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W. Eikelboom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TI.13 Genetic Transformation in Tulipa Species (Tulips)
1995Co-Authors: A. Wilmink, W. EikelboomAbstract:Tulip (Tulipa L.) is the most important bulbous ornamental crop in the Netherlands, with a production in 1992 of one billion flowers and three billion bulbs. The Dutch production accounts for about 85% of the world bulb
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Crossability analysis in subgenus Tulipa of the genus Tulipa L.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1995Co-Authors: Leonard W. D. Van Raamsdonk, Joop P. Van Eijk, W. EikelboomAbstract:A range of almost 1400 cross combinations has been carried out between 31 species of Tulipa subgenus Tulipa. Most of the sections are well separated reproductively from each other. The designated species aggregates in section Clusianae appeared to be intersterile. Also in section Kolpakowskianae the species, as far as used, cannot be combined. Some crosses between species of section Tulipanum succeeded. The species of sections Eichleres and Tulipa (including the cultivated tulip T gesneriana) could be combined in various ways, although the highest level of seed set was achieved within either section. The crossability data support the current taxonomic division. The level of reproductive isolation between sympatric species is discussed, and the importance of crossability studies for plant breeding in Tulipa pointed out briefly.
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Genetic Transformation in Tulipa Species (Tulips)
Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 1995Co-Authors: A. Wilmink, J M Van Tuyl, W. Eikelboom, B. C. E. Van De Ven, J. B. M. Custers, J. J. M. DonsAbstract:Tulip (Tulipa L.) is the most important bulbous ornamental crop in the Netherlands, with a production in 1992 of one billion flowers and three billion bulbs. The Dutch production accounts for about 85% of the world bulb production.
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Interspecific crosses between Tulipa gesneriana cultivars and wild Tulipa species: a survey
Sexual Plant Reproduction, 1991Co-Authors: J. P. Eijk, L. W. D. Raamsdonk, W. Eikelboom, R. J. BinoAbstract:Interspecific crosses were made between 76 Tulipa gesneriana cultivars and 28 botanical Tulipa species. Tulipa gesneriana proved fully congruent (all cross-combinations giving hybrid progeny) with members of the subsection Gesnerianae , was moderately affiliated (50% of all cross-combinations giving hybrid progeny) with representatives of the subsection Eichleres , and was found to be incongruent with most other Tulipa species (except T. stapfii of the subsection Oculussolis ). Relationships between T. gesneriana and some representatives of the subsection Eichleres were addressed in more detail. Seeds were harvested in all cross-combinations, but the number of seeds depended on the T. gesneriana cultivar used as the female partner. Apparently, the maternal genotype did affect pre- or post-fertilization processes. T. gesneriana was not crossable with T. kaufmanniana of the subsection Spiranthera . In this specific case, however, a bridge cross was used to overcome incongruity. For this, T. kaufmanniana was first combined with T. greigii , and the hybrid was subsequently crossed with T. gesneriana . These results demonstrate possibilities for interspecific cross-combinations in tulips and have offered opportunities for the introduction of desired new traits in the cultivated tulip.
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Interspecific crosses between Tulipa gesneriana cultivars and wild Tulipa species: a survey
Sexual Plant Reproduction, 1991Co-Authors: J. P. Van Eijk, L. W. D. Van Raamsdonk, W. Eikelboom, R. J. BinoAbstract:Interspecific crosses were made between 76 Tulipa gesneriana cultivars and 28 botanical Tulipa species. Tulipa gesneriana proved fully congruent (all cross-combinations giving hybrid progeny) with members of the subsection Gesnerianae, was moderately affiliated (50% of all cross-combinations giving hybrid progeny) with representatives of the subsection Eichleres, and was found to be incongruent with most other Tulipa species (except T. stapfii of the subsection Oculussolis).
Giovanni Vidari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the main constituents of Tulipa systola stapf roots and flowers their antioxidant activities
Natural Product Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mohammed Farhad Ibrahim, Faiq H. S. Hussain, Giuseppe Zanoni, Giovanni VidariAbstract:AbstractPeople living on the mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq make a large use of herbs in the local traditional medicine. Among them, Tulipa systola, which grows under and between rocks, is very popular as an anti-inflammatory remedy and pain-relief. The phytochemical study of an ethanolic extract obtained from flowers and roots of Tulip (T systola Stapf.) afforded three compounds, identified as (+)-1-O-E-feruloyl-3-O-E-p-coumaroylglycerol (1), (+)-6-tuliposide A (2), and (−)-kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3). The significant radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds were evaluated on three tests, by determining the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the total antioxidant activity and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Tuliposide A shows potent allergenic activity.
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Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Tulipa Systola stapf. collected in Kurdistan region-Iraq
ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Mohammed Farhad Ibrahim, Faiq H. S. Hussain, Giuseppe Zanoni, Giovanni VidariAbstract:Tulipa systola Stapf. is a monocotyledonous plant in the Liliaceae family, collected in Kurdistan Region-Iraq which is uses by Local people as a pain killer and wound healing. In this study; antibacterial activity and phytochemical qualitative screening of ethanolic extracted from roots, leaves and flowers of Tulip were studied. The results revealed that the ethanol extracts of Tulipa Systola exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria’s.
Richard G H Immink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of Tulipa gesneriana teosinte branched1 tgtb1 in the control of axillary bud outgrowth in bulbs
Sexual Plant Reproduction, 2018Co-Authors: Natalia Morenopachon, Hendrikus Wilhelmus Maria Hilhorst, Marie Chantal Mutimawurugo, Eveline M H Heynen, Lidiya I Sergeeva, Anne Benders, Ikram Blilou, Richard G H ImminkAbstract:Tulip vegetative reproduction. Tulips reproduce asexually by the outgrowth of their axillary meristems located in the axil of each bulb scale. The number of axillary meristems in one bulb is low, and not all of them grow out during the yearly growth cycle of the bulb. Since the degree of axillary bud outgrowth in tulip determines the success of their vegetative propagation, this study aimed at understanding the mechanism controlling the differential axillary bud activity. We used a combined physiological and “bottom-up” molecular approach to shed light on this process and found that first two inner located buds do not seem to experience dormancy during the growth cycle, while mid-located buds enter dormancy by the end of the growing season. Dormancy was assessed by weight increase and TgTB1 expression levels, a conserved TCP transcription factor and well-known master integrator of environmental and endogenous signals influencing axillary meristem outgrowth in plants. We showed that TgTB1 expression in tulip bulbs can be modulated by sucrose, cytokinin and strigolactone, just as it has been reported for other species. However, the limited growth of mid-located buds, even when their TgTB1 expression is downregulated, points at other factors, probably physical, inhibiting their growth. We conclude that the time of axillary bud initiation determines the degree of dormancy and the sink strength of the bud. Thus, development, apical dominance, sink strength, hormonal cross-talk, expression of TgTB1 and other possibly physical but unidentified players, all converge to determine the growth capacity of tulip axillary buds.
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Tulipa gesneriana and lilium longiflorum pebp genes and their putative roles in flowering time control
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Hendrika A C F Leeggangers, Harm Nijveen, Hendrikus Wilhelmus Maria Hilhorst, Tamar Rosiliobrami, Judit Bigasnadal, Noam Rubin, Aalt D J Van Dijk, Francisco Nunez F De Caceres Gonzalez, Shani Saadonshitrit, Richard G H ImminkAbstract:Floral induction in Tulipa gesneriana and Lilium longiflorum is triggered by contrasting temperature conditions, high and low temperature, respectively. In Arabidopsis, the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a member of the PEBP (phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein) gene family, is a key player in flowering time control. In this study, one PEBP gene was identified and characterized in lily (LlFT) and three PEBP genes were isolated from tulip (TgFT1, TgFT2 and TgFT3). Overexpression of these genes in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in an early flowering phenotype for LlFT and TgFT2, but a late flowering phenotype for TgFT1 and TgFT3. Overexpression of LlFT in L. longiflorum also resulted in an early flowering phenotype, confirming its proposed role as a flowering time-controlling gene. The tulip PEBP genes TgFT2 and TgFT3 have a similar expression pattern in tulip, but show opposite effects on the timing of flowering in Arabidopsis. Therefore, the difference between these two proteins was further investigated by interchanging amino acids thought to be important for the FT function. This resulted in the conversion of phenotypes in Arabidopsis upon overexpressing the substituted TgFT2 and TgFT3 genes, revealing the importance of these interchanged amino acid residues. Based on all obtained results, we hypothesize that LlFT is involved in creating meristem competence to flowering-related cues in lily, and TgFT2 is considered to act as a florigen involved in the floral induction in tulip. The function of TgFT3 remains unclear, but, based on our observations and phylogenetic analysis, we propose a bulb-specific function for this gene.
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molecular regulation of temperature dependent floral induction in Tulipa gesneriana
Plant Physiology, 2017Co-Authors: Hendrika A C F Leeggangers, Harm Nijveen, Judit Nadal Bigas, Hendrikus Wilhelmus Maria Hilhorst, Richard G H ImminkAbstract:The vegetative-to-reproductive phase change in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) is promoted by increasing temperatures during spring. The warm winters of recent years interfere with this process and are calling for new adapted cultivars. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms would be of help, but unlike the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), very little is known about floral induction in tulip. To shed light on the gene regulatory network controlling flowering in tulip, RNA sequencing was performed on meristem-enriched tissue collected under two contrasting temperature conditions, low and high. The start of reproductive development correlated with rounding of the shoot apical meristem and induction of TGSQA expression, a tulip gene with a high similarity to Arabidopsis APETALA1. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed the overrepresentation of genes potentially involved in floral induction, bulb maturation, and dormancy establishment. Expression analysis revealed that TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TgTFL1) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1-like1 (TgSOC1-like1) might be repressors, whereas TgSOC1-like2 likely is an activator, of flowering. Subsequently, the flowering time-associated expression of eight potential flowering time genes was confirmed in three tulip cultivars grown in the field. Additionally, heterologous functional analyses in Arabidopsis resulted in flowering time phenotypes in line with TgTFL1 being a floral repressor and TgSOC1-like2 being a floral activator in tulip. Taken together, we have shown that long before morphological changes occur in the shoot apical meristem, the expression of floral repressors in tulip is suppressed by increased ambient temperatures, leading either directly or indirectly to the activation of potential flowering activators shortly before the commencement of the phase change.
Yasuo Kato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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One-Step Enzymatic Synthesis of 1-Tuliposide A Using Tuliposide-Converting Enzyme
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019Co-Authors: Taiji Nomura, Shinjiro Ogita, Yasuo KatoAbstract:6-Tuliposides A (6-PosA) and B (6-PosB) are major secondary metabolites in tulip ( Tulipa gesneriana ), having an acyl group at the C-6 position of d -glucose. They serve as precursors of the antimicrobial α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones Tulipalins A (PaA) and B (PaB). The conversions of 6-PosA/6-PosB to PaA/PaB are catalyzed by tuliposide-converting enzymes A and B (TCEA and TCEB), respectively. A minor Pos, 1-PosA, which has the acyl group at the C-1 position of d -glucose, has been identified in some wild tulip species, but availability of this compound is limited. Here, by using the TCEs, we established a facile enzymatic process for 1-PosA synthesis from the naturally occurring 1,6-diacyl-glucose type of Pos (PosD and PosF). We first discovered that TCEA and TCEB react preferentially with PosD and PosF, respectively, to form 1-PosA and the corresponding Pa derived from the 6-acyl group, demonstrating that the TCEs specifically acted on the 6-acyl group, but not the 1-acyl group, of the substrates. Using TCEB, 300 mg of PosF was completely converted to 1-PosA and PaB in 10 min at room temperature. Then, 160 mg of 1-PosA (75% molar yield) was purified by column chromatography. This one-step enzymatic process dramatically improves accessibility to 1-PosA.
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molecular diversity of tuliposide b converting enzyme in tulip Tulipa gesneriana identification of the third isozyme with a distinct expression profile
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Taiji Nomura, Ryo Kuchida, Naoki Kitaoka, Yasuo KatoAbstract:6-Tuliposide B (PosB), a major secondary metabolite that accumulates in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana), is converted to the antibacterial lactone, Tulipalin B (PaB), by PosB-converting enzyme (TCEB). TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R, which encode TCEB, are specifically expressed in tulip pollen and roots, respectively, but are hardly expressed in other tissues (e.g. leaves) despite the presence of substantial PosB-converting activity, suggesting the existence of another TCEB isozyme. Here, we describe the identification of TgTCEB-L ("L" for leaf), a paralog of TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R, from leaves via native enzyme purification. The enzymatic characters of TgTCEB-L, including catalytic activity and subcellular localization, were substantially the same as those of TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R. However, TgTCEB-L did not exhibit tissue-specific expression. Identification of TgTCEB-L explains the PosB-converting activity detected in tissues where TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R transcripts could not be detected, indicating that tulip subtilizes the three TgTCEB isozymes depending on the tissue.
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Molecular diversity of tuliposide B-converting enzyme in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana): identification of the third isozyme with a distinct expression profile
2018Co-Authors: Taiji Nomura, Ryo Kuchida, Naoki Kitaoka, Yasuo KatoAbstract:6-Tuliposide B (PosB), a major secondary metabolite that accumulates in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana), is converted to the antibacterial lactone, Tulipalin B (PaB), by PosB-converting enzyme (TCEB). TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R, which encode TCEB, are specifically expressed in tulip pollen and roots, respectively, but are hardly expressed in other tissues (e.g. leaves) despite the presence of substantial PosB-converting activity, suggesting the existence of another TCEB isozyme. Here, we describe the identification of TgTCEB-L (“L” for leaf), a paralog of TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R, from leaves via native enzyme purification. The enzymatic characters of TgTCEB-L, including catalytic activity and subcellular localization, were substantially the same as those of TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R. However, TgTCEB-L did not exhibit tissue-specific expression. Identification of TgTCEB-L explains the PosB-converting activity detected in tissues where TgTCEB1 and TgTCEB-R transcripts could not be detected, indicating that tulip subtilizes the three TgTCEB isozymes depending on the tissue. Three isozymes are involved in the conversion of 6-tuliposide B, a major secondary metabolite in tulip, to antibacterial Tulipalin B.
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molecular diversity of tuliposide b converting enzyme in tulip Tulipa gesneriana identification of the root specific isozyme
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Taiji Nomura, Ayaka Ueno, Shinjiro Ogita, Yasuo KatoAbstract:6-Tuliposide B (PosB) is a glucose ester accumulated in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) as a major secondary metabolite. PosB serves as the precursor of the antimicrobial lactone Tulipalin B (PaB), which is formed by PosB-converting enzyme (TCEB). The gene TgTCEB1, encoding a TCEB, is transcribed in tulip pollen but scarcely transcribed in other tissues (e.g. roots) even though those tissues show high TCEB activity. This led to the prediction of the presence of a TCEB isozyme with distinct tissue specificity. Herein, we describe the identification of the TgTCEB-R gene from roots via native enzyme purification; this gene is a paralog of TgTCEB1. Recombinant enzyme characterization verified that TgTCEB-R encodes a TCEB. Moreover, TgTCEB-R was localized in tulip plastids, as found for pollen TgTCEB1. TgTCEB-R is transcribed almost exclusively in roots, indicating a tissue preference for the transcription of TCEB isozyme genes.
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Molecular diversity of tuliposide B-converting enzyme in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana): identification of the root-specific isozyme
2017Co-Authors: Taiji Nomura, Ayaka Ueno, Shinjiro Ogita, Yasuo KatoAbstract:6-Tuliposide B (PosB) is a glucose ester accumulated in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) as a major secondary metabolite. PosB serves as the precursor of the antimicrobial lactone Tulipalin B (PaB), which is formed by PosB-converting enzyme (TCEB). The gene TgTCEB1, encoding a TCEB, is transcribed in tulip pollen but scarcely transcribed in other tissues (e.g. roots) even though those tissues show high TCEB activity. This led to the prediction of the presence of a TCEB isozyme with distinct tissue specificity. Herein, we describe the identification of the TgTCEB-R gene from roots via native enzyme purification; this gene is a paralog of TgTCEB1. Recombinant enzyme characterization verified that TgTCEB-R encodes a TCEB. Moreover, TgTCEB-R was localized in tulip plastids, as found for pollen TgTCEB1. TgTCEB-R is transcribed almost exclusively in roots, indicating a tissue preference for the transcription of TCEB isozyme genes. Tissue-specific isozymes are involved in the conversion of 6-tuliposide B, a major secondary metabolite in tulip, to antibacterial Tulipalin B.
Branka Krstic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Tulipa sp. in Serbia
Plant Disease, 2014Co-Authors: K. Milojević, Danijela Ristic, D. Nikolic, Ivana Stankovic, Aleksandra Bulajic, Ana Vucurovic, Branka KrsticAbstract:Tulips (Tulipa sp. L.), popular spring-blooming perennials in the Liliaceae family, are one of the most important ornamental bulbous plants, which have been cultivated for cut flower, potted plant, garden plant, and for landscaping. In May 2013, during a survey to determine the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus, Bromoviridae) on ornamentals in Serbia, virus-like symptoms, including the presence of bright streaks, stripe and distortion of leaves, and reduced growth and flower size, were observed in an open field tulip production in the Krnjaca locality (a district of Belgrade, Serbia). Disease incidence was estimated at 20%. Symptomatic tulip plants were collected and tested for the presence of CMV by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using commercial diagnostic kit (Bioreba, AG, Reinach, Switzerland). Commercial positive and negative controls were included in each ELISA. Of the six tulip plants tested, all were positive for CMV. In bioassay, five plants of each Chenopodium quinoa, Nic...
