The Experts below are selected from a list of 7038 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Paulo Michel Roehe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bovine Herpesvirus 4 in Parana State, Brazil: case report, viral isolation, and molecular identification.
    Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology], 2015
    Co-Authors: Ernesto Renato Krüger, Paulo Michel Roehe, Tania Regina Penha, Daura Regina Eira Stoffelo, Magda Clara Vieira Da Costa Ribeiro, Vanete Thomaz Soccol
    Abstract:

    Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a member of Gammaherpesvirinae sub-family and belongs to genus Rhadinovirus . This virus has been associated with different clinical manifestations and research activity has put forward a strong correlation among virus infection, postpartum metritis, and abortion. The goal of this work was to characterize a virus strain isolate from a cow’s uterine outflow. From swabs drawn of uterine secretion, a virus strain was isolated and characterized by its cytopathology, morphology, and molecular biology approaches. In culture there was CPE development, characterized mainly by long strands with several small balloons along them, radiated from infected cells. Electron microscopy analysis revealed virus particles that had icosahedrical capsid symmetry surrounded by a loose envelope, typical of a Herpesvirus. A 2,571 bp PCR product after Hind III digestion generated four fragments, whose base pair composition were 403, 420, 535, and 1,125 bp. Restriction enzymes Hind III and Bam HI generated the expected diagnostic bands as well as a 2,350 bp hypermolar fragment as a result of Bam HI treatment to demonstrate that agent was a Bovine Herpesvirus 4, appertaining to DN-599 group.

  • detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from brazilian bulls
    Theriogenology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Martha Trindade Oliveira, Ana Claudia Franco, F A M Rijsewijk, Fabricio Souza Campos, Marcelo Maronna Dias, F A Velho, Gustavo Eduardo Freneau, Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen De Brito, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are important pathogens of the respiratory and genital tract of cattle and may also affect the central nervous system and cause meningoencephalitis. Both virus types are estimated to be widely distributed in Southern Brazil. In the present study, BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 DNA were detected in Bovine semen samples from two states of Brazil by two species-specific nested polymerase chain reactions (nPCRs). These nPCRs were used to assay 53 samples of fresh semen and 23 samples of frozen semen from breeding bulls. Viral DNA was detected in all 76 semen samples: all were positive for BoHV-5, whereas 34 of these were positive for BoHV-1 as well. Moreover, in five fresh and in 13 frozen semen samples—of a total number of 40 samples suitable for virus isolation—infectious BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 virus were detected. In conclusion, that both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were detected in Bovine semen in Brazil highlighted the importance of examining bull semen in search for both agents to reduce the risk of transmitting these viruses.

  • cortical necrosis and cerebral atrophy in calves experimentally infected with Bovine Herpesvirus type 5
    Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2011
    Co-Authors: Fernando Rosado Spilki, Ana Claudia Franco, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Tamir Calcagnotto Da Silva, David Driemeier, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    Background: Bovine encephalitis Herpesvirus, or Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, is long recognized as the causative agent of Bovine Herpesvirus encephalitis. The disease caused by BoHV-5 is characterized by signs of nervous impairment, consequent to non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Although Bovine herpetic encephalitis is a rare event in herds from the Northern Hemisphere, BoHV-5 infections are an important cause of central nervous system disease in cattle in Brazil and Argentina. Recovery of animals from clinical illness has been documented before, both in naturally infected animals and experimentally infected individuals. Case: During an experiment of experimental inoculation of a virulent isolate of BoHV-5, clinical signs of neurological disease were detected in three out of four calves experimentally inoculated with Bovine encephalitis Herpesvirus (Bovine Herpesvirus type 5; BoHV-5; strain EVI88/95). Clinical signs varied from slight prostration (1 calf) to severe signs of nervous impairment which lasted from 3 to 14 days (in 2 calves) from the beginning of clinical signs to death. Despite the neurological signs, one of the calves with mild clinical signs recovered: on day 14 p.i, this animal showed apathy, bruxism, dysphagia, pressing of the head against the walls of the bay, hyper salivation, tongue paralysis, hypermetria, and transient blindness but the signs become gradually milder and the health status of the animal improved until day 21 p.i. Recovery was complete ten days after the development of clinical signs and no evident sequelae were noticed up to day 180 when the remaining calves were culled. At necropsy, the prominent macroscopical finding was a large atrophic area at the left frontal lobe of the cortex. Another atrophic area was evident on the parietal lobe, at the level of the mamillary bodies, revealing a yellow-orange cystic area on the basis of cerebrum, involving the nucleus caudatus and the putamen. At histopathology, large areas on the affected frontal cortex were infiltrated by macrophages containing haemosiderin and some plasma cells BoHV-5 infection was confirmed by viral isolation from nasal and ocular swabs during acute infection from day 1 p.i. until day 19 p.i., with titres up to 104,5 TCID 50/50 µL, form all inoculated animals. BoHV-5 was also isolated from many organs, especially from the brain, of the animals which died on the acute phase of infection; however, no infectious virus could be recovered from tissues collected at necropsy from the calf at 180 p.i. Discussion: These findings suggest the possible association of BoHV-5 with atrophic lesions in the brain, a finding which had not been previously linked to BoHV-5 infections. Therefore, animals that recover from clinically evident BoHV-5 infection under field conditions may also bear brain lesions that would remain undetected if the calf is not culled; yet these may be detected only months or years later, at slaughter. These results are of interest for the South American countries where infections with BoHV-5 are highly prevalent.

  • vaccination with a ge negative Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 vaccine confers insufficient protection to a Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 challenge
    Vaccine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Alessandra Davila Da Silva, Silvia De Oliveira Hubner, Anna Paula De Oliveira, Ana Claudia Franco, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Fernando Rosado Spilki, F A M Rijsewijk, David Driemeier, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    In the present study, cross-protection to Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) induced by Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) vaccination was examined following inoculation of rabbits and calves with a glycoprotein E (gE)-negative BHV-1 vaccine and subsequent challenge with BHV-5. Rabbits (n = 5) and calves (n = 8) were vaccinated [five rabbits intranasally (IN), four calves IN and four intramuscularly (IM)] with 7.1 log10median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of the BHV-1 vaccine. Rabbits and calves were challenged IN [rabbits 2 weeks post-vaccination (pv); calves 5 weeks pv] with 9.1 log10 TCID50 of BHV-5. Two out of five vaccinated rabbits died after challenge with typical BHV-5 disease, as did 3/5 non-vaccinated controls. In calves, 4/8 vaccinated animals displayed mild signs of disease, whereas 6/6 non-vaccinated controls developed signs of disease, so severe that 2/6 had to be killed. Besides, nasal virus shedding post-challenge was not reduced by vaccination. At necropsy, on day 21 post-challenge, typical BHV-5 lesions were evident in brain tissues of both vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves. Dexametasone administration at 180 days post-infection did not reactivate clinical signs despite BHV-5 shedding in nasal secretions of both vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves. These results show that the BHV-1 vaccine evaluated here did not confer protection to BHV-5 in rabbits. In calves, BHV-1 vaccination did confer some protection to BHV-5 induced clinical disease, but it did not prevent infection and had no effect on nasal virus shedding or on the development of encephalitic lesions.

  • experimental infection of calves with a gi ge us9 negative Bovine Herpesvirus type 5
    Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2005
    Co-Authors: Silvia De Oliveira Hubner, Anna Paula De Oliveira, Ana Claudia Franco, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Alessandra Davila Da Silva, Fernando Rosado Spilki, F A M Rijsewijk, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    In this work, a role for the genes encoding glycoproteins I (gI) and E (gE) and the US9 protein of Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) in neuropathogenicity and reactivation of latent infections was examined. Calves infected intranasally with a gI/gE/US9 deleted recombinant shed up to 10 2.85 TCID50/ml infectious virus in nasal secretions. Calves infected with the wild type BHV-5 parental virus shed up to 10 5 TCID50/ml virus. No signs of disease were observed in calves infected with the recombinant virus, whereas those infected with wild type virus displayed respiratory and neurological signs. The recombinant was only able to reach the basal portions of the central nervous system. In contrast, wild type virus was found widespread within the brain. Reactivation with dexamethasone 60 days post-infection resulted in reactivation of wild type virus, whereas the recombinant virus could not be reactivated. These studies demonstrate that genes gI, gE and US9 of BHV-5 are important for its neuropathogenicity and its ability to reactive from latency. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Etienne Thiry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bovine Herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis
    Veterinary Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Benoît Muylkens, Frédéric Schynts, Julien Thiry, Philippe Kirten, Etienne Thiry
    Abstract:

    Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaHerpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infec- tious Bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.

  • Ruminant alphaHerpesviruses related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1
    Veterinary research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Julien Thiry, Benoît Muylkens, Sacha Gogev, Alain Vanderplasschen, François Meurens, Véronique Keuser, Etienne Thiry
    Abstract:

    Herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. Consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related Herpesviruses. Illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaHerpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): namely Bovine Herpesvirus 5, bubaline Herpesvirus 1, caprine Herpesvirus 1, cervid Herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk Herpesvirus 1. These viruses share common antigenic properties and the serological relationships between them can be considered as a threat to BoHV-1 eradication programmes. BoHV-1 is a Herpesvirus responsible for infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis, which is a disease of major economic concern. In this article, the genetic properties of these ruminant alphaHerpesviruses are reviewed on a comparative basis and the issue of interspecific recombination is assessed. The pathogenesis of these infections is described with emphasis on the host range and crossing of the host species barrier. Indeed, the non Bovine ruminant species susceptible to these ruminant alphaHerpesviruses may be potential BoHV-1 reservoirs. The differential diagnosis of these related infections is also discussed. In addition, available epidemiological data are used to assess the potential of cross-infection in ruminant populations. A better knowledge of these ruminant alphaHerpesvirus infections is essential to successfully control infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis.

  • superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaHerpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus 1
    Journal of Virology, 2004
    Co-Authors: François Meurens, Benoît Muylkens, Frédéric Schynts, Alain Vanderplasschen, Günther M. Keil, Pierre Gallego, Etienne Thiry
    Abstract:

    Homologous recombination between strains of the same alphaHerpesvirus species occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo. This process has been described between strains of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus, feline Herpesvirus 1, varicella-zoster virus, and Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). In vivo, the rise of recombinant viruses can be modulated by different factors, such as the dose of the inoculated viruses, the distance between inoculation sites, the time interval between inoculation of the first and the second virus, and the genes in which the mutations are located. The effect of the time interval between infections with two distinguishable BoHV-1 on recombination was studied in three ways: (i) recombination at the level of progeny viruses, (ii) interference induced by the first virus infection on β-galactosidase gene expression of a superinfecting virus, and (iii) recombination at the level of concatemeric DNA. A time interval of 2 to 8 h between two successive infections allows the establishment of a barrier, which reduces or prevents any successful superinfection needed to generate recombinant viruses. The dramatic effect of the time interval on the rise of recombinant viruses is particularly important for the risk assessment of recombination between glycoprotein E-negative marker vaccine and field strains that could threaten BoHV-1 control and eradication programs.

  • Restriction maps of the DNA of cervid Herpesvirus 1 and cervid Herpesvirus 2, two viruses related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1
    Archives of Virology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Alain Vanderplasschen, Michel Bublot, Paul-pierre Pastoret, Etienne Thiry
    Abstract:

    Restriction maps of cervid Herpesviruses 1 and 2 which are antigenically related to Bovine Herpesvirus 1, were deduced from Southern blot hybridization withHin dIII restriction fragments of BHV-1 DNA as probes.

  • molecular biology of Bovine Herpesvirus type 4
    Veterinary Microbiology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Etienne Thiry, Michel Bublot, Alain Vanderplasschen, P Lomonte, J Dubuisson, M F Van Bressem, Annesophie Lequarre, Paul-pierre Pastoret
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bovine Herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is a ubiquitous virus of cattle. Its genome is a 144±6 kb double-stranded DNA consisting of a unique central part (L-DNA) flanked at both ends by tandem repeats called polyrepetitive DNA (prDNA or H-DNA). The overall arrangement of genes has been obtained by the analysis of homologies between short BHV-4 DNA sequences and corresponding genes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). The gene expression is temporally regulated. Glycoprotein precursor p (gp10/gp17) is expressed as gamma 1 polypeptide. Glycoproteins gp1, gp8, gp11 and their precursors are gamma 2 proteins. The analysis of strain variations allows the definition of two types of strains, based on the DNA patterns: the Movar 33/63-like and the DN 599-like strains. Only the M40 strain, isolated in India, fails to fit this classification. The genomic variations have been compiled to build a dendrogram showing three levels of divergence between BHV-4 strains or isolates. The available molecular data indicate that the BHV-4 genome shares much similarity with the DNA of EBV and HVS, two representative members of the gammaherpesvirinae. BHV-4 may therefore be classified in the subfamily gammaherpesvirinae.

Sandra Perez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • involvement of toll like receptors 3 and 7 8 in the neuropathogenesis of Bovine Herpesvirus types 1 and 5
    Research in Veterinary Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daniel Rensetti, Pedro Edgardo Moran, A C Odeon, Andrea Elizabeth Verna, Maia Marin, Silvina Quintana, Sandra Perez
    Abstract:

    Bovine Herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alpha-Herpesviruses. BoHV-5 is the causal agent of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. BoHV-1 causes respiratory disease, abortions, genital disorders and, occasionally, encephalitis in cattle. Both viruses are neurotropic and they share similar biological properties. Nevertheless, they differ in their ability to cause neurological disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the innate immune response to pathogens. In this study, the variations in the expression levels of TLRs were evaluated in different regions of the Bovine central nervous system during the acute infection and reactivation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5- infected cattle. With the exception of TLR9, significant up-regulation of all TLRs was detected following primary infection of neural tissues by both Bovine alpha-Herpesviruses. Furthermore, the stages of acute infection and reactivation were characterized by a distinguishable TLR expression pattern. Important differences in TLR expression upon infection of the central nervous system by BoHV-1 or BoHV-5 were not detected. The striking differences in TLR mRNA levels during acute infection and reactivation provide evidence that the innate immune response may be involved in the clinical outcomes observed at each stage. Further research is required to analyze the mechanisms that initiate TLR activation and the signaling cascade mediated by each TLR to elucidate the precise role these receptors play in Bovine Herpesvirus encephalitis.

  • search for the genome of Bovine Herpesvirus types 1 4 and 5 in Bovine semen
    Open veterinary journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Pedro Edgardo Moran, Paula Ariela Favier, M Lomonaco, Maria Del Carmen Catena, Maria Laura Chiapparrone, A C Odeon, Andrea Elizabeth Verna, Sandra Perez
    Abstract:

    Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) causes respiratory and reproductive disorders in cattle. Recently, Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) and Bovine Herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) have been identified to be associated with genital disease. In this study, the presence of the genome of BoHV-1, BoHV-4 and BoHV-5 in Bovine semen of Argentinean and international origin was analyzed by PCR assays. The most important finding of this study is the detection of the genome of BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 in semen of bulls maintained at artificial insemination centers. It is particularly relevant that BoHV-1 DNA was also identified in one sample of international origin suggesting the need for extensive quality control measures on international transport of Bovine semen.

  • in vitro replication of Bovine Herpesvirus types 1 and 5
    Journal of Virological Methods, 2012
    Co-Authors: Maia Marin, Sandra Perez, Andrea Elizabeth Verna, M R Leunda, Claudia Faverin, A C Odeon
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of this work was to study the in vitro replication of Bovine Herpesvirus types 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and 5) at the beginning and end of the logarithmic growth phase of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells. The replication kinetics and size of lysis and infection plaques of the field isolates 09/210 (BoHV-1) and 97/613 (BoHV-5) and the reference strains BoHV-1.1 Los Angeles 38 (LA38), BoHV-1.1 Cooper, BoHV-5a N569 and BoHV-5b A663 were evaluated. The highest mean virus titre was recorded for N569, followed by LA38 and 97/613. For most of the viruses, the virus titre values increased from 24 h post-infection (hpi) up to 48 hpi and then, they remained unchanged up to 72 hpi. However, the virus titre for 09/210 was significantly lower and a slight, steady increase was observed from 24 to 72 hpi. Furthermore, the largest lysis and infection plaques were recorded for 97/613 and LA38, respectively. According to this work, it is evident that there is a relationship between the replication of BoHV and the multiplication stage of MDBK cells. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the replication behaviour in cell cultures of several strains of BoHV, which is critical for the rational design of in vitro experiments and vaccine production.

  • role of Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 bohv 5 in diseases of cattle recent findings on bohv 5 association with genital disease
    Open veterinary journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: P A Favier, M S Marin, Sandra Perez
    Abstract:

    Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) belongs to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Varicellovirus. This virus is a major causative agent of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in young cattle. It was first isolated in 1962 from a neurological disease outbreak in Australia. BoHV-5 is genetically and antigenically related to Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), a highly prevalent virus responsible for respiratory and genital disease in cattle. Initially, BoHV-5 was considered a subtype of BoHV-1 (BoHV-1.3). However, the exclusive presentation of outbreaks of neurological disease suggested that the virus was a new agent with characteristics of neuropathogenicity. Even though both are neurotropic viruses, only BoHV-5 is capable of replicating extensively in the central nervous system and inducing neurological disease. Occasionally, encephalitis caused by BoHV-1 has been reported. Like other alpha-Herpesviruses, BoHV-5 can establish latency in nervous ganglia and, by stress factors or glucocorticoid treatment, latent virus can be reactivated. During episodes of reactivation, the virus is excreted in nasal, ocular and genital secretions and transmitted to other susceptible hosts. Recently, BoHV-5 has been associated with infection of the reproductive tract. The virus has been isolated and the presence of viral DNA has been demonstrated in semen samples from Brazil and Australia and natural transmission of the virus through contaminated semen has also been described. Embryos and oocytes are permissive for BoHV-5 infection and BoHV-5 DNA has been detected in the central nervous system of aborted fetuses. The objective of this review is to compile the limited information on the recent association between BoHV-5 and reproductive disorders in cattle.

Paulo Augusto Esteves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cortical necrosis and cerebral atrophy in calves experimentally infected with Bovine Herpesvirus type 5
    Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2011
    Co-Authors: Fernando Rosado Spilki, Ana Claudia Franco, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Tamir Calcagnotto Da Silva, David Driemeier, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    Background: Bovine encephalitis Herpesvirus, or Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, is long recognized as the causative agent of Bovine Herpesvirus encephalitis. The disease caused by BoHV-5 is characterized by signs of nervous impairment, consequent to non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Although Bovine herpetic encephalitis is a rare event in herds from the Northern Hemisphere, BoHV-5 infections are an important cause of central nervous system disease in cattle in Brazil and Argentina. Recovery of animals from clinical illness has been documented before, both in naturally infected animals and experimentally infected individuals. Case: During an experiment of experimental inoculation of a virulent isolate of BoHV-5, clinical signs of neurological disease were detected in three out of four calves experimentally inoculated with Bovine encephalitis Herpesvirus (Bovine Herpesvirus type 5; BoHV-5; strain EVI88/95). Clinical signs varied from slight prostration (1 calf) to severe signs of nervous impairment which lasted from 3 to 14 days (in 2 calves) from the beginning of clinical signs to death. Despite the neurological signs, one of the calves with mild clinical signs recovered: on day 14 p.i, this animal showed apathy, bruxism, dysphagia, pressing of the head against the walls of the bay, hyper salivation, tongue paralysis, hypermetria, and transient blindness but the signs become gradually milder and the health status of the animal improved until day 21 p.i. Recovery was complete ten days after the development of clinical signs and no evident sequelae were noticed up to day 180 when the remaining calves were culled. At necropsy, the prominent macroscopical finding was a large atrophic area at the left frontal lobe of the cortex. Another atrophic area was evident on the parietal lobe, at the level of the mamillary bodies, revealing a yellow-orange cystic area on the basis of cerebrum, involving the nucleus caudatus and the putamen. At histopathology, large areas on the affected frontal cortex were infiltrated by macrophages containing haemosiderin and some plasma cells BoHV-5 infection was confirmed by viral isolation from nasal and ocular swabs during acute infection from day 1 p.i. until day 19 p.i., with titres up to 104,5 TCID 50/50 µL, form all inoculated animals. BoHV-5 was also isolated from many organs, especially from the brain, of the animals which died on the acute phase of infection; however, no infectious virus could be recovered from tissues collected at necropsy from the calf at 180 p.i. Discussion: These findings suggest the possible association of BoHV-5 with atrophic lesions in the brain, a finding which had not been previously linked to BoHV-5 infections. Therefore, animals that recover from clinically evident BoHV-5 infection under field conditions may also bear brain lesions that would remain undetected if the calf is not culled; yet these may be detected only months or years later, at slaughter. These results are of interest for the South American countries where infections with BoHV-5 are highly prevalent.

  • vaccination with a ge negative Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 vaccine confers insufficient protection to a Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 challenge
    Vaccine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Alessandra Davila Da Silva, Silvia De Oliveira Hubner, Anna Paula De Oliveira, Ana Claudia Franco, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Fernando Rosado Spilki, F A M Rijsewijk, David Driemeier, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    In the present study, cross-protection to Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) induced by Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) vaccination was examined following inoculation of rabbits and calves with a glycoprotein E (gE)-negative BHV-1 vaccine and subsequent challenge with BHV-5. Rabbits (n = 5) and calves (n = 8) were vaccinated [five rabbits intranasally (IN), four calves IN and four intramuscularly (IM)] with 7.1 log10median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of the BHV-1 vaccine. Rabbits and calves were challenged IN [rabbits 2 weeks post-vaccination (pv); calves 5 weeks pv] with 9.1 log10 TCID50 of BHV-5. Two out of five vaccinated rabbits died after challenge with typical BHV-5 disease, as did 3/5 non-vaccinated controls. In calves, 4/8 vaccinated animals displayed mild signs of disease, whereas 6/6 non-vaccinated controls developed signs of disease, so severe that 2/6 had to be killed. Besides, nasal virus shedding post-challenge was not reduced by vaccination. At necropsy, on day 21 post-challenge, typical BHV-5 lesions were evident in brain tissues of both vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves. Dexametasone administration at 180 days post-infection did not reactivate clinical signs despite BHV-5 shedding in nasal secretions of both vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves. These results show that the BHV-1 vaccine evaluated here did not confer protection to BHV-5 in rabbits. In calves, BHV-1 vaccination did confer some protection to BHV-5 induced clinical disease, but it did not prevent infection and had no effect on nasal virus shedding or on the development of encephalitic lesions.

  • experimental infection of calves with a gi ge us9 negative Bovine Herpesvirus type 5
    Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2005
    Co-Authors: Silvia De Oliveira Hubner, Anna Paula De Oliveira, Ana Claudia Franco, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Alessandra Davila Da Silva, Fernando Rosado Spilki, F A M Rijsewijk, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    In this work, a role for the genes encoding glycoproteins I (gI) and E (gE) and the US9 protein of Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) in neuropathogenicity and reactivation of latent infections was examined. Calves infected intranasally with a gI/gE/US9 deleted recombinant shed up to 10 2.85 TCID50/ml infectious virus in nasal secretions. Calves infected with the wild type BHV-5 parental virus shed up to 10 5 TCID50/ml virus. No signs of disease were observed in calves infected with the recombinant virus, whereas those infected with wild type virus displayed respiratory and neurological signs. The recombinant was only able to reach the basal portions of the central nervous system. In contrast, wild type virus was found widespread within the brain. Reactivation with dexamethasone 60 days post-infection resulted in reactivation of wild type virus, whereas the recombinant virus could not be reactivated. These studies demonstrate that genes gI, gE and US9 of BHV-5 are important for its neuropathogenicity and its ability to reactive from latency. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 bhv 5 in a calf with rabies
    Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 2003
    Co-Authors: Fernando Rosado Spilki, Ana Claudia Franco, Paulo Augusto Esteves, Marjorie Fatima Beck Teixeira, Rejane Schaefer, Eduardo Schmidt, Ricardo Antonio Amaral De Lemos, Paulo Michel Roehe
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT.- Spilki F.R., Franco A.C., Teixeira M.B., Esteves P.A., Schaefer R., Schmidt E., LemosR.A. & Roehe P.M. 2003. Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) in a calf with rabies. PesquisaVeterinaria Brasileira 23(1):1-4 . Centro de Pesquisas Veterinarias Desiderio Finamor, Fepagro-Saude Animal, Cx. Postal 2076, Porto Alegre, RS 90001-970, Brazil.The brain of an one year old male calf which died with signs of neurological disease wassubmitted to the laboratory for rabies diagnosis. Microscopical findings included moderatemielitis, mild meningoencephalitis with perivascular cell cuffing and Negri inclusion bodiesin Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Rabies virus infection was further confirmed by thedirect fluorescent antibody test as well as by mouse inoculation. In addition, a Herpesviruswas isolated from brain tissues. The isolate was antigenic and genetically characterized asBovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5). It was not possible to determine whether BHV-5 playedan active role in the outcome of the infection, since, the virus might have been present ina latent form in neural tissues. This is the first report of a mixed rabies/ BHV-5 infection incalves.

László Egyed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • symptomless intrauterine transmission of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 to Bovine fetuses
    Microbial Pathogenesis, 2011
    Co-Authors: László Egyed, J Tibold, I Madl, Gergely Sassi, Otto Szenci
    Abstract:

    Blood samples of 31 healthy calves and their dams taken immediately after calving before colostrum uptake, and at days 11, 23 and 8 weeks, spleens of seven stillborn calves were analysed in order to determine the source and time of Bovine Herpesvirus type 4 infection. All the calves were born as seronegatives, while all cattle were seropositives. Viral DNA were amplified by a nested PCR assay from 54.8% of peripheral blood leukocyte samples of newborn calves taken before colostrum uptake, and from all cattle and from their colostrums. Real time PCR detected higher virus level in peripheral blood leukocytes in adult cattle, then in their newborn calves. Bovine semen cells (spermatozoa and leukocyte fractions), spleens of stillborn calves also carried viral genomes. Our results prove, that Bovine fetuses can be infected in utero by BoHV-4, but are born as seronegatives. After human examples this is the first report in veterinary virology on intrauterine transmission of a Herpesvirus without acute consequences. This phenomenon could explain the low antigenicity of BoHV-4 proteins and lack of neutralizating antibodies. BoHV-4, a gammaHerpesvirus, could serve as an animal model for studying inapparent herpesviral infections of human fetuses.

  • replication of Bovine Herpesvirus type 4 in human cells in vitro
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: László Egyed
    Abstract:

    A reference strain (Movar 33/63) of Bovine Herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) was inoculated into 14 different human cell lines and five primary cell cultures representing various human tissues. BHV-4 replicated in two embryonic lung cell lines, MRC-5 and Wistar-38, and in a giant-cell glioblastoma cell culture. Cytopathic effect and intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in these cells. PCR detected a 10,000-times-higher level of BHV-4 DNA. Titration of the supernatant indicated a 100-fold increase of infectious particles. Since this is the first Bovine (human Herpesvirus 8 and Epstein-Barr virus related) Herpesvirus which replicates on human cells in vitro, the danger of possible human BHV-4 infection should not be ignored.

  • histological studies of Bovine Herpesvirus type 4 infection in non ruminant species
    Veterinary Microbiology, 1997
    Co-Authors: László Egyed, J P Kluge, A Bartha
    Abstract:

    The pathology of Bovine Herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) infection was studied in cats, rabbits and guinea pigs. Twenty kittens, twenty-two rabbits and ten guinea pigs, some treated with glucocorticoid were inoculated with a BHV-4 strain of feline origin, via various routes of inoculation (conjunctival, intranasal, peritoneal). Clinical signs were recorded. After euthanizing at different post inoculation days macro- and microscopic changes were observed by necropsy and in hematoxylin-eosin stained histological sections. The presence of the virus in organs was detected by immunohistochemistry and a nested PCR assay. Inclusion bodies and monoclonal antibody-stained cells were found in the conjunctiva, trachea, lungs, spleen and lymph nodes. Most of the lesions were localized to the respiratory and the immune system. The macro- and microscopic lesions and clinical signs were more severe in kittens and guinea pigs. The histological data indicated that cats, especially kittens, were susceptible for BHV-4 and the infection was not confined to the urinary bladder.