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Anne Fennell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Draft genome of the Native American cold hardy grapevine Vitis riparia Michx. 'Manitoba 37'.
Horticulture research, 2020Co-Authors: Sagar Patel, Jason P Londo, Anne Fennell, Michael Robben, Dilmini Alahakoon, Roberto Villegas-diaz, Padmapriya SwaminathanAbstract:Vitis riparia, a critically important Native American grapevine species, is used globally in rootstock and scion breeding and contributed to the recovery of the French wine industry during the mid-19th century phylloxera epidemic. This species has abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and the largest natural geographic distribution of the North American grapevine species. Here we report an Illumina short-read 369X coverage, draft de novo heterozygous genome sequence of V. riparia Michx. ‘Manitoba 37’ with the size of ~495 Mb for 69,616 scaffolds and a N50 length of 518,740 bp. Using RNAseq data, 40,019 coding sequences were predicted and annotated. Benchmarking with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis of predicted gene models found 96% of the complete BUSCOs in this assembly. The assembly continuity and completeness were further validated using V. riparia ESTs, BACs, and three de novo transcriptome assemblies of three different V. riparia genotypes resulting in >98% of respective sequences/transcripts mapping with this assembly. Alignment of the V. riparia assembly and predicted CDS with the latest V. vinifera ‘PN40024’ CDS and genome assembly showed 99% CDS alignment and a high degree of synteny. An analysis of plant transcription factors indicates a high degree of homology with the V. vinifera transcription factors. QTL mapping to V. riparia ‘Manitoba 37’ and V. vinifera PN40024 has identified genetic relationships to phenotypic variation between species. This assembly provides reference sequences, gene models for marker development and understanding V. riparia’s genetic contributions in grape breeding and research.
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Transcriptomic response is more sensitive to water deficit in shoots than roots of Vitis riparia (Michx.)
BMC plant biology, 2019Co-Authors: Vedbar S. Khadka, Grant R. Cramer, Kimberley Vaughn, Juan Xie, Padmapriya Swaminathan, Anne FennellAbstract:Drought is an important constraint on grapevine sustainability. Vitis riparia, widely used in rootstock and scion breeding, has been studied in isolated leaf drying response studies; however, it is essential to identify key root and shoot water deficit signaling traits in intact plants. This information will aid improved scion and rootstock selection and management practices in grapevine. RNAseq data were generated from V. riparia roots and shoots under water deficit and well-watered conditions to determine root signaling and shoot responses to water deficit. Shoot elongation, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced in water deficit (WD) treated than in well-watered grapevines. RNAseq analysis indicated greater transcriptional differences in shoots than in roots under WD, with 6925 and 1395 genes differentially expressed, respectively (q-value
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transcriptomic response is more sensitive to water deficit in shoots than roots of Vitis riparia michx
BMC Plant Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Grant R. Cramer, Vedbar S. Khadka, Kimberley Vaughn, Juan Xie, Padmapriya Swaminathan, Anne FennellAbstract:Drought is an important constraint on grapevine sustainability. Vitis riparia, widely used in rootstock and scion breeding, has been studied in isolated leaf drying response studies; however, it is essential to identify key root and shoot water deficit signaling traits in intact plants. This information will aid improved scion and rootstock selection and management practices in grapevine. RNAseq data were generated from V. riparia roots and shoots under water deficit and well-watered conditions to determine root signaling and shoot responses to water deficit. Shoot elongation, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced in water deficit (WD) treated than in well-watered grapevines. RNAseq analysis indicated greater transcriptional differences in shoots than in roots under WD, with 6925 and 1395 genes differentially expressed, respectively (q-value < 0.05). There were 50 and 25 VitisNet pathways significantly enriched in WD relative to well-watered treatments in grapevine shoots and roots, respectively. The ABA biosynthesis genes beta-carotene hydroxylase, zeaxanthin epoxidase, and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases were up-regulated in WD root and WD shoot. A positive enrichment of ABA biosynthesis genes and signaling pathways in WD grapevine roots indicated enhanced root signaling to the shoot. An increased frequency of differentially expressed reactive oxygen species scavenging (ROS) genes were found in the WD shoot. Analyses of hormone signaling genes indicated a strong ABA, auxin, and ethylene network and an ABA, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm network in both WD shoot and WD root. This work supports previous findings in detached leaf studies suggesting ABA-responsive binding factor 2 (ABF2) is a central regulator in ABA signaling in the WD shoot. Likewise, ABF2 may have a key role in V. riparia WD shoot and WD root. A role for ABF3 was indicated only in WD root. WD shoot and WD root hormone expression analysis identified strong ABA, auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm signaling networks. These results present the first ABA, cytokinin, and circadian rhythm signaling network in roots under water deficit. These networks point to organ specific regulators that should be explored to further define the communication network from soil to shoot.
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Protein identification and quantification from riverbank grape, Vitis riparia: Comparing SDS-PAGE and FASP-GPF techniques for shotgun proteomic analysis
Proteomics, 2015Co-Authors: Iniga S. George, Anne Fennell, Paul A. HaynesAbstract:Protein sample preparation optimisation is critical for establishing reproducible high throughput proteomic analysis. In this study, two different fractionation sample preparation techniques (in-gel digestion and in-solution digestion) for shotgun proteomics were used to quantitatively compare proteins identified in Vitis riparia leaf samples. The total number of proteins and peptides identified were compared between filter aided sample preparation (FASP) coupled with gas phase fractionation (GPF) and SDS-PAGE methods. There was a 24% increase in the total number of reproducibly identified proteins when FASP-GPF was used. FASP-GPF is more reproducible, less expensive and a better method than SDS-PAGE for shotgun proteomics of grapevine samples as it significantly increases protein identification across biological replicates. Total peptide and protein information from the two fractionation techniques is available in PRIDE with the identifier PXD001399 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001399).
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Auxin and cytokinin related gene expression during active shoot growth and latent bud paradormancy in Vitis riparia grapevine
Journal of plant physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Kathy Mathiason, Anne FennellAbstract:Abstract Cultural practices for canopy management in grapevines rely on intensive manipulation of shoot architecture to maintain canopy light levels. In contrast to common model plant systems used to study regulation of branch outgrowth, the grapevine has a more complex architecture. The node contains first, second and third order axillary meristems. The prompt bud (N + 1) develops into a summer lateral and a latent compound bud develops in the basal node of the summer lateral (N + 2, N + 31,2). The outgrowth potential of latent buds was determined using common canopy management treatments (shoot tip decapitation and removal of summer laterals and leaves) and monitoring the rate of latent bud outgrowth. Two shoot node regions (apical and basal) with differential outgrowth potential were characterized and it was noted that the shoot tip, summer laterals and leaves in addition to node position contributed to the inhibition of latent bud outgrowth. To advance the understanding of the molecular regulation of bud outgrowth and paradormancy in the complex shoot architecture of grapevines, the expression of auxin and cytokinin genes involved in branching (amidase (VrAMI1), PINFORMED-3 (VrPIN3) and isopentenyl transferase (VrIPT)) were monitored in shoot tips and differentially aged buds of Vitis riparia grapevine shoots. In addition, Histone 3 (VrH3) and a hexose transporter (VrHT1) expression were monitored as a measure of tissue activity. The expression of VrAMI1 and VrPIN3 remained constant in actively growing shoot tips and decreased significantly with increasing bud maturation in paradormant buds. VrHT1 expression was greater in buds than in any other plant tissue tested. VrHT1 may have the potential to be used as an indicator of paradormancy status in grapevines. These characterizations in the complex architecture of the grapevine provide an excellent model system for molecular analysis of bud outgrowth and shoot architecture development.
Pierre-françois Bert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Author Correction: De novo phased assembly of the Vitis riparia grape genome.
Scientific data, 2019Co-Authors: Nabil Girollet, Bernadette Rubio, Céline Lopez-roques, Sophie Valière, Nathalie Ollat, Pierre-françois BertAbstract:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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De novo phased assembly of the Vitis riparia grape genome.
Scientific data, 2019Co-Authors: Nabil Girollet, Bernadette Rubio, Céline Lopez-roques, Sophie Valière, Nathalie Ollat, Pierre-françois BertAbstract:Grapevine is one of the most important fruit species in the world. In order to better understand genetic basis of traits variation and facilitate the breeding of new genotypes, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of the American native Vitis riparia, one of the main species used worldwide for rootstock and scion breeding. A total of 164 Gb raw DNA reads were obtained from Vitis riparia resulting in a 225X depth of coverage. We generated a genome assembly of the V. riparia grape de novo using the PacBio long-reads that was phased with the 10x Genomics Chromium linked-reads. At the chromosome level, a 500 Mb genome was generated with a scaffold N50 size of 1 Mb. More than 34% of the whole genome were identified as repeat sequences, and 37,207 protein-coding genes were predicted. This genome assembly sets the stage for comparative genomic analysis of the diversification and adaptation of grapevine and will provide a solid resource for further genetic analysis and breeding of this economically important species. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
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De novo phased assembly of the Vitis riparia grape genome
Scientific Data, 2019Co-Authors: Nabil Girollet, Bernadette Rubio, Pierre-françois BertAbstract:Grapevine is one of the most important fruit species in the world. In order to better understand genetic basis of traits variation and facilitate the breeding of new genotypes, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of the American native Vitis riparia, one of the main species used worldwide for rootstock and scion breeding. A total of 164 Gb raw DNA reads were obtained from Vitis riparia resulting in a 225X depth of coverage. We generated a genome assembly of the V. riparia grape de novo using the PacBio long-reads that was phased with the 10x Genomics Chromium linked-reads. At the chromosome level, a 500 Mb genome was generated with a scaffold N50 size of 1 Mb. More than 34% of the whole genome were identified as repeat sequences, and 37,207 protein-coding genes were predicted. This genome assembly sets the stage for comparative genomic analysis of the diversification and adaptation of grapevine and will provide a solid resource for further genetic analysis and breeding of this economically important species.
Ludger Hausmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome sequences of both organelles of the grapevine rootstock cultivar borner
Microbiology Resource Announcements (Formerly: Genome Announcements), 2020Co-Authors: Bianca Frommer, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Daniela Holtgräwe, Prisca Viehöver, Bruno Huettel, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Genomic long reads of the interspecific grapevine rootstock cultivar 'Borner' (Vitis riparia GM183 × Vitis cinerea Arnold) were used to assemble its chloroplast and mitochondrion genome sequences. We annotated 133 chloroplast and 172 mitochondrial genes, including the RNA editing sites. The organelle genomes in 'Borner' were maternally inherited from Vitis riparia.
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genome sequences of both organelles of the grapevine rootstock cultivar borner
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Bianca Frommer, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Daniela Holtgräwe, Prisca Viehöver, Bruno Huettel, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Genomic long reads of the interspecific grapevine rootstock cultivar 9Borner9 (Vitis riparia GM183 x Vitis cinerea Arnold) were used to assemble its chloroplast and mitochondrion genome sequences. We annotated 133 chloroplast and 172 mitochondrial genes including the RNA-editing sites. The organellar genomes were maternally inherited to 9Borner9 from Vitis riparia.
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A Partially Phase-Separated Genome Sequence Assembly of the Vitis Rootstock 'Börner' (Vitis riparia × Vitis cinerea) and Its Exploitation for Marker Development and Targeted Mapping.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Daniela Holtgräwe, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Thomas Rosleff Soerensen, Boas Pucker, Prisca Viehöver, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Grapevine breeding has become highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated Vitis vinifera. In modern breeding programs, therefore, genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci. Potential sources of resistance are wild species of American or Asian origin. The interspecific hybrid of Vitis riparia Gm 183 x Vitis cinerea Arnold, available as the rootstock cultivar 'Borner,' carries several relevant resistance loci. We applied next-generation sequencing to enable the reliable identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR), and we also generated a draft genome sequence assembly of 'Borner' to access genome-wide sequence variations in a comprehensive and highly reliable way. These data were used to cover the 'Borner' genome with genetic marker positions. A subset of these marker positions was used for targeted mapping of the P. viticola resistance locus, Rpv14, to validate the marker position list. Based on the reference genome sequence PN40024, the position of this resistance locus can be narrowed down to less than 0.5 Mbp on chromosome 5.
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a partially phase separated genome sequence assembly of the Vitis rootstock borner Vitis riparia Vitis cinerea and its exploitation for marker development and targeted mapping
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Daniela Holtgräwe, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Thomas Rosleff Soerensen, Boas Pucker, Prisca Viehöver, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Grapevine breeding has become highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated Vitis vinifera. In modern breeding programs, therefore, genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci. Potential sources of resistance are wild species of American or Asian origin. The interspecific hybrid of Vitis riparia Gm 183 x Vitis cinerea Arnold, available as the rootstock cultivar 'Borner,' carries several relevant resistance loci. We applied next-generation sequencing to enable the reliable identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR), and we also generated a draft genome sequence assembly of 'Borner' to access genome-wide sequence variations in a comprehensive and highly reliable way. These data were used to cover the 'Borner' genome with genetic marker positions. A subset of these marker positions was used for targeted mapping of the P. viticola resistance locus, Rpv14, to validate the marker position list. Based on the reference genome sequence PN40024, the position of this resistance locus can be narrowed down to less than 0.5 Mbp on chromosome 5.
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A Partially Phase-Separated Genome Sequence Assembly of the Vitis Rootstock 'Börner' (Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea) and its Exploitation for Marker Development and Targeted Mapping
2019Co-Authors: Daniela Holtgräwe, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Thomas Rosleff Soerensen, Boas Pucker, Prisca Viehöver, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Grapevine breeding becomes highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated Vitis vinifera. Therefore, in modern breeding programs genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci. Potential sources of resistance are wild species of American or Asian origin. The interspecific hybrid of Vitis riparia Gm 183 x V. cinerea Arnold, available as the rootstock cultivar 9Borner9, carries several relevant resistance loci. We applied next generation sequencing to enable the reliable identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and also generated a draft genome sequence assembly of 9Borner9 to access genome wide sequence variations in a comprehensive and highly reliable way. These data were used to cover the 9Borner9 genome with genetic marker positions. A subset of these marker positions was used for targeted mapping of the P. viticola resistance locus, Rpv14, to validate the marker position list. Based on the reference genome sequence PN40024, the position of this resistance locus can be narrowed down to less than 0.5 Mbp on chromosome 5.
Reinhard Töpfer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genome sequences of both organelles of the grapevine rootstock cultivar borner
Microbiology Resource Announcements (Formerly: Genome Announcements), 2020Co-Authors: Bianca Frommer, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Daniela Holtgräwe, Prisca Viehöver, Bruno Huettel, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Genomic long reads of the interspecific grapevine rootstock cultivar 'Borner' (Vitis riparia GM183 × Vitis cinerea Arnold) were used to assemble its chloroplast and mitochondrion genome sequences. We annotated 133 chloroplast and 172 mitochondrial genes, including the RNA editing sites. The organelle genomes in 'Borner' were maternally inherited from Vitis riparia.
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genome sequences of both organelles of the grapevine rootstock cultivar borner
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Bianca Frommer, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Daniela Holtgräwe, Prisca Viehöver, Bruno Huettel, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Genomic long reads of the interspecific grapevine rootstock cultivar 9Borner9 (Vitis riparia GM183 x Vitis cinerea Arnold) were used to assemble its chloroplast and mitochondrion genome sequences. We annotated 133 chloroplast and 172 mitochondrial genes including the RNA-editing sites. The organellar genomes were maternally inherited to 9Borner9 from Vitis riparia.
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A Partially Phase-Separated Genome Sequence Assembly of the Vitis Rootstock 'Börner' (Vitis riparia × Vitis cinerea) and Its Exploitation for Marker Development and Targeted Mapping.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Daniela Holtgräwe, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Thomas Rosleff Soerensen, Boas Pucker, Prisca Viehöver, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Grapevine breeding has become highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated Vitis vinifera. In modern breeding programs, therefore, genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci. Potential sources of resistance are wild species of American or Asian origin. The interspecific hybrid of Vitis riparia Gm 183 x Vitis cinerea Arnold, available as the rootstock cultivar 'Borner,' carries several relevant resistance loci. We applied next-generation sequencing to enable the reliable identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR), and we also generated a draft genome sequence assembly of 'Borner' to access genome-wide sequence variations in a comprehensive and highly reliable way. These data were used to cover the 'Borner' genome with genetic marker positions. A subset of these marker positions was used for targeted mapping of the P. viticola resistance locus, Rpv14, to validate the marker position list. Based on the reference genome sequence PN40024, the position of this resistance locus can be narrowed down to less than 0.5 Mbp on chromosome 5.
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a partially phase separated genome sequence assembly of the Vitis rootstock borner Vitis riparia Vitis cinerea and its exploitation for marker development and targeted mapping
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Daniela Holtgräwe, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Thomas Rosleff Soerensen, Boas Pucker, Prisca Viehöver, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Grapevine breeding has become highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated Vitis vinifera. In modern breeding programs, therefore, genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci. Potential sources of resistance are wild species of American or Asian origin. The interspecific hybrid of Vitis riparia Gm 183 x Vitis cinerea Arnold, available as the rootstock cultivar 'Borner,' carries several relevant resistance loci. We applied next-generation sequencing to enable the reliable identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR), and we also generated a draft genome sequence assembly of 'Borner' to access genome-wide sequence variations in a comprehensive and highly reliable way. These data were used to cover the 'Borner' genome with genetic marker positions. A subset of these marker positions was used for targeted mapping of the P. viticola resistance locus, Rpv14, to validate the marker position list. Based on the reference genome sequence PN40024, the position of this resistance locus can be narrowed down to less than 0.5 Mbp on chromosome 5.
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A Partially Phase-Separated Genome Sequence Assembly of the Vitis Rootstock 'Börner' (Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea) and its Exploitation for Marker Development and Targeted Mapping
2019Co-Authors: Daniela Holtgräwe, Ludger Hausmann, Reinhard Töpfer, Thomas Rosleff Soerensen, Boas Pucker, Prisca Viehöver, Bernd WeisshaarAbstract:Grapevine breeding becomes highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated Vitis vinifera. Therefore, in modern breeding programs genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci. Potential sources of resistance are wild species of American or Asian origin. The interspecific hybrid of Vitis riparia Gm 183 x V. cinerea Arnold, available as the rootstock cultivar 9Borner9, carries several relevant resistance loci. We applied next generation sequencing to enable the reliable identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and also generated a draft genome sequence assembly of 9Borner9 to access genome wide sequence variations in a comprehensive and highly reliable way. These data were used to cover the 9Borner9 genome with genetic marker positions. A subset of these marker positions was used for targeted mapping of the P. viticola resistance locus, Rpv14, to validate the marker position list. Based on the reference genome sequence PN40024, the position of this resistance locus can be narrowed down to less than 0.5 Mbp on chromosome 5.
Eva Zyprian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A framework map from grapevine V3125 ( Vitis vinifera ‘Schiava grossa’ × ‘Riesling’) × rootstock cultivar ‘Börner’ ( Vitis riparia × Vitis cinerea ) to localize genetic determinants of phylloxera root resistance
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: Junke Zhang, Ludger Hausmann, Rudolf Eibach, Leocir José Welter, Reinhard Töpfer, Eva ZyprianAbstract:Grapevine rootstock cultivar ‘Borner’ is a hybrid of Vitis riparia and Vitis cinerea Arnold that shows high resistance to phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch). To localize the determinants of phylloxera root resistance, the susceptible grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera ‘Schiava grossa’ × ‘Riesling’) was crossed to ‘Borner’. Genetic framework maps were built from the progeny. 235 microsatellite markers were placed on the integrated parental map. They cover 1,155.98 cM on 19 linkage groups with an average marker distance of 4.8 cM. Phylloxera resistance was scored by counting nodosities after inoculation of the root system. Progeny plants were triplicated and experimentally infected in 2 years. A scan of the genetic maps indicated a quantitative trait locus on linkage group 13. This region was targeted by six microsatellite-type markers newly developed from the V. vinifera model genome sequence. Two of these appear closely linked to the trait, and can be useful for marker-assisted breeding.
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a framework map from grapevine v3125 Vitis vinifera schiava grossa riesling rootstock cultivar borner Vitis riparia Vitis cinerea to localize genetic determinants of phylloxera root resistance
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: Junke Zhang, Ludger Hausmann, Rudolf Eibach, Leocir José Welter, Reinhard Töpfer, Eva ZyprianAbstract:Grapevine rootstock cultivar ‘Borner’ is a hybrid of Vitis riparia and Vitis cinerea Arnold that shows high resistance to phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch). To localize the determinants of phylloxera root resistance, the susceptible grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera ‘Schiava grossa’ × ‘Riesling’) was crossed to ‘Borner’. Genetic framework maps were built from the progeny. 235 microsatellite markers were placed on the integrated parental map. They cover 1,155.98 cM on 19 linkage groups with an average marker distance of 4.8 cM. Phylloxera resistance was scored by counting nodosities after inoculation of the root system. Progeny plants were triplicated and experimentally infected in 2 years. A scan of the genetic maps indicated a quantitative trait locus on linkage group 13. This region was targeted by six microsatellite-type markers newly developed from the V. vinifera model genome sequence. Two of these appear closely linked to the trait, and can be useful for marker-assisted breeding.
