The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sang Woong Youn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sebum Secretion, Skin Type, and pH
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea, 2020Co-Authors: Sang Woong YounAbstract:Increased facial sebum secretion is a common finding during the period when acne commonly develops. Patients with acne frequently think that facial sebum is the cause of their disease and want to lower or remove it completely. Sebum is always listed as one of the important factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne. Quantitative measurement of sebum has only recently become possible; currently, we have limited information on the secretion of sebum itself. The cosmetic Skin Type is another common method of assessing facial sebum secretion and the Skin surface pH (SSPH) is partially affected by facial sebum secretion. In this chapter, sebum secretion, facial Skin Type, and SSPH will be reviewed with regard to their prognostic significance for acne.
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Subjective facial Skin Type, based on the sebum related symptoms, can reflect the objective casual sebum level in acne patients
Skin Research and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: C. W. Choi, Jae Woo Choi, Sang Woong YounAbstract:Background The relationship between the subjective Skin Type and the casual sebum level was not fully clarified. Objectives To investigate the characteristics of subjective Skin Type and to find the relationship between the subjective Skin Types and the Skin Type-related symptoms, casual sebum level, along with the objective Skin Type. Methods Seven hundred and nine patients, clinically diagnosed with acne, were included. The questionnaire and the casual sebum level measurement were performed. The determining symptoms of each subjective Skin Type were investigated. The 95% confidence interval of casual sebum level of each subjective Skin Type was calculated. Results The most frequent subjective Skin Type was the combination Type. The dryness, tightness, and oiliness can be conclusive symptoms in determining the subjective Skin Type. The mean and the 95% confidence interval of the casual sebum level was highest in the oily Skin Type, followed by the combination, normal, and dry Skin Type. Conclusion We found that the subjective Skin Type was determined by the Skin Type-related symptoms. The 95% confidence intervals of the casual sebum level of each subjective Skin Type were established. Based on the Skin Type-related symptoms, the casual sebum level of acne patients can be estimated.
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Comparison of sebum secretion, Skin Type, pH in humans with and without acne
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2006Co-Authors: Sunyoung Choi, Kyoung Chan Park, Hee-jin Byun, Rajul A. Patel, Annie H. Shinn, Sang Woong YounAbstract:Differences of Skin Type and pH between subjects with and without acne have not been investi- gated. In addition, the relationship between sebum secretion and pH in these populations has not been determined. This study assessed the differences in objective and subjective Skin Types between these two groups. Secondly, this study evaluated the difference in pH on five facial areas (forehead, nose, chin, right and left cheek) between the two populations. Lastly, the relationship between pH and sebum secretion was analyzed in each population. Sebum casual levels (CL) of the five facial areas in 36 Koreans with acne and 47 Koreans without acne were measured by using a Se- bumeter SM 815 � and subjects were classified into objective Skin Types by CL. Subjects reported the Type of Skin they believed they had, which determined the subjective Skin Type. The pH levels of the five facial areas were measured by the Skin-pH-Meter PH 905 � . Data was assessed with adequate statistical tests depending on data Type and distribution. Among the five areas, the nose of the subjects with acne showed a significantly higher CL, compared to the subjects without acne. This difference in CL on the nose re- sulted in the difference in CL on the T-zone and mean facial sebum excretions (MFSE). Although CL dif- fered, objective Skin Types did not differ between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the subjective Skin Types differed significantly (P = 0.001). In addition, the objective Skin Types were significantly different than the subjective Skin Types in subjects with acne (P = 0.001), whereas the two Skin Types did not differ in subjects without acne. Subjects with acne actually overestimated their Skin Types and stated their Skin Types were ''oilier'' than they were. In respect to pH, none of the five areas differed significantly between the two groups. Among the five sites in subjects with acne, CL showed a significant negative correlation with pH on the left (r 2 = 0.12) and right (r 2 = 0.15) cheeks, which resulted in a significant negative correlation on the U-zone (r 2 = 0.14). In contrast, in subjects without acne, there was a significant negative correlation be- tween CL and pH on the forehead (r 2 = 0.10) and chin (r 2 = 0.16), which led to a significant negative correla- tion on the T-zone (r 2 = 0.14).
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regional and seasonal variations in facial sebum secretions a proposal for the definition of combination Skin Type
Skin Research and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Sang Woong Youn, Jungim Na, Sunyoung Choi, Kyoung Chan ParkAbstract:Background/aims: Facial sebum secretions are known to change under various circumstances. Facial Skin Types have been categorized as oily, normal, dry, and combination Types. However, these have been evaluated subjectively by individuals to date, and no objective accepted standard measurement method exists. The combination Skin Type is most common, but its definition is vaguer than the definitions of the other Skin Types. Methods: We measured facial sebum secretions with Sebumeter s . Sebum secretions were measured at five sites of the face seasonally for a year, in the same volunteers. Using the data obtained we developed a set of rules to define the combination Skin Type. Results: Regional differences in sebum secretion were confirmed. Sebum secretions on forehead, nose, and chin were higher than on both cheeks. Summer was found to be the highest sebum-secreting season, and seasonal variations were found in the T- and U-zones. A mismatch of Skin Type in the T- and U-zones in more than two seasons appears to be close to subjective ratings of what is described as the ‘combination’ Skin Type. Conclusion: We showed that the face shows definitive regional and seasonal variations in sebum secretion. To define the combination Skin Type, seasonal variations in sebum secretion should be considered in addition to regional variations.
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Evaluation of facial Skin Type by sebum secretion: Discrepancies between subjective descriptions and sebum secretion
Skin Research and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Sang Woong Youn, In A Hwang, Kyoung Chan ParkAbstract:Background/aims: Facial Skin is usually classified as dry, normal, and oily in the cosmetics field. However, there is no standard objective method for classifying facial Skin. Methods: We measured sebum excretion with Sebumeter® at four sites on the face. Based on the amount of sebum secretion, we reclassified Skin Type according to the guidelines provided by the manufacturer. The mean of sebum excretion (mean facial sebum excretion; MFSE) was also calculated. Results: People secrete varying amounts of sebum at different Skin sites. Reclassification of Skin Type based on sebum secretion revealed that most participants underestimated the amount of facial sebum excretion. When sebum secretion amounts were compared, a statistically significant difference was apparent between the oily and dry Skin Types. However, there were no statistical differences between oily and normal, and normal and dry Skin. Conclusion: We showed that subjective Skin Type does not match the amount of sebum secreted. Thus, this simple and subjective classification is of very limited use and it should be re-evaluated by using an objective and standardized measuring tool.
Hans Christian Wulf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Minimal erythema dose and minimal melanogenesis dose relate better to objectively measured Skin Type than to Fitzpatricks Skin Type
Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 2010Co-Authors: Hans Christian Wulf, Peter A. Philipsen, Mette H. RavnbakAbstract:Background: Fitzpatrick Skin Type (FST I–IV) is a subjective expression of ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity based on erythema and tanning reactivity after a single exposure. Pigment protection factor (PPF) is an objective measurement of Skin sensitivity in all Skin Types after a single exposure. Methods: The aim was to compare FST and PPF with clinically determined minimal erythema dose (MED) and minimal melanogenesis dose (MMD) in 84 persons with Skin Types I–V both after single and multiple exposures (one, four, five, six, or 12) to buttock and back Skin. Results: FST was better correlated to MED than to MMD, and FST correlated better to constitutive than to facultative pigmented areas after multiple exposures rather than to a single exposure. PPF was generally much better correlated to MED and MMD than FST especially after a single exposure and multiple exposures with steady-state pigmentation. Multiple regression analyses showed that MED was the only significant, or most important determinator, of both FST and PPF. The correlation coefficient was highly significant for PPF (r2=82). Conclusions: PPF is a better predictor of the individual UV sensitivity (linear relation) than FST (only 4 grades) and PPF can substitute FST.
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epidermal thickness at different body sites relationship to age gender pigmentation blood content Skin Type and smoking habits
Acta Dermato-venereologica, 2003Co-Authors: Jane Sandbymoller, Thomas Poulsen, Hans Christian WulfAbstract:Epidermal thickness and its relationship to age, gender, Skin Type, pigmentation, blood content, smoking habits and body site is important in dermatologic research and was investigated in this study. Biopsies from three different body sites of 71 human volunteers were obtained, and thickness of the stratum corneum and cellular epidermis was measured microscopically using a preparation technique preventing tissue damage. Multiple regressions analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the various factors independently of each other. Mean (SD) thickness of the stratum corneum was 18.3 (4.9) m ma t the dorsal aspect of the forearm, 11.0 (2.2) mm at the shoulder and 14.9 (3.4) mm at the buttock. Corresponding values for the cellular epidermis were 56.6 (11.5) mm, 70.3 (13.6) mm and 81.5 (15.7) mm, respectively. Body site largely explains the variation in epidermal thickness, but also a significant individual variation was observed. Thickness of the stratum corneum correlated positively to pigmentation (p~0.0008) and negatively to the number of years of smoking (pv0.0001). Thickness of the cellular epidermis correlated positively to blood content (P~0.028) and was greater in males than in females (Pv0.0001). Epidermal thickness was not correlated to age or Skin Type. Key words: epidermis; human; regional differences; Skin biopsies; stratum corneum.
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Interdependence of Eye and Hair Colour, Skin Type and Skin Pigmentation in a Caucasian Population
Acta Dermato-venereologica, 1998Co-Authors: Jørgen Lock-andersen, Hans Christian Wulf, N. D. KnudstorpAbstract:Eye colour, hair colour and Skin colour are important risk factors for malignant melanoma and non-melanoma Skin cancers. There are few studies in which the distribution of these pigmentary factors in risk populations has been assessed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the major eye and hair colours and the distribution of Skin Types and Skin pigmentation in a Caucasian population. In 892 Danish Caucasians, eye colour, hair colour and Skin Type were assessed and facultative and constitutive Skin pigmentation were measured objectively using Skin reflectance spectroscopy. Blue eye colour and blond hair colour and Skin Type II were the most frequent (60%, 67% and 33% of subjects, respectively). All four major eye colours and four major hair colours (with the exception of red hair colour) were found within Skin Types I-IV and we could not predict the Skin Type or the constitutive Skin pigmentation. Skin Type could not be taken to classify individuals reliably according to their facultative or constitutive Skin pigmentation.
Antony R. Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Photoadaptation during Narrowband Ultraviolet-B Therapy Is Independent of Skin Type: A Study of 352 Patients
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2006Co-Authors: R. A. Palmer, S. Aquilina, Peter Milligan, Susan L. Walker, John L.m. Hawk, Antony R. YoungAbstract:Understanding how photoadaptation differs between individuals is important when considering susceptibility to the beneficial and harmful effects of sunlight exposure and when determining optimal phototherapy regimens. Most narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) regimens start with 70% of the minimal erythema dose (MED) with 20% increments at each treatment thereafter. We retrospectively studied 352 Skin Types I–IV psoriatic patients having twice weekly treatment with this regimen. Patients with high Skin Types tended to have high MEDs ( P P =0.33). We conclude that patients with high Skin Types photoadapt approximately equally per physical unit of UVR in comparison to those with low Skin Types, but they have greater photoadaptation in absolute terms because they are able to tolerate a higher initial dose of radiation. Differences in Skin Type or MED are not associated with clinically important differences in tendency to erythema during a standard 70/20% NB-UVB twice-weekly regimen. This regimen is suitable for all Skin Types I–IV patients regardless of Skin Type or MED.
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Repeated ultraviolet exposure affords the same protection against DNA photodamage and erythema in human Skin Types II and IV but is associated with faster DNA repair in Skin Type IV.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2002Co-Authors: J M Sheehan, Nicola Cragg, Caroline A Chadwick, Christopher S Potten, Antony R. YoungAbstract:We have investigated the photoprotective properties of induced pigmentation using erythema and epidermal DNA photodamage as endpoints. Previously unexposed buttock Skin of 12 young, healthy adults (six Skin Type II and six Skin Type IV) was exposed daily (Monday to Friday) for 2 wk (days 1–12) with 0.65 minimal erythema dose of solar simulated radiation. Mean Skin Type IV minimal erythema dose was 1.8-fold greater than for Skin Type II. Compared to Skin Type II, solar simulated radiation treatments produced less erythema and more tanning in Skin Type IV. To assess DNA photodamage, biopsies were taken and prepared for paraffin sections that were stained with a monoclonal antibody for thymine dimers. Thymine dimers were quantified by image analysis. The single exposure data (0.65 and 2 minimal erythema dose) showed that DNA damage was related to physical dose (J per cm 2 ) independent of Skin Type. Our data also showed that DNA photodamage accumulates in both Skin Types with repeated, suberythemal doses of solar simulated radiation. On day 12, there were more thymine dimers in Skin Type IV than Skin Type II, again indicating that physical rather than biologic dose determines the level of DNA damage. Comparisons on days 12 and 19, however, showed a much greater loss of thymine dimers in Skin Type IV, suggesting better thymine dimer repair. Protection factors for erythema and thymine dimers were calculated and shown to be about 2 in both Skin Types. This provides further indirect evidence that DNA is a chromophore for erythema, but also suggests that a tan may not be the major factor in natural photoprotection.
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Tanning in Human Skin Types II and III Offers Modest Photoprotection Against Erythema
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1998Co-Authors: John M. Sheehan, Christopher S Potten, Antony R. YoungAbstract:We have investigated the photoprotective properties of tanning using erythema as an endpoint. Previously unexposed buttock Skin sites of 16 young, healthy adults (8 Skin Type II, and 8 Skin Type III) were exposed daily (Mon-Fri) for 2 weeks to 0.5 and 0.75 minimal erythema doses (MED) of solar-simulated radiation (SSR). Erythema and melanin levels were assessed daily both visually and quantitatively using a reflectance device. One week after the last tanning treatment, MED reassessments were made on pretreated sites and on adjacent nontreat-ed sites, including sites from which stratum corneum was removed by tape stripping. Compared to Skin Type II, similar daily SSR treatments produced less erythema and more evident tanning in Skin Types III. Independent of Skin Type, all volunteers showed an increased MED value when assessed on the 0.75 MED- and 0.5 MED-treated sites compared to the MED value assessed on adjacent untreated sites. We express any increase in MED as an induced protection factor (IPF), i.e. (MED post-tan/MED pre-tan). Our data show mean IPF of 1.4 and of 2.1 in the 0.5 and 0.75 MED-treated sites respectively, in Skin Types II. Similar values were obtained in Skin Types III with IPF of 1.5 and 2.3 for the 0.5 and 0.75 MED-treated sites, respectively. In all cases, removal of the stratum corneum lowered the IPF by about 20%. Our results show that SSR-induced melanogenesis, whether in Skin Type II or III, offers only moderate protection against erythema and suggest that SSR-induced stratum corneum thickening affords less photoprotection than tanning.
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Photoprotection and 5-MOP photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in humans: the role of Skin Type.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1991Co-Authors: Antony R. Young, Gillian M. Murphy, Caroline A Chadwick, Christopher S Potten, John L.m. Hawk, A Jeffrey. CohenAbstract:Sites on previously unexposed buttock Skin in 18 subjects (Skin Types I-V) were treated daily for 2 weeks with sub-erythemogenic doses of solar-simulated radiation (SSR) alone, SSR plus a UVB sunscreen, and SSR plus the same sunscreen with 5-methoxypsoralen at 30 ppm. The three sites of treatment (designated SSR, SSR/S, and SSR/S/5-MOP), and a control site that received no SSR or topical treatment, were challenged with 2MED SSR 1 week after the treatment had ceased. Biopsy samples, taken within 15 min after the challenge dose, were assessed for unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS, interpreted as a measure of DNA damage), melanin deposition, and stratum corneum thickening. Within a given Skin Type, when compared with controls, the significant increase in either pigmentation or stratum corneum thickening was similar for SSR and SSR/S/5-MOP. SSR/S inhibited these endpoints. Compared with controls, UDS was significantly reduced in Skin Types III-V by SSR and in all Skin Types by SSR/S/5-MOP. SSR/S elicited no effect apart from minimal reductions in Skin Types IV and V. Thus, the increases in pigmentation and stratum corneum thickening seen in all Skin Types with SSR and SSR/S/5-MOP were accompanied by reduced UDS in all Skin Types with SSR/S/5-MOP but only in Skin Types III-V with SSR. These findings suggest that, although induced pigmentation and stratum corneum thickening may account in part for the reduction of UDS, qualitative differences in induced pigmentation may exist in Skin Types I-II between SSR and SSR/S/5-MOP treatments. The findings can also be interpreted to indicate that SSR/S/5-MOP treatment can afford protection against DNA damage from subsequent exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. Risk-benefit considerations on the use of sunscreens with and without 5-MOP are discussed and the conclusion is drawn that the judicious use of 5-MOP sunscreens, particularly in Skin Types I-II, affords an alternative option to those seeking a suntan.
Kyoung Chan Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vitiligo Skin Types in Koreans.
Journal of Dermatology, 2020Co-Authors: Kyoung Chan ParkAbstract:There is uncertainty and controversy about the relationship between Skin Type and development of vitiligo. The present study was undertaken to study whether vitiligo patients have a different Skin Type than the control group. We investigated the Skin Types of 201 Korean vitiligo patients and 70 healthy Korean volunteers. Skin Type was determined by the Skin phototyping method proposed by Fitzpatrick. Compared to normal controls, Skin Type II was significantly less frequent and Skin Type V was quite common in the vitiligo group. These results suggest that people with dark Skin have a higher probability of developing vitiligo than people with light Skin.
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Comparison of sebum secretion, Skin Type, pH in humans with and without acne
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2006Co-Authors: Sunyoung Choi, Kyoung Chan Park, Hee-jin Byun, Rajul A. Patel, Annie H. Shinn, Sang Woong YounAbstract:Differences of Skin Type and pH between subjects with and without acne have not been investi- gated. In addition, the relationship between sebum secretion and pH in these populations has not been determined. This study assessed the differences in objective and subjective Skin Types between these two groups. Secondly, this study evaluated the difference in pH on five facial areas (forehead, nose, chin, right and left cheek) between the two populations. Lastly, the relationship between pH and sebum secretion was analyzed in each population. Sebum casual levels (CL) of the five facial areas in 36 Koreans with acne and 47 Koreans without acne were measured by using a Se- bumeter SM 815 � and subjects were classified into objective Skin Types by CL. Subjects reported the Type of Skin they believed they had, which determined the subjective Skin Type. The pH levels of the five facial areas were measured by the Skin-pH-Meter PH 905 � . Data was assessed with adequate statistical tests depending on data Type and distribution. Among the five areas, the nose of the subjects with acne showed a significantly higher CL, compared to the subjects without acne. This difference in CL on the nose re- sulted in the difference in CL on the T-zone and mean facial sebum excretions (MFSE). Although CL dif- fered, objective Skin Types did not differ between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the subjective Skin Types differed significantly (P = 0.001). In addition, the objective Skin Types were significantly different than the subjective Skin Types in subjects with acne (P = 0.001), whereas the two Skin Types did not differ in subjects without acne. Subjects with acne actually overestimated their Skin Types and stated their Skin Types were ''oilier'' than they were. In respect to pH, none of the five areas differed significantly between the two groups. Among the five sites in subjects with acne, CL showed a significant negative correlation with pH on the left (r 2 = 0.12) and right (r 2 = 0.15) cheeks, which resulted in a significant negative correlation on the U-zone (r 2 = 0.14). In contrast, in subjects without acne, there was a significant negative correlation be- tween CL and pH on the forehead (r 2 = 0.10) and chin (r 2 = 0.16), which led to a significant negative correla- tion on the T-zone (r 2 = 0.14).
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regional and seasonal variations in facial sebum secretions a proposal for the definition of combination Skin Type
Skin Research and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Sang Woong Youn, Jungim Na, Sunyoung Choi, Kyoung Chan ParkAbstract:Background/aims: Facial sebum secretions are known to change under various circumstances. Facial Skin Types have been categorized as oily, normal, dry, and combination Types. However, these have been evaluated subjectively by individuals to date, and no objective accepted standard measurement method exists. The combination Skin Type is most common, but its definition is vaguer than the definitions of the other Skin Types. Methods: We measured facial sebum secretions with Sebumeter s . Sebum secretions were measured at five sites of the face seasonally for a year, in the same volunteers. Using the data obtained we developed a set of rules to define the combination Skin Type. Results: Regional differences in sebum secretion were confirmed. Sebum secretions on forehead, nose, and chin were higher than on both cheeks. Summer was found to be the highest sebum-secreting season, and seasonal variations were found in the T- and U-zones. A mismatch of Skin Type in the T- and U-zones in more than two seasons appears to be close to subjective ratings of what is described as the ‘combination’ Skin Type. Conclusion: We showed that the face shows definitive regional and seasonal variations in sebum secretion. To define the combination Skin Type, seasonal variations in sebum secretion should be considered in addition to regional variations.
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Evaluation of facial Skin Type by sebum secretion: Discrepancies between subjective descriptions and sebum secretion
Skin Research and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Sang Woong Youn, In A Hwang, Kyoung Chan ParkAbstract:Background/aims: Facial Skin is usually classified as dry, normal, and oily in the cosmetics field. However, there is no standard objective method for classifying facial Skin. Methods: We measured sebum excretion with Sebumeter® at four sites on the face. Based on the amount of sebum secretion, we reclassified Skin Type according to the guidelines provided by the manufacturer. The mean of sebum excretion (mean facial sebum excretion; MFSE) was also calculated. Results: People secrete varying amounts of sebum at different Skin sites. Reclassification of Skin Type based on sebum secretion revealed that most participants underestimated the amount of facial sebum excretion. When sebum secretion amounts were compared, a statistically significant difference was apparent between the oily and dry Skin Types. However, there were no statistical differences between oily and normal, and normal and dry Skin. Conclusion: We showed that subjective Skin Type does not match the amount of sebum secreted. Thus, this simple and subjective classification is of very limited use and it should be re-evaluated by using an objective and standardized measuring tool.
Wendy E. Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Skin Type Classification: A Decennial Perspective.
Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2018Co-Authors: Wendy E. RobertsAbstract:The intent of this brief communication is to revisit the Roberts Skin Type Classification System published by Journal of Drugs in Dermatology (JDD) in 2008 with a 2018 lens and provide additional information for its wider acceptance and implementation.
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Skin Type classification systems old and new
Dermatologic Clinics, 2009Co-Authors: Wendy E. RobertsAbstract:The history of classifying Skin Types is rather new and there has been considerable progress made with continuing awareness. The Fitzpatrick Skin PhotoType Classification remains the gold standard. It is simple and user friendly, however this system fails to accurately predict Skin reactions. The Roberts Skin Type Classification System is a tool to predict the Skin response to injury and insult from cosmetic procedures and identify the propensity of sequelae from inflammatory Skin disorders. It can be a predictor of an impending complication, such as hyperpigmentation and scarring, which can then be avoided. In addition, it includes the Skin photoType and photoage. In evaluating patients' Skin and developing a cosmetic plan, the four indices outlined in this article, hyper/hypopigmentation risk, scarring risk, Skin photoType, and photoage, are crucial to identify for optimal outcomes.
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The Roberts Skin Type Classification System.
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2008Co-Authors: Wendy E. RobertsAbstract:Abstract The Roberts Skin Type Classification System is a 4-part serial system that comprehensively identifies a patient's Skin Type characteristics, and provides data to predict the Skin's likely response to insult, injury, and inflammation (i/i/i) for individuals of global Skin Types. The clinician evaluates 4 elements (photoType, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, and scarring) and assigns a numeric "feature" to each, according to established and original scales. The 4-part serial profile is constructed based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative assessment leading to the patient's Skin Type classification: (a) a review of ancestral and clinical history, (b) visual examination, (c) test site reactions, and (d) physical examination of the patient's Skin. This classification system can uniquely help determine the course of treatment, clarify postprocedure expectations, and optimize outcomes. This individualized approach to identifying features and elements in various Skin Types will positively impact on physician communication, patient awareness and compliance, and preventive measures.
