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Charles R Clement - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular-genetic analysis for validation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunt) landraces using RAPD markers
Científica, 2019Co-Authors: Cirlande Cabral Da Silva, Charles R Clement, Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, Spartaco Astolfi FilhoAbstract:Numerous landraces of peach palm ( Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes ) have been described in the Neotropics and are conserved in a genebank of INPA. We used RAPD markers to analyze the genetic diversity of eight peach palm landraces and two wild populations. Eight primers generated 124 markers; 101 markers were polymorphic (81.5 %). Observed heterozygosity was 0.38 and polymorphism was 93 %, both slightly higher than in previous studies. Amazonian landraces presented high heterozygosity (0.30) and a percentage of polymorphism (87,8 %) similar to Central American landraces (0.29 and 83,5 %, respectively), different from previous studies, which found Central American landraces to have lower values than Amazonian landraces. The structure of the dendrogram with Nei’s genetic distance was similar to that of previous studies, with minor differences. The two wild populations were grouped far from the landraces, suggesting that they did not participate in the domestication of the cultivated populations.
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aspectos taxonomicos relativos al pejibaye Bactris gasipaes h b k
Revista De Biologia Tropical, 2016Co-Authors: Jorge Mora Urpi, Charles R ClementAbstract:The controversial status of the genera Guillielma and Bactris under both of which the pejibaye palm ( Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) has been placed at one time or another is discussed briefly. It is still an open question if Guillielma should be maintained as some sort of a taxon. Also, a review is made of the names that at some time have been placed under Guillielma . Of the 14 specific names included under this genus, some are considered synonymous, some of these species probably lack enough affinity to be grouped together and it is very possible that other species exist which could be included in the genus and are not yet described. The possible hybrid origin of the cultivated pejibayes is al so briefly discussed.
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Leaf morphology of the Pejibaye palm ( Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.)
Revista De Biologia Tropical, 2016Co-Authors: Charles R Clement, Jorge Mora UrpiAbstract:This is a preliminary study of the Pejibaye ( Bactris gasipaes ) frond and begins with a general morphological description of the Icaf, complementing those already in existence. The data obtained from Central American Pejibayes show that the rachis length of their fronds is considerably longer than those recorded from Surinam populations and it is assumed that at least part of this difference has a genotypic background. It was also found, contrary to expectations, that the older fronds have a longer rachis than younger mature ones from the same trunk. This difference could be due to seasonal environmental factors such as variations in rainfall. The association of leaflets in groups, each leaflet having a different angle of insertion on the rachis within the group, gives a many-planed leaflet arrangement that may increase light-use efficiency. The groups are formed by a variable number of leaflets and consequently are not a reliable character for use as a descriptor. The many-planed arrangement fades in old fronds when drooping of the leaflets increases, obscuring the effect of the different angles of insertion. It was also found that assymetry exists between opposite sides of the same frond in regard to leaflet number and length. An assymetrical frond outline is evident on both sides of the frond. A larger leaflet number was found in the younger fronds when compared with the older ones from the same plant in spite of the longer rachis of the latter ones. This may indicate that even 12 year-old palms have not reached the maximum development of their fronds since it is assumed that leaflet number is less affected by environmental variations than rachis length.
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the trade off between genetic gain and conservation in a participatory improvement programme the case of peach palm Bactris gasipaes kunth
Forests trees and livelihoods, 2006Co-Authors: Jonathan P. Cornelius, Charles R Clement, J. C. Weber, C Sotelomontes, J Van Leeuwen, L J Ugarteguerra, A Ricsetembladera, Luis ArevalolopezAbstract:Finding an equilibrium between genetic resources conservation and genetic improvement can be difficult. The problem is explored in this paper, partly through a case study of a participatory improvement programme of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae), implemented in the Peruvian Amazon by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and the Peruvian National Institute for Agricultural Research and Extension (INIEA). Peach palm, which was originally domesticated by Amerindians, produces a range of useful substance and marketable products, but today the fruit and heart-of-palm are the principal products. The characteristics of the clients (subsistence smallholders and agro-industrial plantation companies) for these crops and those of the ICRAF-INIEA project are described, and the impact on genetic diversity of future management options is explored. This is followed by a wider discussion of the relationships between genetic gain and maintenance of genetic diversity for improvement, and their implications. The ICRAF-INIEA programme was designed to emphasize genetic conservation and timely germplasm delivery rather than genetic gain. The analysis presented here suggests that, with careful management, genetic diversity can be effectively conserved through 20 generations of improvement. Nevertheless, there is a fundamental conflict between genetic gain and genetic conservation. Consequently, no improvement programme can conserve all of the genetic diversity of a landrace or species and genetic resource management strategies must be developed to resolve these conflicts through explicit and informed decisions. Some such strategies, corresponding to different levels of emphasis on gain versus diversity, are presented.
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wild pejibaye Bactris gasipaes kunth var chichagui in southeastern amazonia
Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2005Co-Authors: Joao Batista F Da Silva, Charles R ClementAbstract:The geographical distribution and morpho-genetic variation of wild and domesticated populations of a crop species are essential information for identifying a center of origin. The pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is the only domesticated neotropical palm, whose starchy-oily fruits are subsistence products and whose heart-of-palm is an expanding agribusiness. The origin of pejibaye is unresolved, but probably will be found in the distribution of type 1 B. gasipaes var. chichagui in southwestern Amazonia. A new area of occurrence of this type is reported around Sao Felix do Xingu, Para, Brazil, 52°41' W 6°34' S, about 600 km northeast of the eastern-most known population, in central Mato Grosso, Brazil. The plants of this population are slightly less robust than other type 1 plants and have small fruit bunches (60-70 fruit), small fruit (0.45 g and 10 by 9 mm) and seed (0.23 g and 6.5 by 7.4 mm), all smaller than previous descriptions. Although this find is disjunct from earlier reports, it is unlikely that other populations are absent between it and central Mato Grosso, expanding type 1 var. chichagui's distribution by 30% and redefining it as a typical element of the transition between humid and semi-humid forests across southern Amazonia, rather than an Andean element expanding into the region.
Miguel Pedro Guerra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advances and constraints in somatic embryogenesis of Araucaria angustifolia, Acca sellowiana, and Bactris gasipaes
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2020Co-Authors: Valdir Marcos Stefenon, Joseph Francis Ree, Marcos Vinicius Marques Pinheiro, Daniela Goeten, Neusa Steiner, Miguel Pedro GuerraAbstract:Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a useful biotechnological tool to promote the conservation of plant genetic resources. Araucaria angustifolia, Acca sellowiana, and Bactris gasipaes are forest species with recognized ecological, cultural, and economic importance in the subtropical Atlantic Forest and the tropical Amazon Forest. SE protocols have been studied for these three species for more than 30 years. Despite the advances obtained during this time, some drawbacks remain. Here we reviewed and discussed the advancements and continuing constraints in the SE of these species, pointing out the more successful procedures. Further, we highlight several of the most pressing issues remaining in the SE protocols for each species. Further development of these protocols will aid in the conservation of these three species. Advances and drawbacks of the SE in three forest species of the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon Forest are discussed. Perspectives for overpassing the main shortcomings are presented.
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Physiological and biochemical features of embryogenic and non-embryogenic peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) cultures
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2017Co-Authors: Maria Carolina Andrade Nascimento-gavioli, Joseph Francis Ree, Neusa Steiner, Gabriela Claudia Cangahuala-inocente, Douglas Steinmacher, Miguel Pedro GuerraAbstract:Both embryogenic and non-embryogenic peach palm ( Bactris gasipaes Kunth) cultures arise during somatic embryogenesis induction, and both tissue types are often observed growing side-by-side from the same explant. To better understand why this occurs, samples from each tissue type were analyzed for their endogenous concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), polyamines, and amino acids with high-performance liquid chromatography and for total phenolics with spectrophotometry. Embryogenic cultures contained significantly higher concentrations of IAA, ABA, and total amino acids, whereas non-embryogenic tissue contained more total polyamines and phenolics. The greater IAA concentrations in embryogenic cultures supported the role of that hormone as a marker of embryogenic potential. Putrescine was especially prevalent in non-embryogenic cultures; however, the decreased putrescine/spermine + spermidine ratio in embryogenic cultures added support to the conclusions of previous studies in other species that this can serve as a marker of embryogenic competence. Though embryogenic cultures contained higher total amino acids, each culture type had different concentrations of specific amino acids.
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Peach-Palm (Bactris gasipaes) Using Different Explant Sources
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton N.J.), 2016Co-Authors: Douglas André Steinmacher, Angelo Schuabb Heringer, Víctor M. Jiménez, Marguerite Quoirin, Miguel Pedro GuerraAbstract:Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is a member of the family Arecaceae and is a multipurpose but underutilized species. Nowadays, fruit production for subsistence and local markets, and heart-of-palm production for local, national, and international markets are the most important uses of this plant. Conventional breeding programs in peach palm are long-term efforts due to the prolonged generation time, large plant size, difficulties with controlled pollination and other factors. Although it is a caespitose palm, its propagation is currently based on seeds, as off-shoots are difficult to root. Hence, tissue culture techniques are considered to be the most likely strategy for efficient clonal plantlet regeneration of this species. Among various techniques, somatic embryogenesis offers the advantages of potential automated large-scale production and putative genetic stability of the regenerated plantlets. The induction of somatic embryogenesis in peach palm can be achieved by using different explant sources including zygotic embryos, immature inflorescences and thin cell layers from the young leaves and shoot meristems. The choice of a particular explant depends on whether clonal propagation is desired or not, as well as on the plant conditions and availability of explants. Protocols to induce and express somatic embryogenesis from different peach palm explants, up to acclimatization of plantlets, are described in this chapter.
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improved high efficiency protocol for somatic embryogenesis in peach palm Bactris gasipaes kunth using rita temporary immersion system
Scientia Horticulturae, 2014Co-Authors: Angelo Schuabb Heringer, Douglas André Steinmacher, Víctor M. Jiménez, Marguerite Quoirin, Hugo Pacheco De Freitas Fraga, Leila Do Nascimento Vieira, Tiago Montagna, Liliana Alexandra Pila Quinga, Miguel Pedro GuerraAbstract:Abstract Bactris gasipaes Kunth (Arecaceae) is an Amazonian palm cultivated mainly for the production of fruits and heart of palm. Biotechnological tools based on somatic embryogenesis (SE) can be used for improvement and germplasm conservation of this species. The efficiency of different culture systems and culture medium composition were evaluated to optimize the efficiency of SE. The study also evaluated global DNA methylation levels, total protein and starch contents, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. The RITA® bioreactor showed enhanced multiplication of somatic embryos with increased protein, starch levels and ADH activity. Furthermore, a low DNA global methylation rate (27.52%) was observed, suggesting its relationship with the expression of proteins associated with the maturation of somatic embryos and their subsequent conversion to plantlets. Somatic embryo maturation was successfully achieved on Petri dishes and abscisic acid (ABA) supplementation in the culture medium. Chlorophyll pigmented somatic embryos were obtained in Petri dishes containing PGR-free culture medium, and RITA® provided the greatest number of plantlets to be acclimatized after reaching 6–7 cm in length. In the acclimatization step, the best results were obtained with plantlets derived from RITA® after reaching 6–7 cm in length. These new findings shed light on the importance of defining adequate culture systems for different steps of in vitro regenerative protocols and represent a breakthrough in the in vitro morphogenesis process of peach palm, resulting in a large number of somatic plantlets with enhanced physiological and morphological features.
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Survival and ultrastructural features of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes, Kunth) somatic embryos submitted to cryopreservation through vitrification
Protoplasma, 2013Co-Authors: Angelo Schuabb Heringer, Douglas André Steinmacher, Éder Carlos Schmidt, Zenilda Laurita Bouzon, Miguel Pedro GuerraAbstract:Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae), also known as peach palm, was domesticated by Amazonian Indians and is cultivated for its fruit and heart-of-palm, a vegetable grown in the tree’s inner core. Currently, the conservation of this species relies on in situ conditions and field gene banks. Complementary conservation strategies, such as those based on in vitro techniques, are indicated in such cases. To establish an appropriate cryopreservation protocol, this study aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural features of B . gasipaes embryogenic cultures submitted to vitrification and subsequent cryogenic temperatures. Accordingly, somatic embryo clusters were submitted to Plant Vitrification Solution 3 (PVS3). In general, cells submitted to PVS3 had viable cell characteristics associated with apparently many mitochondria, prominent nucleus, and preserved cell walls. Cells not incubated in PVS3 did not survive after the cryogenic process in liquid nitrogen. The best incubation time for the vitrification technique was 240 min, resulting in a survival rate of 37 %. In these cases, several features were indicative of quite active cell metabolism, including intact nuclei and preserved cell walls, an apparently many of mitochondria and lipid bodies, and the presence of many starch granules and condensed chromatin. Moreover, ultrastructure analysis revealed that overall cellular structures had been preserved after cryogenic treatment, thus validating the use of vitrification in conjunction with cryopreservation of peach palm elite genotypes, as well as wild genotypes, which carry a rich pool of genes that must be conserved.
Eliete Vaz De ,faria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Avaliação do desempenho de latas de folha-de-flandres por meio da espectroscopia de impedancia eletroquimica e do acompanhamento da estocagem de palmito pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) enlatado
[s.n.], 2019Co-Authors: Eliete Vaz De ,fariaAbstract:Orientadores: Celia Marina de Alvarenga Freire, Emilia Emico Miya MoriTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: O desempenho de latas de folha-de-flandres com diferentes especificações no acondicionamento de palmito pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) foi avaliado por meio da aplicação da técnica de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) e do acompanhamento da estocagem a 35°C e à temperatura ambiente do produto enlatado. Parâmetros físicos, metais dissolvidos no produto, aspecto visual interno das embalagens e a qualidade sensorial do produto foram monitorados durante a estocagem, buscando-se correlacionar o teor de ferro que se incorpora ao produto como conseqüência dos processos corrosivos que se estabelecem, com a percepção do sabor metálico no produto. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a EIS é capaz de prever diferenças no desempenho de diferentes especificações de materiais de embalagem no que diz respeito ao teor de metais que se dissolvem e niveis de corrosão que se estabelecem, identificando diferenças nos mecanismos de corrosão que se desenvolvem durante a estocagem. A concentração de ferro no palmito pupunha que causa reconhecimento do sabor metálico foi definida na faixa de 37 mglkg a 73 mglkg. Foram obtidas boas correlações entre a qualidade sensorial do produto e o teor de ferro para a estocagem a 35°C, mas não à temperatura ambiente. Nesta condição, o aspecto visual da embalagem torna-se o fator limitante da vida útil do produtoAbstract: The performance of different tinplate cans for pupunha hearts of palm (Bactris gasipaes) was evaluated by means of electrochemica1 impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and storage tests of the canned product at 3SoC and at room temperature. The storage was monitored concerning physica1 parameters, dissolved metais into the product, internal can corrosion examinations and sensory evaluation of the product, aiming to correlate the iron concentration into the product with the perception of metallic taste. From the obtained results one can conclude that the EIS could inform in advance the different performance of the cans with different material specifications relating to the corrosion level and corrosion mechanisms. The iron concentration in the product that causes a recognition of a metallic taste was defined in the range of 37 mg!kg to 73 mg!kg. Good correlation was found between sensory quality and iron concentration for the storage at 3 SOC, but not at room temperature, for which the visual appearance resulted ITom corrosion process become the critica1 factorDoutoradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoDoutor em Engenharia Mecânic
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Avaliação do desempenho de latas de folha-de-flandres por meio da espectroscopia de impedancia eletroquimica e do acompanhamento da estocagem de palmito pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) enlatado
2017Co-Authors: Eliete Vaz De ,fariaAbstract:Resumo: O desempenho de latas de folha-de-flandres com diferentes especificações no acondicionamento de palmito pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) foi avaliado por meio da aplicação da técnica de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) e do acompanhamento da estocagem a 35°C e à temperatura ambiente do produto enlatado. Parâmetros físicos, metais dissolvidos no produto, aspecto visual interno das embalagens e a qualidade sensorial do produto foram monitorados durante a estocagem, buscando-se correlacionar o teor de ferro que se incorpora ao produto como conseqüência dos processos corrosivos que se estabelecem, com a percepção do sabor metálico no produto. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a EIS é capaz de prever diferenças no desempenho de diferentes especificações de materiais de embalagem no que diz respeito ao teor de metais que se dissolvem e niveis de corrosão que se estabelecem, identificando diferenças nos mecanismos de corrosão que se desenvolvem durante a estocagem. A concentração de ferro no palmito pupunha que causa reconhecimento do sabor metálico foi definida na faixa de 37 mglkg a 73 mglkg. Foram obtidas boas correlações entre a qualidade sensorial do produto e o teor de ferro para a estocagem a 35°C, mas não à temperatura ambiente. Nesta condição, o aspecto visual da embalagem torna-se o fator limitante da vida útil do produtoAbstract: The performance of different tinplate cans for pupunha hearts of palm (Bactris gasipaes) was evaluated by means of electrochemica1 impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and storage tests of the canned product at 3SoC and at room temperature. The storage was monitored concerning physica1 parameters, dissolved metais into the product, internal can corrosion examinations and sensory evaluation of the product, aiming to correlate the iron concentration into the product with the perception of metallic taste. From the obtained results one can conclude that the EIS could inform in advance the different performance of the cans with different material specifications relating to the corrosion level and corrosion mechanisms. The iron concentration in the product that causes a recognition of a metallic taste was defined in the range of 37 mg!kg to 73 mg!kg. Good correlation was found between sensory quality and iron concentration for the storage at 3 SOC, but not at room temperature, for which the visual appearance resulted ITom corrosion process become the critica1 facto
Jorge Mora Urpi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aspectos taxonomicos relativos al pejibaye Bactris gasipaes h b k
Revista De Biologia Tropical, 2016Co-Authors: Jorge Mora Urpi, Charles R ClementAbstract:The controversial status of the genera Guillielma and Bactris under both of which the pejibaye palm ( Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) has been placed at one time or another is discussed briefly. It is still an open question if Guillielma should be maintained as some sort of a taxon. Also, a review is made of the names that at some time have been placed under Guillielma . Of the 14 specific names included under this genus, some are considered synonymous, some of these species probably lack enough affinity to be grouped together and it is very possible that other species exist which could be included in the genus and are not yet described. The possible hybrid origin of the cultivated pejibayes is al so briefly discussed.
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Leaf morphology of the Pejibaye palm ( Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.)
Revista De Biologia Tropical, 2016Co-Authors: Charles R Clement, Jorge Mora UrpiAbstract:This is a preliminary study of the Pejibaye ( Bactris gasipaes ) frond and begins with a general morphological description of the Icaf, complementing those already in existence. The data obtained from Central American Pejibayes show that the rachis length of their fronds is considerably longer than those recorded from Surinam populations and it is assumed that at least part of this difference has a genotypic background. It was also found, contrary to expectations, that the older fronds have a longer rachis than younger mature ones from the same trunk. This difference could be due to seasonal environmental factors such as variations in rainfall. The association of leaflets in groups, each leaflet having a different angle of insertion on the rachis within the group, gives a many-planed leaflet arrangement that may increase light-use efficiency. The groups are formed by a variable number of leaflets and consequently are not a reliable character for use as a descriptor. The many-planed arrangement fades in old fronds when drooping of the leaflets increases, obscuring the effect of the different angles of insertion. It was also found that assymetry exists between opposite sides of the same frond in regard to leaflet number and length. An assymetrical frond outline is evident on both sides of the frond. A larger leaflet number was found in the younger fronds when compared with the older ones from the same plant in spite of the longer rachis of the latter ones. This may indicate that even 12 year-old palms have not reached the maximum development of their fronds since it is assumed that leaflet number is less affected by environmental variations than rachis length.
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anatomia micrografica del foliolo de la palma neotropical Bactris gasipaes arecaceae
Revista De Biologia Tropical, 2007Co-Authors: Francisco Paulo Chaimsohn, Mayra Montiel, Enrique Villalobos, Jorge Mora UrpiAbstract:Se estudiaron hojas de plantas jovenes cultivadas para produccion de palmito de la variedad Diamantes 10 de ascendencia del Alto Amazonas. Se estudio la anatomia micrografica foliar y la frecuencia de estomas en la superficie adaxial y abaxial de los foliolos de Bactris gasipaes provenientes de una plantacion experimental en un regimen de fertilizacion quimica y una densidad de poblacion de 5000 plantas por hectarea, en Guapiles, Costa Rica. Se confirmo la presencia de rafidios y celulas buliformes en la superficie abaxial de las laminas foliares y del tejido hipodermico en ambos lados. Confirmamos la ausencia de la anatomia Krantz en esta especie, reafirmando la fotosintesis C3 como mecanismo metabolico en la familia Palmaceae. La densidad promedio de estomas en la superficie abaxial fue de 96,87±16,31 estomas.mm-2 y en la superficie adaxial fue de 14,20±4,05 estomas.mm-2.
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Diversidad genética y relaciones de parentesco de las poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes, Palmae), utilizando marcadores microsatelitales
Revista de biologia tropical, 2006Co-Authors: José Alfredo Hernández Ugalde, Jorge Mora Urpi, Oscar Rocha NuñezAbstract:Genetic diversity and kin relationships among wild and cultivated populations of the pejibaye palm (Bactris gasipaes, Palmae) using microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity of the peach palm (Pejibaye, Bactris gasipaes Kunth) was evaluated using four nuclear DNA microsatellites in an effort to elu- cidate the evolution and domestication of this crop. A total of 258 samples from seven wild populations and eleven races were analyzed. All loci were polymorphic and a total of 50 alleles were identified. Average genetic diversity (0.67) and genetic differentiation among populations (Fst=0.16) were high when all populations were considered. Genetic differentiation was lower when the populations were grouped according to their origin into Western and Eastern populations (Fst=0.13 for both). Gene flow was slightly higher among Western popula- tions (Nm=1.71) than among Eastern populations (Nm=1.62). The Putumayo, Yurimaguas, vaupes, Tucurrique and Guatuso races seem to have been subjected to intense human selection. Hybrid populations exist in Azuero, Tuira, Cauca, vaupes, Puerto Ayacucho and Solimoes, probably resulting from exchange and introgressions among sympatric wild and cultivated populations. Genetic distance (Dm) was estimated to determine the degree of relationship among populations using the neighbor-joining method; the wild populations from Maracaibo were used as the outgroup. The populations were divided into three general groups: Maracaibo (B. caribaea, B. macana var veragua and B. macana var arapuey), Eastern Amazon (Tembe, Para and Acre) and a third group with two subgroups, Western (Azuero, Chontilla, Tuira, Cauca, Tucurrique and Guatuso) and Upper Amazon (B. dahlgreniana, Puerto Ayacucho, Solimoes, vaupes and Putumayo). The genetic relationships strongly sup- port the hypothesis that peach palm was brought into cultivation independently in no less than three areas: the Western Andes (extending into lower Central America); Upper Amazon (extending into the Solimoes and its tributaries), and the Eastern Amazon (extending from Bolivia to the lower Amazon through the Madeira River). Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (1): 217-245. Epub 2008 March 31.
Doriane Picanço Rodrigues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular-genetic analysis for validation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunt) landraces using RAPD markers
Científica, 2019Co-Authors: Cirlande Cabral Da Silva, Charles R Clement, Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, Spartaco Astolfi FilhoAbstract:Numerous landraces of peach palm ( Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes ) have been described in the Neotropics and are conserved in a genebank of INPA. We used RAPD markers to analyze the genetic diversity of eight peach palm landraces and two wild populations. Eight primers generated 124 markers; 101 markers were polymorphic (81.5 %). Observed heterozygosity was 0.38 and polymorphism was 93 %, both slightly higher than in previous studies. Amazonian landraces presented high heterozygosity (0.30) and a percentage of polymorphism (87,8 %) similar to Central American landraces (0.29 and 83,5 %, respectively), different from previous studies, which found Central American landraces to have lower values than Amazonian landraces. The structure of the dendrogram with Nei’s genetic distance was similar to that of previous studies, with minor differences. The two wild populations were grouped far from the landraces, suggesting that they did not participate in the domestication of the cultivated populations.
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Molecular marker-mediated validation of morphologically defined landraces of Pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) and their phylogenetic relationships
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, Spartaco Astolfi Filho, Charles R ClementAbstract:RAPD markers were used to evaluate the genetic variability and structure of seven morphologically defined landraces of pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) to determine their validity and phylogenetic relationships. Two hundred and twenty plants of four Amazonian and three Central American landraces of var.gasipaes (the domesticate) and 30 plants of var.chichagui (H. Karsten) Henderson (the crop ancestor) maintained at the National Research Institute for Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, were utilized. Eight RAPD primers yielded 113 markers, with good reproducibility, of which 97 were polymorphic. The four Amazonian landraces had an average heterozygosity of 0.30, with 86% polymorphism, greater than the Central American landraces (0.25; 74.3%) and var.chichagui (0.27; 80%). Among landrace genetic diversity (GST) was 15%, while within (Hs) was 85%, essentially equivalent to the AMOVA within (82.2%) and among (17.8%) variances. The Jaccard similarities, PCA, gene flow coefficients and Exact tests suggested that only one landrace exists in Central America, called Utilis after the first taxon described there, and that the Solimoes landrace is part of the Putumayo landrace, rather than a separate entity. The Para and Pampa Hermosa landraces were validated in accordance with their morphometric interpretations. The dendrogram of Nei’s genetic distances among valid landraces and var.chichagui supported the hypothesis of a single origin for pejibaye in southwestern Amazonia, with two migration routes: one to the northeast, becoming the Para landrace, and another to the northwest along the Andes, spreading into western Amazonia (Pampa Hermosa and Putumayo landraces) and across the Andes, reaching Central America (Utilis landrace).
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Novel microsatellite markers for Bactris gasipaes (Palmae)
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2004Co-Authors: Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, C. C. Vinson, A. Y. Ciampi, Izeni Pires Farias, Maristerra R. Lemes, Spartaco Astolfi-filho, Charles R ClementAbstract:Ten new polymorphic microsatellites were isolated and characterized in Bactris gasipaes using a microsatellite enrichment protocol and selective hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. The loci are highly polymorphic, with a mean of 14.6 alleles per locus and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.83 among 62 individuals of the Pampa Hermosa landrace. These microsatellites will be useful for population genetic analysis and germplasm characterization for heart-of-palm breeding.
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use of aflps to distinguish landraces of pejibaye Bactris gasipaes in brazilian amazonia
Scientia Agricola, 2002Co-Authors: Charles R Clement, Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, N R Sousa, Spartaco Astolfifilho, Yolanda Nunez Moreno, Vicente Torres Pascual, Francisco Javier Gallego RodriguezAbstract:Os primeiros povos da Amazonia ocidental domesticaram a pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) por seu fruto, embora hoje seja muito plantada por seu palmito. Como outros cultivos domesticados, a pupunha apresenta uma hierarquia complexa de racas primitivas criadas antes da conquista das Americas. A existencia de tres racas (Para, Solimoes, Putumayo) foi proposta ao longo dos rios Amazonas e Solimoes, Brasil, com base em caracteristicas morfologicas. Algumas duvidas existem sobre a raca intermediaria, pois podia ser um artefato da analise morfometrica. AFLPs foram usados para avaliar as relacoes entre amostras destas racas hipoteticas. DNA foi extraido de 99 plantas representando 13 populacoes mantidas no Banco de Germoplasma de Pupunha, Manaus, AM; seis combinacoes de 'primers' geraram 245 marcadores via PCR, que foram codificados num sequenciador ABI Prism 310 e analisados com o programa GeneScan; similaridades de Jaccard foram estimadas e um dendrograma foi criado com UPGMA. Dois grupos de plantas foram observados no dendrograma, em lugar de tres, com similaridade de 0,795. Cada grupo continha dois subgrupos, similares a 0,815. Um grupo (n=41) continha 73% de plantas da raca Para, com um subgrupo (n=22) contendo 91% Para e o outro (n=19) contendo 53% Para. O outro grupo (n=58) continha 53% de plantas da raca Solimoes e 40% da Putumayo, com um subgrupo (n=21) contendo 52% Solimoes e 43% Putumayo, e o outro (n=35) contendo 57% Solimoes e 37% Putumayo. O primeiro grupo confirmou a raca Para, mas o segundo grupo sugeriu que a raca Solimoes nao existe; em lugar desta raca, a raca Putumayo se extende ao longo do rio Solimoes ate a Amazonia Central.
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discriminacao de racas primitivas de pupunha Bactris gasipaes na amazonia brasileira por meio de marcadores moleculares rapds
Acta Amazonica, 2001Co-Authors: N R Sousa, Charles R Clement, Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, Eduardo O Nagao, Spartaco AstolfifilhoAbstract:The pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) was domesticated for it fruits by the first peoples of western Amazonia. Consequently it exhibits a landrace complex that has been partially characterized morphologically and mapped. Along the Amazonas and Solimoes Rivers, in Brazil, three landraces have been proposed [Para (Amazonas River), Solimoes (lower and middle Solimoes River), Putumayo (upper Solimoes River)], with indications that the Solimoes landrace could be an artifact of the morphometric analysis. RAPD markers were used to evaluate the three landrace hypothesis. DNA was extracted from 30 plants of each landrace maintained in the Pejibaye germplasm bank, Manaus, AM, Brazil. During PCR amplification, 8 primers generated 80 markers, Jaccard similarities were estimated, the plants were grouped with UPGMA. The dendrogram contained 2 large groups that joined at a similarity of 0.535: the group of the Para landrace contained 26 plants of this race, 5 of the Putumayo and 1 of the Solimoes; the group of the Solimoes River contained 29 plants of the Solimoes race, 19 of the Putumayo and 1 of the Para. The structure of the second group suggested that there is only one landrace along the Solimoes River, since the plants were mixed in sub-groups without apparent order. This marker-based genetic analysis did not support the three landrace hypothesis and suggests that the Putumayo landrace extends along the Solimoes River to central Amazonia. Genetic and morphological data must now be used to evaluate this new hypothesis.
