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Ingrid K Thomsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fertiliser n rates interact with sowing time and Catch Crops in cereals and affect yield and nitrate leaching
European Journal of Agronomy, 2021Co-Authors: Iris Vogeler, Ingrid K Thomsen, Johannes L Jensen, Rodrigo Labouriau, E M HansenAbstract:Abstract Sustainable management of intensively managed agricultural land requires high productivity with low environmental impacts. There is a lack of understanding concerning the effectiveness of early sowing of winter cereals compared with Catch Crops for reducing nitrogen (N) leaching losses. To test this, an experiment was conducted over three years (2016–2019) with different Crop rotations and increasing rates of N fertilisation. The experiment was done at two contrasting sites in Denmark; one of the sites was at Foulum (FU) on a sandy loam in a wetter climate and the other at Flakkebjerg (FB) on a sandy loam soil in a drier climate. The main Crops were either spring barley (SB), or winter rye (WR) at FU and winter wheat (WW) at FB. The SB received four different N fertilisation rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1, and the winter cereals six different rates ranging from 0 to 255 for WR and from 0 to 300 kg N ha−1 for WW. In the SB treatments the soil was either left bare over winter, or sown with volunteer barley plants or Catch Crops. The Catch Crop used at FU was ryegrass, while fodder radish was used at FB. The WR and WW were either sown timely, according to common practice at the end of September or about three weeks earlier. Neither early sowing nor the use of a Catch Crop affected the grain yield or the grain N concentration. Nitrate leaching was reduced on both sites by early sowing and by the use of a Catch Crop. Early sowing of WR at FU reduced N leaching compared to timely sowing, and had almost the same N leaching as the spring barley/ryegrass rotation. At FB, early sowing of WW also reduced N leaching compared to timely sowing, but this was only significant in one of the three years, and leaching was much higher than in the spring barley/fodder radish rotation. Both early sowing of winter cereals and the use of a Catch Crop in spring cereals are mitigation options for reducing N leaching.
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legumes in Catch Crop mixtures effects on nitrogen retention and availability and leaching losses
Journal of Environmental Management, 2019Co-Authors: Iris Vogeler, Ingrid K Thomsen, E M Hansen, Hans S OstergaardAbstract:Abstract Catch Crop (CC) mixtures of non-legumes (nL) and legumes (L) have been promoted as a strategy to achieve two different goals: to decrease the risk of nitrate leaching and to enhance the nitrogen supply to the subsequent Crop. To investigate if two-component mixtures of nL + L have advantages over pure nL stands experiments were carried out over a two year period (2013–2015) at two contrasting field sites in Denmark. Nitrogen (N) uptake by the CCs was measured by aboveground biomass sampling, and N leaching by ceramic suction cups. When grown in pure stands, white clover (Trifolium repens) on coarse sand and common vetch (Vicia sativa) on sandy loam were less effective at reducing N leaching than perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and fodder radish (Raphanus sativus). When the proportion of the nL + L in mixtures was similar or favored the nL, leaching was not significantly different from the nL in the pure stand. However, during one of the years on the sandy loam L (vetch) almost outperformed nL (fodder radish), resulting in N leaching from nL + L similar to L. The yield of the following spring barley was only significantly different from the yield in the plots with previously bare soil in one of the years on the coarse sandy soil. It is concluded that in nL + L mixtures L can take over and thereby lower the effect of the CCs on N leaching while not necessarily enhancing the N supply for the subsequent Crop.
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straw export in continuous winter wheat and the ability of oil radish Catch Crops and early sowing of wheat to offset soil c and n losses a simulation study
Agricultural Systems, 2016Co-Authors: Clement Peltre, Ingrid K Thomsen, E M Hansen, Martin P Nielsen, Bent T Christensen, Sander BruunAbstract:Abstract The export of winter wheat straw for bioenergy may reduce soil C stocks and affect N losses. Establishing fast-growing Catch Crops between successive wheat Crops could potentially offset some of the C and N losses. Another option is to sow wheat earlier, increasing biomass production during the autumn. The effects of straw export, oil radish Catch Crop and early sowing of wheat on soil C storage, N leaching losses and N 2 O emissions were simulated by applying the Daisy model to winter wheat grown continuously for a period of 100 years on a sandy loam soil in a Danish climate. The simulations included five levels of initial soil C content (1–3% C), three levels of straw incorporation (0, 50 and 100%), +/− Catch Crop (oil radish) and two sowing dates (1 and 22 September). Exporting the entire straw production reduced soil C stocks by 1.2 to 14% after 100 years, depending on the initial C content. Inclusion of the oil radish Catch Crop could offset this loss by 2–3 percentage points. Earlier sowing of wheat increased straw production by 18% and reduced loss of soil C by 3–5 percentage points compared to normal sowing time with full straw export. Catch Crops and early sowing also reduced N-leaching losses compared to a scenario with full straw export. Early sowing of wheat performed better than the oil radish Catch Crop in reducing N leaching and N 2 O emissions. Sensitivity analyses showed that a wetter climate had little effect on soil C storage, but increased N leaching losses by up to 48%. Loss of soil C and leaching of N increased when early-sown wheat was subject to winter-kill and when sandy loam soil was replaced by a sand soil. When wheat is grown continuously, losses of C are mainly defined by the initial soil C content (reflecting the management and land-use history of the soil) and by the level of straw export. The use of oil radish Catch Crops and early sowing of wheat may offset some of the adverse effects of straw export.
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nitrate leaching under spring barley is influenced by the presence of a ryegrass Catch Crop results from a lysimeter experiment
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2005Co-Authors: Ingrid K ThomsenAbstract:The influence on nitrate leaching of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) used as a Catch Crop in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was investigated during three successive years in a lysimeter experiment on a sandy loam soil. Four treatments were included with combinations of time of tillage (November/March) and handling strategy of the aboveground ryegrass biomass (return/ removal). Reference plots tilled in March were sown to spring barley alone. The four fertilization levels initiated 15 years earlier were continued with barley either left unfertilized, or receiving 11 g N m � 2 year � 1 (1N) in mineral fertilizer or with 1N or 1ΩN (16.5 g N m � 2 year � 1 ) in pig slurry. The ryegrass reduced nitrate leaching by 1.4‐4.3 g N m � 2 year � 1 when incorporation took place in November. If incorporation was carried out in March, reductions in nitrate leaching were 2.1‐5.6 g N m � 2 year � 1 . The herbage cut of ryegrass had accumulated 1.0‐2.4 g N m � 2 year � 1 and 0.9‐2.1 g N m � 2 year � 1 in November and March, respectively. Nitrate leaching losses increased with higher rates of N both with and without a Catch Crop. At the highest N rate (1ΩN in slurry), the incorporation of the herbage cut of the ryegrass raised nitrate leaching compared with removal. At the other three fertilization levels, return of the herbage did not significantly affect nitrate leaching. Grain yield and N uptake of the spring barley were unaffected by a Catch Crop and the management strategy did not interact with N fertility level. The study showed that growing a ryegrass Catch Crop repeatedly for three years was effective in reducing nitrate leaching losses, but the retained N did not have any immediate beneficial effect on spring barley grain yield. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Catch Crop and animal slurry in spring barley grown with straw incorporation
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 1995Co-Authors: Ingrid K ThomsenAbstract:Abstract Four rates of straw (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha−1 yr−1) were incorporated in a field experiment with continuous spring barley. The experiment was conducted on a sandy soil (5.5% clay) and a sandy loam soil (11.2% clay). After eight years, the straw incorporation was combined with Catch-Crop growing with and without winter application of animal slurry and also spring fertilization with mineral fertilizer (0, 50, 100 or 125 kg N ha−1 yr−1). The combined experiment was conducted for three lyears on the sandy soil and for four years on the sandy loam soil. The effects on barley dry matter yield and N uptake are presented together with the long-term effects of the straw incorporations on Crop growth and soil C and N. Grain yield on the sandy loam was unaffected by straw incorporation. On the sandy soil the highest straw application rates reduced grain yield in the unfertilized barley. When the barley received mineral fertilizer at recommended levels (100 kg N ha−1 yr−1), grain yield on this soil was also una...
E M Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fertiliser n rates interact with sowing time and Catch Crops in cereals and affect yield and nitrate leaching
European Journal of Agronomy, 2021Co-Authors: Iris Vogeler, Ingrid K Thomsen, Johannes L Jensen, Rodrigo Labouriau, E M HansenAbstract:Abstract Sustainable management of intensively managed agricultural land requires high productivity with low environmental impacts. There is a lack of understanding concerning the effectiveness of early sowing of winter cereals compared with Catch Crops for reducing nitrogen (N) leaching losses. To test this, an experiment was conducted over three years (2016–2019) with different Crop rotations and increasing rates of N fertilisation. The experiment was done at two contrasting sites in Denmark; one of the sites was at Foulum (FU) on a sandy loam in a wetter climate and the other at Flakkebjerg (FB) on a sandy loam soil in a drier climate. The main Crops were either spring barley (SB), or winter rye (WR) at FU and winter wheat (WW) at FB. The SB received four different N fertilisation rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1, and the winter cereals six different rates ranging from 0 to 255 for WR and from 0 to 300 kg N ha−1 for WW. In the SB treatments the soil was either left bare over winter, or sown with volunteer barley plants or Catch Crops. The Catch Crop used at FU was ryegrass, while fodder radish was used at FB. The WR and WW were either sown timely, according to common practice at the end of September or about three weeks earlier. Neither early sowing nor the use of a Catch Crop affected the grain yield or the grain N concentration. Nitrate leaching was reduced on both sites by early sowing and by the use of a Catch Crop. Early sowing of WR at FU reduced N leaching compared to timely sowing, and had almost the same N leaching as the spring barley/ryegrass rotation. At FB, early sowing of WW also reduced N leaching compared to timely sowing, but this was only significant in one of the three years, and leaching was much higher than in the spring barley/fodder radish rotation. Both early sowing of winter cereals and the use of a Catch Crop in spring cereals are mitigation options for reducing N leaching.
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legumes in Catch Crop mixtures effects on nitrogen retention and availability and leaching losses
Journal of Environmental Management, 2019Co-Authors: Iris Vogeler, Ingrid K Thomsen, E M Hansen, Hans S OstergaardAbstract:Abstract Catch Crop (CC) mixtures of non-legumes (nL) and legumes (L) have been promoted as a strategy to achieve two different goals: to decrease the risk of nitrate leaching and to enhance the nitrogen supply to the subsequent Crop. To investigate if two-component mixtures of nL + L have advantages over pure nL stands experiments were carried out over a two year period (2013–2015) at two contrasting field sites in Denmark. Nitrogen (N) uptake by the CCs was measured by aboveground biomass sampling, and N leaching by ceramic suction cups. When grown in pure stands, white clover (Trifolium repens) on coarse sand and common vetch (Vicia sativa) on sandy loam were less effective at reducing N leaching than perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and fodder radish (Raphanus sativus). When the proportion of the nL + L in mixtures was similar or favored the nL, leaching was not significantly different from the nL in the pure stand. However, during one of the years on the sandy loam L (vetch) almost outperformed nL (fodder radish), resulting in N leaching from nL + L similar to L. The yield of the following spring barley was only significantly different from the yield in the plots with previously bare soil in one of the years on the coarse sandy soil. It is concluded that in nL + L mixtures L can take over and thereby lower the effect of the CCs on N leaching while not necessarily enhancing the N supply for the subsequent Crop.
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straw export in continuous winter wheat and the ability of oil radish Catch Crops and early sowing of wheat to offset soil c and n losses a simulation study
Agricultural Systems, 2016Co-Authors: Clement Peltre, Ingrid K Thomsen, E M Hansen, Martin P Nielsen, Bent T Christensen, Sander BruunAbstract:Abstract The export of winter wheat straw for bioenergy may reduce soil C stocks and affect N losses. Establishing fast-growing Catch Crops between successive wheat Crops could potentially offset some of the C and N losses. Another option is to sow wheat earlier, increasing biomass production during the autumn. The effects of straw export, oil radish Catch Crop and early sowing of wheat on soil C storage, N leaching losses and N 2 O emissions were simulated by applying the Daisy model to winter wheat grown continuously for a period of 100 years on a sandy loam soil in a Danish climate. The simulations included five levels of initial soil C content (1–3% C), three levels of straw incorporation (0, 50 and 100%), +/− Catch Crop (oil radish) and two sowing dates (1 and 22 September). Exporting the entire straw production reduced soil C stocks by 1.2 to 14% after 100 years, depending on the initial C content. Inclusion of the oil radish Catch Crop could offset this loss by 2–3 percentage points. Earlier sowing of wheat increased straw production by 18% and reduced loss of soil C by 3–5 percentage points compared to normal sowing time with full straw export. Catch Crops and early sowing also reduced N-leaching losses compared to a scenario with full straw export. Early sowing of wheat performed better than the oil radish Catch Crop in reducing N leaching and N 2 O emissions. Sensitivity analyses showed that a wetter climate had little effect on soil C storage, but increased N leaching losses by up to 48%. Loss of soil C and leaching of N increased when early-sown wheat was subject to winter-kill and when sandy loam soil was replaced by a sand soil. When wheat is grown continuously, losses of C are mainly defined by the initial soil C content (reflecting the management and land-use history of the soil) and by the level of straw export. The use of oil radish Catch Crops and early sowing of wheat may offset some of the adverse effects of straw export.
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nitrate leaching in maize after cultivation of differently managed grass clover leys on coarse sand in denmark
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2016Co-Authors: E M Hansen, Jorgen EriksenAbstract:Abstract When grass-clover leys have been ploughed nitrate leaching may increase. However, management of leys before or after ploughing may affect the leaching risk. We examined the effect of cultivating a six year ley, which the last two years had been treated differently (grazing only; spring cut followed by grazing, and spring and autumn cuts with grazing during the summer season only) on nitrate leaching in maize with/without a Catch Crop (per. ryegrass) and with/without slurry application (135 kg total-N ha −1 ). An unfertilized barley harvested for silage with a Catch Crop of Italian ryegrass was used as reference. Shortening the grazing season in the grass-clover ley phase did not affect leaching after ploughing. In the following maize, the use of a perennial ryegrass Catch Crop in a high-yielding maize Crop was not able to reduce nitrate leaching significantly, although leaching and maize yield tended to be lower with the Catch Crop. In unfertilized treatments both maize yields and nitrate leaching were significantly lower compared with treatments with slurry application. The unfertilized barley undersown with Italian ryegrass reduced leaching much more than unfertilized maize with perennial ryegrass as an undersown Catch Crop, despite yields of barley and ryegrass being less than half of the dry matter yields of unfertilized maize. The experiment illustrates that growing maize after ploughing of grass-clover leys without environmental consequences is difficult.
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Catch Crop biomass production nitrogen uptake and root development under different tillage systems
Soil Use and Management, 2012Co-Authors: Lars J Munkholm, E M HansenAbstract:Catch Crops are generally regarded as an efficient tool to reduce nitrate leaching. However, the benefits need to be balanced against potential adverse effects on the main Crop yields. The objectives of the study were to study three contrasting Catch Crops, that is, dyer's woad (DW) (Isatis tinctoria L.), perennial ryegrass (RG) (Lolium perenne L.) and fodder radish (FR) (Raphanus sativus L.) under three tillage systems. For that, we used a tillage experiment established in 2002 on a Danish sandy loam. The tillage treatments were direct drilling (D), harrowing to 8–10 cm (H) and ploughing (P). Above-ground biomass production and N uptake were measured in the Catch Crops and the main Crop. Catch Crop root growth was studied using both minirhizotron and core methods. Soil penetration resistance was recorded to 60 cm depth. Fodder radish and RG produced up to 1800 kg/ha dry matter and DW 900 kg/ha. The nitrogen uptake in November was 55, 37 and 31 kg N/ha for FR, RG and DW, respectively, when averaged across the 2 yr of study. The yield of the spring barley main Crop was in general highest where FR was grown as a Catch Crop. Ploughing tended to result in highest yields although differences were only significant in 2008. The minirhizotron root measurements showed that the crucifers FR and DW achieved better subsoil rooting than RG. In contrast, the soil core data showed no significant difference between FR and RG in subsoil root growth. Our study highlights the need for further studies on subsoil root growth of different Catch Crops.
Helena Aronsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrogen and phosphorus leaching under the potential biennial oilseed plant lepidium campestre l in a field trial
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2018Co-Authors: Barbro Ulen, Helena AronssonAbstract:ABSTRACTDomestication of biennial Lepidium campestre L. offers possibilities for more varied Crop rotations in cold regions, with increased Crop cover during winter. In the first winter after sowing, L. campestre can reduce nitrogen (N) leaching before harvesting in the second year. In this system no soil tillage is needed during the first year, unlike in systems with annual Crops. A three-year leaching study on loam soil in southern Sweden revealed significantly (p < 0.05) lower flow-weighted mean total nitrogen (TN) concentration in drainage water under L. campestre (5.8 mg TN L−1) compared with a control treatment (no Catch Crop and autumn mouldboard ploughing) (9.6 mg TN L−1). In two years of observations, Lepidium campestre had lower flow-weighted mean TN concentration (6.2 mg L−1) than a mixed Vicia villosa L. (hairy vetch)/Secale cereale (winter rye) Catch Crop (10.2 mg L−1) and rather similar concentration to a Raphanus sativus (oilseed radish) Catch Crop (5.7 mg TN L−1), both sown after harvest o...
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nitrogen and phosphorus leaching under the potential biennial oilseed plant lepidium campestre l in a field trial section b soil and plant science
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 2018Co-Authors: Barbro Ulen, Helena AronssonAbstract:Domestication of biennial Lepidium campestre L. offers possibilities for more varied Crop rotations in cold regions, with increased Crop cover during winter. In the first winter after sowing, L. campestre can reduce nitrogen (N) leaching before harvesting in the second year. In this system no soil tillage is needed during the first year, unlike in systems with annual Crops. A three-year leaching study on loam soil in southern Sweden revealed significantly (p < 0.05) lower flow-weighted mean total nitrogen (TN) concentration in drainage water under L. campestre (5.8 mg TN L⁻¹) compared with a control treatment (no Catch Crop and autumn mouldboard ploughing) (9.6 mg TN L⁻¹). In two years of observations, Lepidium campestre had lower flow-weighted mean TN concentration (6.2 mg L⁻¹) than a mixed Vicia villosa L. (hairy vetch)/Secale cereale (winter rye) Catch Crop (10.2 mg L⁻¹) and rather similar concentration to a Raphanus sativus (oilseed radish) Catch Crop (5.7 mg TN L⁻¹), both sown after harvest of the main Crop. However, L. campestre appeared to have a negative effect on total phosphorus (TP) leaching, with TP concentration in drainage of 0.05 mg L⁻¹ compared with 0.01–0.02 mg L⁻¹ for the other Catch Crops and the control.
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leaching of n p and glyphosate from two soils after herbicide treatment and incorporation of a ryegrass Catch Crop
Soil Use and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Helena Aronsson, Maria Stenberg, Barbro UlenAbstract:During 2005-2007, studies were carried out in two field experiments in southwest Sweden with separately tile-drained plots on a sandy soil (three replicates) and on a clay soil (two replicates). The overall aim was to determine the effects of different Cropping systems with Catch Crops on losses of N, P and glyphosate. Different times of glyphosate treatment of undersown ryegrass Catch Crops were examined in combination with soil tillage in November or spring. Drainage water was sampled continuously in proportion to water flow and analysed for N, P and glyphosate. Catch Crops were sampled in late autumn and spring and soil was analysed for mineral N content. The yields of following cereal Crops were determined. The importance of keeping the Catch Crop growing as long as possible in the autumn is demonstrated to decrease the risk of N leaching. During a year with high drainage on the sandy soil, annual N leaching was 26 kg/ha higher for plots with a Catch Crop killed with glyphosate in late September than for plots with a Catch Crop, while the difference was very small during 1 yr with less drainage. Having the Catch Crop in place during October was the most important factor, whereas the time of incorporation of a dead Catch Crop did not influence N leaching from either of the two soils. However, incorporation of a growing Catch Crop in spring resulted in decreased Crop yields, especially on the clay soil. Soil type affected glyphosate leaching to a larger extent than the experimental treatments. Glyphosate was not leached from the sand at all, while it was found at average concentrations of 0.25 μg/L in drainage water from the clay soil on all sampling occasions. Phosphorus leaching also varied (on average 0.2 and 0.5 kg/ha/yr from the sand and clay, respectively), but was not significantly affected by the different Catch Crop treatments.
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simulations of soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics during seven years in a Catch Crop experiment
Agricultural Systems, 2003Co-Authors: Karin Blomback, Elisabet Lewan, Henrik Eckersten, Helena AronssonAbstract:Abstract This study aimed, with the use of simulation models, to quantify the effect of several years incorporation of Catch Crop material into the soil on soil organic matter storage, N mineralisation capacity and risk for N leaching. C and N dynamics in Crop and soil were simulated with the SOILN model (Version 9.2). The simulated results were compared with measurements of Crop and soil N, Crop biomass and N-leaching from a Catch Crop field experiment situated in southwestern Sweden. The generality of parameter values determining the long-term turnover of soil organic matter was tested. To reproduce measured soil mineral N and Crop N, mineralisation had to be favoured by high C mineralisation. After 6 years of Catch Crop treatment, simulated soil organic matter content had increased by less than 2%, but the N-mineralisation capacity had increased by 25%, corresponding to 37 kg N ha−1. With a continuous annual use of Catch Crops only a few per cent of the extra mineralised N was leached. Without a succeeding Catch Crop, however, 30% of N from the increased mineralisation was leached. The results indicated that the decomposition rate increased immediately after frost events.
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nitrogen leaching and Crop availability in manured Catch Crop systems in sweden
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2000Co-Authors: Gunnar Torstensson, Helena AronssonAbstract:Results are presented from five years (1990–1995) of a field leaching experiment on a sandy soil in south-west Sweden. The aim was to study N leaching, change in soil organic N and N mineralization in Cropping systems with continuous use of liquid manure (two application rates) and Catch Crops. N leaching from drains, N uptake in Crops and mineral N in the soil were measured. Simulation models were used to calculate the N budget and N mineralization in the soil and to make predictions of improved fertilization strategies in relation to manure applications and changing the time for incorporation of Catch Crops. In treatments without Catch Crops, a normal and a double application of manure increased average N leaching by 15 and 34%, respectively, compared to treatment with commercial fertilizer. Catch Crops reduced N leaching by, on average, 60% in treatments with a normal application of manure and commercial fertilizer, but only by 35% in the treatment with double the normal application rate of manure. Incorporation of Catch Crops in spring increased simulated net N mineralization during the Crop vegetation period, and also during early autumn. In conclusion, manured systems resulted in larger N leaching than those receiving commercial fertilizer, mainly due to larger applications of mineral N in spring. More careful adaptation of commercial N fertilization with respect to the amounts of NH4-N applied with manure could, according to the simulations, reduce N leaching. Under-sown ryegrass Catch Crops effectively reduced N leaching in manured systems. Incorporating Catch Crop residues in late autumn instead of spring might be preferable with respect to N availability in the soil for the next Crop, and would not increase N leaching.
Qing Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sweet corn significantly increases nitrogen retention and reduces nitrogen leaching as summer Catch Crop in protected vegetable production systems
Soil & Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Lingyun Kang, Ruiying Guo, Wei Qin, Chunguang Jiang, C Nendel, Qing ChenAbstract:Nitrogen (N) leaching is a commonly reported problem in protected vegetable production in China due to poor management. To minimize soil residue N and reduce N leaching, sweet corn is often used as the summer Catch Crop after the winter-spring growing season. However, the effectiveness of this practice has never been systematically quantified before. Here we reported the effects of sweet corn as Catch Crop on soil N retention and N leaching in the greenhouse vegetable system, using the data of two N-15 isotope micro-plot experiments in soil bound greenhouse. The results showed that sweet corn removed 11.5% of total residual N-15 in soil profile and kept more organic N-15 by 39.8% in soil profile, compared to fallow treatment. Root activity increased nitrogen retention due to temporarily immobilizing N as organic form, thereby reducing N leaching. Interestingly, sweet corn significantly reduced N leaching in the later growing stage (August), but not in the earlier stages (July). In total, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) accounted for 63% of total N leaching. Sweet corn significantly reduced DON leaching, but not mineral N (N-min) leaching. Hence, reducing N leaching in Chinese greenhouse must distinguish DON and N-min sources and optimize both. Our study provides quantitative insights in N retention and leaching influenced by sweet corn as Catch Crop in typical Chinese greenhouse production systems, which provide guidance for searching for better Catch Crops in further studies.
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Fertigation combined with Catch Crop maximize vegetable yield and minimize N and P surplus
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2018Co-Authors: Lingyun Kang, Bingqian Fan, Shuo Chen, Qing ChenAbstract:Excessive fertilization is a common agricultural practice that often results in high risk of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses in vegetable production in China. To reduce these losses, it is crucial to control residual nutrient levels in the rootzone and maintain Crop growth. A 3-year field experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of optimal fertigation (OF), OF combined with summer Catch Crop (OF-SCC; sweet corn with residue incorporation after harvest) or wheat straw application (OF-WSA; soil amended with wheat straw before cucumber seedling transplanting) on soil nutrients, soil residual N and P levels in the rootzone. The conventional management (flood irrigation with excessive fertilization and bare fallow during the summer period) served as control. The results showed that, although OF reduced irrigation amount, N input and P input by 49, 50 and 53%, respectively, it did not affect N and P uptake and fruit yields, and significantly reduced N and P surplus in the rootzone by 60 and 59%, respectively, when compared to the control. The SCC extracted 72–74 kg N ha−1 year−1 and 10–13 kg P ha−1 year−1 from soils. In addition, SCC and WSA increased soil soluble organic N in the rootzone but had little influence on N and P surplus. Generally, OF was efficient in reducing soil residual N and P, while SCC could temporarily retarded N leaching and improved nutrient recycling in the rootzone. Our results infer that OF combined with SCC is an efficient method for reducing soil N and P losses.
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fertilization and Catch Crop strategies for improving tomato production in north china
Pedosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Huimin Yuan, M S A Blackwell, Clive Rahn, Qing ChenAbstract:Overuse of fertilizers and the resultant pollution and eutrophication of surface and groundwater is a growing issue in China. Consequently, improved management strategies are needed to optimize Crop production with reduced nutrient inputs. Conventional fertilization (CF), reduced fertilization (RF), and reduced fertilization with maize (Zea mays L.) as a summer Catch Crop (RF+C) treatments were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 by quantifying tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit yield and soil nutrient balance in a greenhouse tomato double-Cropping system. Fertilizer nitrogen (N) application was reduced by 37% in the RF and RF+C treatments compared to the CF treatment with no significant reduction in fruit yield. Mean soil mineral N (Nmin) content to a depth of 180 cm following tomato and maize harvest was lower in the RF and RF+C treatments than in the CF treatment. Residual soil Nmin content was reduced by 21% and 55% in the RF and RF+C treatments, respectively, compared to the CF treatment. Surplus phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents in the RF+C treatment were significantly lower than those in the RF treatment, mainly due to additional P and K uptake by the Catch Crop. We concluded that for intensive greenhouse production systems, the RF and RF+C treatments could maintain tomato fruit yield, reduce the potential for nitrate (NO−3-N) leaching, and with a Catch Crop, provide additional benefits through increased biomass production.
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influence of root zone nitrogen management and a summer Catch Crop on cucumber yield and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in intensive production systems
Plant and Soil, 2008Co-Authors: Qing Chen, Ruiying Guo, Peter Christie, Rongfeng Jiang, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:Nutrient and water management is crucially important in shallow-rooted vegetable production systems characterized by high input and high environmental risk. A 2-year field experiment on greenhouse cucumber double-Cropping systems examined the effects of root zone nitrogen management and planting of sweet corn as a Catch Crop in the summer fallow period on cucumber yield and soil Nmin dynamics compared to conventional practices. Cucumber fruit yields were not significantly affected by root zone N management and Catch Crop planting despite a decrease in N fertilizer application of 53% compared to conventional N management. Soil Nmin content to a depth of 0.9 m decreased markedly and root zone (0–0.3 m) soil Nmin content was maintained at about 200 kg N ha−1. Root zone N management efficiently and directly reduced apparent N losses by 44% and 45% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Sweet corn, the summer Catch Crop, depleted Nmin residue in the soil profile of 1.8 m at harvest of winter–spring season cucumber by 304–333 kg N ha−1, which contributed 19–22% reduction in N loss. Compared to conventional N management, N loss was reduced by 56% under root zone N management and Catch Crop planting.
Eric Justes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crucifer legume cover Crop mixtures provide effective sulphate Catch Crop and sulphur green manure services
Plant and Soil, 2018Co-Authors: Antoine Couëdel, Lionel Alletto, Eric JustesAbstract:Crucifers grown as cover Crops are known to reduce sulphate leaching (S Catch-Crop service) and release large amounts of mineral sulphate for the subsequent cash Crop once incorporated into the soil (S green-manure service). Crucifer-legume cover Crop mixtures are effective to obtain high nitrogen related services, but few data exist on their performances for S-related services. Our study aimed to assess performances of a wide variety of bispecific crucifer-legume mixtures designed to provide soil S Catch-Crop and S green-manure services. A two-year field experiment was conducted at two sites near Toulouse, France (silt clay loam soil) and Orleans, France (sandy loam soil) in which cultivars from eight crucifer species and nine legume species were tested as sole and bispecific cover Crops. Crucifer-legume mixtures and crucifer sole cover Crops provided the same level of S Catch-Crop service (12 kg S ha−1), significantly higher than that of legume sole cover Crops (4 kg S ha−1). Similarly, crucifer-legume mixtures provided almost the same level of S green-manure service (5.5 kg S ha−1) as crucifer sole cover Crops (6.5 kg S ha−1). Our results demonstrate the compatibility and complementarity of certain crucifer and legume species when grown together to provide S and N Catch-Crop and green-manure services. For a same cover Crop species no strong cultivar effect has been highlighted in our growing conditions.
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Cover Crop crucifer-legume mixtures provide effective nitrate Catch Crop and nitrogen green manure ecosystem services
Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Antoine Couëdel, Lionel Alletto, Hélène Tribouillois, Eric JustesAbstract:During the fallow period, crucifers grown as Catch Crops are known to effectively reduce nitrate leaching, while legumes act mainly as green manure by releasing large amounts of mineral nitrogen (N) for the subsequent cash Crop once incorporated into the soil. Crucifer-legume cover Crop mixtures could be an effective solution for obtaining these two ecosystem services because they combine advantages of both species. However, crucifers might be a poor companion Crop due to their high competition for abiotic resources and a potential allelopathic effect on legumes when grown with them. The aim of our study was to assess performances of a wide range of bispecific crucifer-legume mixtures to provide both Catch Crop and green manure services. A two-year experiment was conducted at two sites (near Toulouse and Orleans, France) where cultivars from eight crucifer species (rape, white mustard, Indian mustard, Ethiopian mustard, turnip, turnip rape, radish and rocket) and nine legume species (Egyptian clover, crimson clover, common vetch, purple vetch, hairy vetch, pea, soya bean, faba bean, and white lupin) were tested in sole-Crop and bispecific mixtures (substitutive design of 50%-50% sole Crops). We measured cover Crop biomass and N acquisition to assess the soil nitrate Catch Crop service and N green manure service for the subsequent cash Crop. In all experiments, compared to bare soil, crucifer-legume mixtures and crucifer sole cover Crops provided the same level of nitrate Catch Crop service by reducing soil mineral N by an average of 59%, while legume sole cover Crops reduced it by at least 35%, which is significant. In addition, within 6 months after termination, crucifer-legume mixtures mineralised more N (mean of 22 kg N ha(-1)) and thus had a larger N green manure effect for the subsequent cash Crop than crucifer sole cover Crops (mean of 8 kg N ha(-1)). This was due to greater N acquisition and a lower C:N ratio of crucifer-legume mixtures; even though crucifers always had advantage in acquiring N, legumes acquired enough N to provide an effective green manure service. These results were consistent in all of our experiments, which represent a wide range of crucifer-legume cover Crops, demonstrating their generality. They also demonstrate the compatibility and complementarity of these species when grown together. In conclusion, combining crucifers and legumes as cover Crops is an effective solution for obtaining multi-ecosystem services related to N recycling by providing both nitrate Catch Crop and N green manure services.
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quantifying and modelling c and n mineralization kinetics of Catch Crop residues in soil parameterization of the residue decomposition module of stics model for mature and non mature residues
Plant and Soil, 2009Co-Authors: Eric Justes, Bruno Mary, Bernard NicolardotAbstract:C and N mineralization kinetics of 25 Catch Crop (CC) residues, whose organic C:N ratio varied from 9.5 to 34.0, were studied during soil incubations under controlled conditions. Decomposition rates were rather similar for the different CC residues, 59% to 68% residue-C being mineralized after 168 days incubation. C mineralized during the first weeks was mainly correlated to the soluble C content of the residue. N mineralized from CC residues was much more variable (−4.9 to +38.0 mg N g−1 added C at day 168), and was mainly related to the organic N content in residues. C and N mineralization kinetics were simulated with STICS residue decomposition model, using the previous parameterization mostly based on mature Crop residues (Nicolardot et al. Plant Soil 228:83–103, 2001). A reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated C kinetics but N mineralization was underestimated by the model. A new parameterization was carried out to improve N predictions. The fitting procedure was first applied independently to each CC residue in order to optimise the five parameters of the model. The relationships found between each optimised parameter and the C:N ratio of CC residues were similar to those obtained previously, indicating that the same model was applicable to all residues. The parameters of these relationships were fitted on a combined dataset including CC and mature residues. The new parameterisation lead to better simulations for CC residues, the errors of prediction (RMSE) for C and N mineralization being 32 and 1.8 mg g−1 added C, respectively. For the whole dataset (68 residues), the RMSE were 50 and 3.3 mg g−1 added C. The prediction quality is satisfactory with respect to the model simplicity and the single criterion of residue quality (C:N ratio).