (μRaman) spectroscopy and at a higher spatial resolution using field emission gun electron probe microanalysis (Feg-SEM/EPMA). μRaman spectroscopy revealed the formation of a transition zone at the interface of both Biodentine (Septodont) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply) with dentin, having an average thickness of, respectively, 7.5 ± 4.2 and 6.2 ± 5.4 μm, which however was not statistically different. No difference in interfacial ultrastructure and chemistry was found using μRaman spectroscopy between 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month DPBS-stored specimens. The observation of a transition zone at the Cement-dentin interfaces contrasts with the EPMA data that revealed a sharper transition from Cement to dentin. Again, no difference in interfacial ultrastructure and chemistry was found for different storage periods, with the exception of one 1 month DPBS-stored specimen prepared using Biodentine (Septodont). More specifically, EPMA revealed a gap of about 10-μm wide in the latter specimen that was filled up with newly formed calcium phosphate depositions. Up to 1 month, the interaction of hydraulic calcium Silicate Cements investigated did not reveal ultrastructural or chemical changes at unaffected dentin with the exception of a calcium phosphate gap-filling property. Hydraulic calcium Silicate Cements were found to fill gaps by calcium phosphate deposition, however, without conducting chemical changes to the adjacent dentin.