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Ibrahim T. Ozbolat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3d Bioprinting of carbohydrazide modified gelatin into microparticle suspended oxidized alginate for the fabrication of complex shaped tissue constructs
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020Co-Authors: Veli Ozbolat, Bugra Ayan, Madhuri Dey, Dong Nyoung Heo, Mecit Altan Alioglu, Youngnam Kang, Ibrahim T. OzbolatAbstract:Extrusion-based Bioprinting of hydrogels in a granular secondary gel enables the fabrication of cell-laden three-dimensional (3D) constructs in an anatomically accurate manner, which is challenging using conventional extrusion-based Bioprinting processes. In this study, carbohydrazide-modified gelatin (Gel-CDH) was synthesized and deposited into a new multifunctional support bath consisting of gelatin microparticles suspended in an oxidized alginate (OAlg) solution. During extrusion, Gel-CDH and OAlg were rapidly cross-linked because of the Schiff base formation between aldehyde groups of OAlg and amino groups of Gel-CDH, which has not been demonstrated in the domain of 3D Bioprinting before. Rheological results indicated that hydrogels with lower OAlg to Gel-CDH ratios possessed superior mechanical rigidity. Different 3D geometrically intricate constructs were successfully created upon the determination of optimal Bioprinting parameters. Human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were also bioprinted at physiologically relevant cell densities. The presented study has offered a novel strategy for Bioprinting of natural polymer-based hydrogels into 3D complex-shaped biomimetic constructs, which eliminated the need for cytotoxic supplements as external cross-linkers or additional cross-linking processes, therefore expanding the availability of bioinks.
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3D Bioprinting for drug discovery and development in pharmaceutics
Acta Biomaterialia, 2017Co-Authors: Weijie Peng, Veli Ozbolat, Bugra Ayan, Donna Sosnoski, Pallab Datta, Ibrahim T. OzbolatAbstract:Successful launch of a commercial drug requires significant investment of time and financial resources wherein late-stage failures become a reason for catastrophic failures in drug discovery. This calls for infusing constant innovations in technologies, which can give reliable prediction of efficacy, and more importantly, toxicology of the compound early in the drug discovery process before clinical trials. Though computational advances have resulted in more rationale in silico designing, in vitro experimental studies still require gaining industry confidence and improving in vitro-in vivo correlations. In this quest, due to their ability to mimic the spatial and chemical attributes of native tissues, three-dimensional (3D) tissue models have now proven to provide better results for drug screening compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) models. However, in vitro fabrication of living tissues has remained a bottleneck in realizing the full potential of 3D models. Recent advances in Bioprinting provide a valuable tool to fabricate biomimetic constructs, which can be applied in different stages of drug discovery research. This paper presents the first comprehensive review of Bioprinting techniques applied for fabrication of 3D tissue models for pharmaceutical studies. A comparative evaluation of different Bioprinting modalities is performed to assess the performance and ability of fabricating 3D tissue models for pharmaceutical use as the critical selection of Bioprinting modalities indeed plays a crucial role in efficacy and toxicology testing of drugs and accelerates the drug development cycle. In addition, limitations with current tissue models are discussed thoroughly and future prospects of the role of Bioprinting in pharmaceutics are provided to the reader. Statement of Significance Present advances in tissue biofabrication have crucial role to play in aiding the pharmaceutical development process achieve its objectives. Advent of three-dimensional (3D) models, in particular, is viewed with immense interest by the community due to their ability to mimic in vivo hierarchical tissue architecture and heterogeneous composition. Successful realization of 3D models will not only provide greater in vitro-in vivo correlation compared to the two-dimensional (2D) models, but also eventually replace pre-clinical animal testing, which has their own shortcomings. Amongst all fabrication techniques, Bioprinting- comprising all the different modalities (extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based Bioprinting), is emerging as the most viable fabrication technique to create the biomimetic tissue constructs. Notwithstanding the interest in Bioprinting by the pharmaceutical development researchers, it can be seen that there is a limited availability of comparative literature which can guide the proper selection of Bioprinting processes and associated considerations, such as the bioink selection for a particular pharmaceutical study. Thus, this work emphasizes these aspects of Bioprinting and presents them in perspective of differential requirements of different pharmaceutical studies like in vitro predictive toxicology, high-throughput screening, drug delivery and tissue-specific efficacies. Moreover, since Bioprinting techniques are mostly applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, a comparative analysis of similarities and differences are also expounded to help researchers make informed decisions based on contemporary literature.
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Bioprinting for vascular and vascularized tissue biofabrication
Acta Biomaterialia, 2017Co-Authors: Pallab Datta, Bugra Ayan, Ibrahim T. OzbolatAbstract:Bioprinting is a promising technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision. Bioprinting enables the deposition of various biologics including growth factors, cells, genes, neo-tissues and extra-cellular matrix-like hydrogels. Benefits of Bioprinting have started to make a mark in the fields of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and pharmaceutics. Specifically, in the field of tissue engineering, the creation of vascularized tissue constructs has remained a principal challenge till date. However, given the myriad advantages over other biofabrication methods, it becomes organic to expect that Bioprinting can provide a viable solution for the vascularization problem, and facilitate the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs. This article provides a comprehensive account of Bioprinting of vascular and vascularized tissue constructs. The review is structured as introducing the scope of Bioprinting in tissue engineering applications, key vascular anatomical features and then a thorough coverage of 3D Bioprinting using extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based Bioprinting for fabrication of vascular tissue constructs. The review then provides the reader with the use of Bioprinting for obtaining thick vascularized tissues using sacrificial bioink materials. Current challenges are discussed, a comparative evaluation of different Bioprinting modalities is presented and future prospects are provided to the reader. Statement of Significance Biofabrication of living tissues and organs at the clinically-relevant volumes vitally depends on the integration of vascular network. Despite the great progress in traditional biofabrication approaches, building perfusable hierarchical vascular network is a major challenge. Bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision, which holds a great promise in fabrication of vascular or vascularized tissues for transplantation use. Although a great progress has recently been made on building perfusable tissues and branched vascular network, a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art in vascular and vascularized tissue Bioprinting has not reported so far. This contribution is thus significant because it discusses the use of three major Bioprinting modalities in vascular tissue biofabrication for the first time in the literature and compares their strengths and limitations in details. Moreover, the use of scaffold-based and scaffold-free Bioprinting is expounded within the domain of vascular tissue fabrication.
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Application areas of 3D Bioprinting
Drug Discovery Today, 2016Co-Authors: Ibrahim T. Ozbolat, Weijie Peng, Veli OzbolatAbstract:Three dimensional (3D) Bioprinting has been a powerful tool in patterning and precisely placing biologics, including living cells, nucleic acids, drug particles, proteins and growth factors, to recapitulate tissue anatomy, biology and physiology. Since the first time of cytoscribing cells demonstrated in 1986, Bioprinting has made a substantial leap forward, particularly in the past 10 years, and it has been widely used in fabrication of living tissues for various application areas. The technology has been recently commercialized by several emerging businesses, and bioprinters and bioprinted tissues have gained significant interest in medicine and pharmaceutics. This Keynote review presents the Bioprinting technology and covers a first-time comprehensive overview of its application areas from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to pharmaceutics and cancer research.
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A comprehensive review on droplet-based Bioprinting: Past, present and future
Biomaterials, 2016Co-Authors: Hemanth Gudapati, Madhuri Dey, Ibrahim T. OzbolatAbstract:Droplet-based Bioprinting (DBB) offers greater advantages due to its simplicity and agility with precise control on deposition of biologics including cells, growth factors, genes, drugs and biomaterials, and has been a prominent technology in the Bioprinting community. Due to its immense versatility, DBB technology has been adopted by various application areas, including but not limited to, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, transplantation and clinics, pharmaceutics and high-throughput screening, and cancer research. Despite the great benefits, the technology currently faces several challenges such as a narrow range of available bioink materials, Bioprinting-induced cell damage at substantial levels, limited mechanical and structural integrity of bioprinted constructs, and restrictions on the size of constructs due to lack of vascularization and porosity. This paper presents a first-time review of DBB and comprehensively covers the existing DBB modalities including inkjet, electrohydrodynamic, acoustic, and micro-valve Bioprinting. The recent notable studies are highlighted, the relevant bioink biomaterials and bioprinters are expounded, the application areas are presented, and the future prospects are provided to the reader.
Ali Khademhosseini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In situ three-dimensional printing for reparative and regenerative therapy
Biomedical Microdevices, 2019Co-Authors: Nureddin Ashammakhi, Shukai Hu, Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci, Serge Ostrovidov, Samad Ahadian, Ippokratis Pountos, Nazzar Tellisi, Praveen Bandaru, Ali KhademhosseiniAbstract:Three-dimensional (3D) Bioprinting is an emerging biofabrication technology, driving many innovations and opening new avenues in regenerative therapeutics. The aim of 3D Bioprinting is to fabricate grafts in vitro, which can then be implanted in vivo . However, the tissue culture ex vivo carries safety risks and thereby complicated manufacturing equipment and practice are required for tissues to be implanted in the humans. The implantation of printed tissues also adds complexities due to the difficulty in maintaining the structural integrity of fabricated constructs. To tackle this challenge, the concept of in situ 3D Bioprinting has been suggested in which tissues are directly printed at the site of injury or defect. Such approach could be combined with cells freshly isolated from patients to produce custom-made grafts that resemble target tissue and fit precisely to target defects. Moreover, the natural cellular microenvironment in the body can be harnessed for tissue maturation resulting in the tissue regeneration and repair. Here, we discuss literature reports on in situ 3D printing and we describe future directions and challenges for in situ 3D Bioprinting. We expect that this novel technology would find great attention in different biomedical fields in near future.
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bioinks for 3d Bioprinting an overview
Biomaterials Science, 2018Co-Authors: Yu Shrike Zhang, Ali Khademhosseini, Selcan P Gungorozkerim, Ilyas Inci, Mehmet R DokmeciAbstract:Bioprinting is an emerging technology with various applications in making functional tissue constructs to replace injured or diseased tissues. It is a relatively new approach that provides high reproducibility and precise control over the fabricated constructs in an automated manner, potentially enabling high-throughput production. During the Bioprinting process, a solution of a biomaterial or a mixture of several biomaterials in the hydrogel form, usually encapsulating the desired cell types, termed the bioink, is used for creating tissue constructs. This bioink can be cross-linked or stabilized during or immediately after Bioprinting to generate the final shape, structure, and architecture of the designed construct. Bioinks may be made from natural or synthetic biomaterials alone, or a combination of the two as hybrid materials. In certain cases, cell aggregates without any additional biomaterials can also be adopted for use as a bioink for Bioprinting processes. An ideal bioink should possess proper mechanical, rheological, and biological properties of the target tissues, which are essential to ensure correct functionality of the bioprinted tissues and organs. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of the different bioinks currently employed for Bioprinting, and outline some future perspectives in their further development.
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4D Bioprinting: The next-generation technology for biofabrication enabled by stimuli-responsive materials
Biofabrication, 2017Co-Authors: Yi-chen Li, Su Ryon Shin, Ali Akpek, Yu Shrike Zhang, Ali KhademhosseiniAbstract:Four-dimensional (4D) Bioprinting, encompassing a wide range of disciplines including bioengineering, materials science, chemistry, and computer sciences, is emerging as the next-generation biofabrication technology. By utilizing stimuli-responsive materials and advanced three-dimensional (3D) Bioprinting strategies, 4D Bioprinting aims to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can transform their shapes or behavior under various stimuli. In this review, we highlight the potential use of various stimuli-responsive materials for 4D printing and their extension into biofabrication. We first discuss the state of the art and limitations associated with current 3D printing modalities and their transition into the inclusion of the additional time dimension. We then suggest the potential use of different stimuli-responsive biomaterials as the bioink that may achieve 4D Bioprinting where transformation of fabricated biological constructs can be realized. We finally conclude with future perspectives.
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Extrusion Bioprinting of Shear-Thinning Gelatin Methacryloyl Bioinks
Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Wanjun Liu, Marcel A. Heinrich, Yixiao Zhou, Zhe Zhong, Xiaofei Guan, Ning Hu, Ali Akpek, Xiangyu Jin, Xiao Liu, Ali KhademhosseiniAbstract:Bioprinting is an emerging technique for the fabrication of 3D cell-laden constructs. However, the progress for generating a 3D complex physiological microenvironment has been hampered by a lack of advanced cell-responsive bioinks that enable Bioprinting with high structural fidelity, particularly in the case of extrusion-based Bioprinting. Herein, this paper reports a novel strategy to directly bioprint cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) constructs using bioinks of GelMA physical gels (GPGs) achieved through a simple cooling process. Attributed to their shear-thinning and self-healing properties, the GPG bioinks can retain the shape and form integral structures after deposition, allowing for subsequent UV crosslinking for permanent stabilization. This paper shows the structural fidelity by Bioprinting various 3D structures that are typically challenging to fabricate using conventional bioinks under extrusion modes. Moreover, the use of the GPG bioinks enables direct Bioprinting of highly porous and soft constructs at relatively low concentrations (down to 3%) of GelMA. It is also demonstrated that the bioprinted constructs not only permit cell survival but also enhance cell proliferation as well as spreading at lower concentrations of the GPG bioinks. It is believed that such a strategy of Bioprinting will provide many opportunities in convenient fabrication of 3D cell-laden constructs for applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical screening.
Wanjun Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3d Bioprinting from benches to translational applications
Small, 2019Co-Authors: Marcel A. Heinrich, Wanjun Liu, Jingzhou Yang, Ali Akpek, Andrea Jimenez, Xiao LiuAbstract:Over the last decades, the fabrication of 3D tissues has become commonplace in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, conventional 3D biofabrication techniques such as scaffolding, microengineering, and fiber and cell sheet engineering are limited in their capacity to fabricate complex tissue constructs with the required precision and controllability that is needed to replicate biologically relevant tissues. To this end, 3D Bioprinting offers great versatility to fabricate biomimetic, volumetric tissues that are structurally and functionally relevant. It enables precise control of the composition, spatial distribution, and architecture of resulting constructs facilitating the recapitulation of the delicate shapes and structures of targeted organs and tissues. This Review systematically covers the history of Bioprinting and the most recent advances in instrumentation and methods. It then focuses on the requirements for bioinks and cells to achieve optimal fabrication of biomimetic constructs. Next, emerging evolutions and future directions of Bioprinting are discussed, such as freeform, high-resolution, multimaterial, and 4D Bioprinting. Finally, the translational potential of Bioprinting and bioprinted tissues of various categories are presented and the Review is concluded by exemplifying commercially available Bioprinting platforms.
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coaxial extrusion Bioprinting of 3d microfibrous constructs with cell favorable gelatin methacryloyl microenvironments
Biofabrication, 2018Co-Authors: Yixiao Zhou, Zhe Zhong, Wanjun Liu, Lucia Maggio, Amir K MiriAbstract:Bioinks with shear-thinning/rapid solidification properties and strong mechanics are usually needed for the Bioprinting of three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden constructs. As such, it remains challenging to generate soft constructs from bioinks at low concentrations that are favorable for cellular activities. Herein, we report a strategy to fabricate cell-laden constructs with tunable 3D microenvironments achieved by Bioprinting of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/alginate core/sheath microfibers, where the alginate sheath serves as a template to support and confine the GelMA pre-hydrogel in the core during the extrusion process, allowing for subsequent UV crosslinking. This novel strategy minimizes the Bioprinting requirements for the core bioink, and facilitates the fabrication of cell-laden GelMA constructs at low concentrations. We first showed the capability of generating various alginate hollow microfibrous constructs using a coaxial nozzle setup, and verified the diffusibility and perfusability of the bioprinted hollow structures that are important for the tissue engineering applications. More importantly, the hollow alginate microfibers were then used as templates for generating cell-laden GelMA constructs with soft microenvironments, by using GelMA pre-hydrogel as the bioink for the core phase during Bioprinting. As such, GelMA constructs at extremely low concentrations (<2.0%) could be extruded to effectively support cellular activities including proliferation and spreading for various cell types. We believe that our strategy is likely to provide broad opportunities in Bioprinting of 3D constructs with cell-favorable microenvironments for applications in tissue engineering and pharmaceutical screening.
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Extrusion Bioprinting of Shear-Thinning Gelatin Methacryloyl Bioinks
Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Wanjun Liu, Marcel A. Heinrich, Yixiao Zhou, Zhe Zhong, Xiaofei Guan, Ning Hu, Ali Akpek, Xiangyu Jin, Xiao Liu, Ali KhademhosseiniAbstract:Bioprinting is an emerging technique for the fabrication of 3D cell-laden constructs. However, the progress for generating a 3D complex physiological microenvironment has been hampered by a lack of advanced cell-responsive bioinks that enable Bioprinting with high structural fidelity, particularly in the case of extrusion-based Bioprinting. Herein, this paper reports a novel strategy to directly bioprint cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) constructs using bioinks of GelMA physical gels (GPGs) achieved through a simple cooling process. Attributed to their shear-thinning and self-healing properties, the GPG bioinks can retain the shape and form integral structures after deposition, allowing for subsequent UV crosslinking for permanent stabilization. This paper shows the structural fidelity by Bioprinting various 3D structures that are typically challenging to fabricate using conventional bioinks under extrusion modes. Moreover, the use of the GPG bioinks enables direct Bioprinting of highly porous and soft constructs at relatively low concentrations (down to 3%) of GelMA. It is also demonstrated that the bioprinted constructs not only permit cell survival but also enhance cell proliferation as well as spreading at lower concentrations of the GPG bioinks. It is believed that such a strategy of Bioprinting will provide many opportunities in convenient fabrication of 3D cell-laden constructs for applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical screening.
Fabien Guillemot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In situ printing of mesenchymal stromal cells, by laser-assisted Bioprinting, for in vivo bone regeneration applications
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Virginie Keriquel, Sylvain Catros, Hugo Oliveira, Sophia Ziane, Samantha Delmond, Fabien Guillemot, Benoit Rousseau, Murielle Rémy, Joëlle Amédée, Jean-christophe FricainAbstract:Bioprinting has emerged as a novel technological approach with the potential to address unsolved questions in the field of tissue engineering. We have recently shown that Laser Assisted Bioprinting (LAB), due to its unprecedented cell printing resolution and precision, is an attractive tool for the in situ printing of a bone substitute. Here, we show that LAB can be used for the in situ printing of mesenchymal stromal cells, associated with collagen and nano-hydroxyapatite, in order to favor bone regeneration, in a calvaria defect model in mice. Also, by testing different cell printing geometries, we show that different cellular arrangements impact on bone tissue regeneration. This work opens new avenues on the development of novel strategies, using in situ Bioprinting, for the building of tissues, from the ground up.
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Laser-assisted Bioprinting to deal with tissue complexity in regenerative medicine
MRS Bulletin, 2011Co-Authors: Fabien Guillemot, Aur??lien Fontaine, Virginie K??riquel, Murielle R??my, Bertrand Guillotin, Sylvain Catros, Jean-christophe Fricain, Reine Bareille, Muhammad Ali, Jo??lle Am??d??e-vilamitjanaAbstract:Laser-assisted Bioprinting is one among several technologies that are being developed in the recent and growing field of Bioprinting. Bioprinting is defined as the use of computer-aided transfer processes for patterning and assembling living and non-living materials with a prescribed 2D or 3D organization in order to produce bio-engineered structures serving in regenerative medicine, pharmacology, and basic cell biology studies. We describe the physical parameters that need to be tuned for laser-assisted Bioprinting of materials and cells, with high throughput and controlled printing resolution. We present its applications for printing cells and tissue-relevant biomaterials, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss how this technique may help in reproducing the local cell micro-environment and dealing with tissue complexity and heterogeneity for fabricating functional tissue-engineered 3D constructs.
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Bioprinting is coming of age: Report from the International Conference on Bioprinting and Biofabrication in Bordeaux (3B'09)
Biofabrication, 2010Co-Authors: Fabien Guillemot, Vladimir Mironov, Makoto NakamuraAbstract:The International Conference on Bioprinting and Biofabrication in Bordeaux (3B'09) demonstrated that the field of Bioprinting and biofabrication continues to evolve. The increasing number and broadening geography of participants, the emergence of new exciting Bioprinting technologies, and the attraction of young investigators indicates the strong growth potential of this emerging field. Bioprinting can be defined as the use of computer-aided transfer processes for patterning and assembling living and non-living materials with a prescribed 2D or 3D organization in order to produce bio-engineered structures serving in regenerative medicine, pharmacokinetic and basic cell biology studies. The use of Bioprinting technology for biofabrication of in vitro assay has been shown to be a realistic short-term application. At the same time, the principal feasibility of Bioprinting vascularized human organs as well as in vivo Bioprinting has been demonstrated. The Bioprinting of complex 3D human tissues and constructs in vitro and especially in vivo are exciting, but long-term, applications. It was decided that the 5th International Conference on Bioprinting and Biofabrication would be held in Philadelphia, USA in October 2010. The specially appointed 'Eploratory Committee' will consider the possibility of turning the growing Bioprinting community into a more organized entity by creating a new Bioprinting and biofabrication society. The new journal Biofabrication was also presented at 3B'09. This is an important milestone per se which provides additional objective evidence that the Bioprinting and biofabrication field is consolidating and maturing. Thus, it is safe to state that Bioprinting technology is coming of age.
Xiongbiao Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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indirect 3d Bioprinting and characterization of alginate scaffolds for potential nerve tissue engineering applications
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2019Co-Authors: Saman Naghieh, M D Sarker, Emily Abelseth, Xiongbiao ChenAbstract:Abstract Low-concentration hydrogels have favorable properties for many cell functions in tissue engineering but are considerably limited from a scaffold fabrication point of view due to poor three-dimensional (3D) printability. Here, we developed an indirect-Bioprinting process for alginate scaffolds and characterized the potential of these scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering applications. The indirect-Bioprinting process involves (1) printing a sacrificial framework from gelatin, (2) impregnating the framework with low-concentration alginate, and (3) removing the gelatin framework by an incubation process, thus forming low-concentration alginate scaffolds. The scaffolds were characterized by compression testing, swelling, degradation, and morphological and biological assessment of incorporated or seeded Schwann cells. For comparison, varying concentrations of alginate scaffolds (from 0.5% to 3%) were fabricated and sterilized using either ultraviolet light or ethanol. Results indicated that scaffolds can be fabricated using the indirect-Bioprinting process, wherein the scaffold properties are affected by the concentration of alginate and sterilization technique used. These factors provide effective means of regulating the properties of scaffolds fabricated using the indirect-Bioprinting process. Cell-incorporated scaffolds demonstrated better cell viability than bulk gels. In addition, scaffolds showed better cell functionality when fabricated with a lower concentration of alginate compared to a higher concentration. The indirect-Bioprinting process that we implemented could be extended to other types of low-concentration hydrogels to address the tradeoffs between printability and properties for favorable cell functions.
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3d Bioprinting of scaffolds with living schwann cells for potential nerve tissue engineering applications
Biofabrication, 2018Co-Authors: Liqun Ning, Tiphanie Lelong, Romain Guilloteau, David J. Schreyer, Xiongbiao ChenAbstract:Three-dimensional Bioprinting of biomaterials shows great potential for producing cell-encapsulated scaffolds to repair nerves after injury or disease. For this, preparation of biomaterials and Bioprinting itself are critical to create scaffolds with both biological and mechanical properties appropriate for nerve regeneration, yet remain unachievable. This paper presents our study on Bioprinting Schwann cell-encapsulated scaffolds using composite hydrogels of alginate, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and/or RGD peptide, for nerve tissue engineering applications. For the preparation of composite hydrogels, suitable hydrogel combinations were identified and prepared by adjusting the concentration of fibrin based on the morphological spreading of Schwann cells. In Bioprinting, the effects of various printing process parameters (including the air pressure for dispensing, dispensing head movement speed, and crosslinking conditions) on printed structures were investigated and, by regulating these parameters, mechanically-stable scaffolds with fully interconnected pores were printed. The performance of Schwann cells within the printed scaffolds were examined in terms of viability, proliferation, orientation, and ability to produce laminin. Our results show that the printed scaffolds can promote the alignment of Schwann cells inside scaffolds and thus provide haptotactic cues to direct the extension of dorsal root ganglion neurites along the printed strands, demonstrating their great potential for applications in the field of nerve tissue engineering.