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J K Kouwenhove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intra row mechanical Weed Control possibilities and problems
    Soil & Tillage Research, 1997
    Co-Authors: J K Kouwenhove
    Abstract:

    Abstract For five years, graduate students of the Tillage Laboratory of Wageningen Agricultural University studied the effectiveness of intra-row Weed Control by brushes, tactile hoes and Weeder harrows in combination with a drill planting system and paper pots. From the technical point of view, brushes and tactile hoes were effective, reducing the amount of herbicides needed to about 10% of the amount used by full width spraying. However, their high costs and low capacity make them unattractive for completely mechanized farming, although as a substitute for manual work, they may be quite profitable for organic farmers. Weeder harrows are relatively cheap and have a high capacity. Selectivity, a criterion for machine adjustment, could be improved in arable crops by planting in paper pots. Yield losses resulting from increased soil compaction caused by mechanical Weed Control with a light tractor instead of Chemical Weed Control appear to be negligible.

  • possibilities of mechanical post emergence Weed Control in sugar beet
    Soil & Tillage Research, 1991
    Co-Authors: J K Kouwenhove, J D A Wevers, J Pos
    Abstract:

    Abstract During a period of four years, 1986–1989, a number of field experiments on post-emergence Weed Control in sugar beet was carried out. The experiments are components of five Weed Control systems: Chemical; integrated; integrated including ridging; mechanical; mechanical with plants in squares. The effect of the planting system, plant distribution and of the Weed Control system on Weed growth and crop yield was investigated. Integrated Weed Control (+ ridging) was relatively unsatisfactory from the perspective of Weed density, but mostly without serious yield losses with regard to Chemical Weed Control. Mechanical Weed Control in a row crop proved to be inadequate, because of intra-row Weed growth. With beet in square distribution, the mechanically treated area increased from about 70% to about 90% of the arable surface. This resulted in the lowest density and biomass of Weeds at the closing of the crop and an extra yield of transplanted beet in squares over drilled beet in rows of nearly 10 t ha −1 .

Pilipavičius Vytautas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical Weed Control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop of early stages of development: I. Crop Weediness
    2020
    Co-Authors: Pilipavičius Vytautas, Aliukonienė Inga, Romaneckas Kęstutis
    Abstract:

    Field trials were carried out at Jonas Aliukonis farm in Prienai district Strielciai village during 2005-2006. Influence of 5 herbicides applied in autumn on crop of winter wheat was investigated. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is sensitive to Weed competition in early stages of growth and development. Conventionally herbicides are used in spring for Weed Control in winter cereals, therefore, perennial and winter annual Weeds have favorable conditions to grow and compete with cereals when vegetation in spring is renewing. The work hypothesis is that application of herbicides in autumn will Control Weeds that survive during winter time and winter wheat will not be damaged and better conditions for crop competition in spring after renewing of vegetation will be created. Weediness of winter wheat crop did not have any essential differences before herbicide application in autumn. After herbicide spraying in autumn Weediness of winter wheat crop decreased till 15.4-28.4% and the air-dry biomass decreased even till 56.8%. Weeds were most efficiently Controlled with Monitor in autumn comparing with non-treated Control and other herbicides applied. Crop Weediness decreased by 18 Weeds m-2 and 9.5 g m-2 of air-dry biomass, it covered 28.4% and 56.8%, respectivelyVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-Chemical Weed Control in sugar beet crop under intensive and conservation soil tillage: I. Crop Weediness
    2019
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Romaneckienė Regina, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    The effect of non-Chemical Weed Control under different soil tillage on sugar beet crop Weediness was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2004-2005. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of soil tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on the number and dry mass of Weeds in the sugar beet crop. Treatments of the trial were the following: I. Soil tillage (factor A): 1. intensive (straw loosening, moldboard ploughing; Control variant) (IT); 2. conservation (straw loosening) (CT); II. Non-Chemical Weed Control (factor B): 1. hand Weeding, twice (Control variant) (HW); 2. spring barley living mulch (SBM); 3. annual ryegrass living mulch (ARM); 4. white mustard living mulch (WMM); 5. spring oilseed rape living mulch (SRM); 6. winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of investigations, in conditions of intensive soil tillage the highest choking of Weeds was observed by annual ryegrass (ARM) and white mustard (WMM) living mulches. In sugar beet row spaces, which were mulched with winter wheat straw mulch (WSM) there was a large number of Weeds but their mass was not high. Conversely, in conservation soil tillage conditions the lowest Weed infestation and dry mass of Weeds were observed in straw mulch (WSM) up to 4 cm. White mustard living mulch (WMM) also influenced Weed dry mass decrease though its number was highVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-Chemical Weed Control in sugar beet crop under an intensive and conservation soil tillage pattern: II. Crop productivity
    2019
    Co-Authors: Adamavičienė Aida, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    The experiment was conducted with a silty loam (Hipogleyic Luvisol (Calcaric)) at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture during 2004-2005. The soil was of neutral pH, medium rich in humus, phosphorus and with a low content of potassium. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of soil tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on sugar beet yield and quality: root ramification, sucrose, sodium, potassium and alpha amino nitrogen contents. The soil of the trial was tilled (factor A) intensively (loosening, ploughing) (IT) and minimally (conservation tillage-loosening) (CT). Non-Chemical Weed Control (factor B) was applied: hand Weeding, twice (Control variant) (HW); spring barley (SBM), annual ryegrass (ARM), white mustard (WMM), spring oilseed rape (SRM) living mulches and winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of the experiment, at lower temperature and average precipitation vegetation conditions (2004), a significantly higher yield of sugar beet roots was found in intensively tilled soils. In conditions of higher temperatures and uneven rainfall distribution (2005) we observed converse results. Different soil tillage had no significant influence on the quality of the roots; however, sugar beet roots were more ramified in the intensively tilled soil. The allopathic and choking properties of annual ryegrass decreased sugar beet crop yield, sucrose content and increased the amount of sodium in the roots. The highest sugar beet crop productivity was observed in the following conditions: hand Weeded, covered by straw or in the plots with oil seed rape living mulchVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Weed Control by two layer ploughing and post-emergence crop tillage in spring wheat and buckwheat
    2019
    Co-Authors: Pilipavičius Vytautas, Lazauskas Petras, Jasinskaitė Sonata
    Abstract:

    Experiments were carried out at the Kazliskiai organic farm of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in the period of 2002-2003. The aim of the work was to investigate elements of non-Chemical Weed Control methods as main soil tillage, pre-sowing and post-sowing tillage. According to theoretical preconditions and data of the experiment, it is proved that total turnover of the layer in organic agriculture is a very important means of Weed Control decreasing Weediness of the crop and increasing harvest. Two types of plough in combination with different pre-sowing and post-sowing soil tillage implements and technologies in crops of spring wheat and buckwheat were investigated. Spring wheat crops were grown comprising two varieties differing in plant height for additional investigations of their crop smothering power for Weeds. It was proven that, for Weed Control, two-layer ploughing technology was favourable to conventional 'cultural' ploughing technology and that taller varieties had greater smothering power for Weeds than shorter onesVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Romaneckas Kęstutis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The impact of Weed Control methods on sugar beet crop
    2020
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Adamavičienė Aida, Eimutytė Edita, Alandaitė Jovita, Jasinskas Algirdas
    Abstract:

    The effect of non-Chemical Weed Control on organically grown sugar beet crop productivity and quality was tested at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. The aim of the experiment was to ascertain the influence of living mulch,mechanical (mellowing, cutting, mulch-ing) and physical (steaming) Weed Controlmethodson sugar beet productivity and quality parameters. There were tested 6 Weed Control methods: inter-row mellowing(Controltreatment), cutting and mulch-ing with Weeds, Persian clover, white mustard and spring barley, inter-row steaming. Different alternative WeedControl methods usually had negative significant impact on the sugar beet crop yield except inter-row steaming treatment. In these plots,decrease of root yield was insignificantly less compared with Control treatment. The effect of Weed Control methods onsugar beet root quality parameters was weakVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

  • Impact of non-Chemical Weed Control methods on soil and sugar beet root Chemical composition
    'Polish Society for Magnesium Research', 2020
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Pupalienė Rita, Adamavičienė Aida, Eimutytė Edita, Šarauskis Egidijus, Marks Marek, Kimbirauskienė Rasa, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    A short-term, stationary field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU) in 2015–2016. The soil under the experiment was silty loam Planosol (Endohypogleyic-Eutric – Ple-gln-w). The research objective was to determine the influence of different non-Chemical Weed Control treatments on soil and sugar beet root Chemical composition under organic farming conditions. Six Weed Control methods were tested: inter-row loosening (CT, Control treatment), cutting and mulching with Weeds (MW), Persian clover (MC), white mustard (MM) and spring barley (MB), inter-row steaming (ST). According to the results of the investigation, during the two plant growing seasons, the accumulated biomass of inter-row plants positively influenced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, but decreased the proportion of magnesium and sulfur. Inter-row loosening (Control treatment) positively affected nearly all the tested soil Chemical properties (especially total nitrogen and magnesium), except for the content of sulfur. Although inter-row mulching with Weeds drastically decreased the content of phosphorus, the concentration of potassium increased. Mulching with the Persian clover improved the contents of total nitrogen and available potassium. However, this impact was common. Mulching with white mustard significantly increased the contents of potassium and magnesium. Similar results were found in the plots with spring barley living mulch. In the steamed plots, due to the lack of plant residues, the soil properties did not improve and the losses of phosphorus and magnesium were the highest in the entire experiment. Different non-Chemical Weed Control methods decreased the yield and the sucrose content in sugar beet roots. The content of potassium, sodium and alpha amino nitrogen in the roots did not significantly depend on the methods of Weed ControlVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Chemical Weed Control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop of early stages of development: I. Crop Weediness
    2020
    Co-Authors: Pilipavičius Vytautas, Aliukonienė Inga, Romaneckas Kęstutis
    Abstract:

    Field trials were carried out at Jonas Aliukonis farm in Prienai district Strielciai village during 2005-2006. Influence of 5 herbicides applied in autumn on crop of winter wheat was investigated. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is sensitive to Weed competition in early stages of growth and development. Conventionally herbicides are used in spring for Weed Control in winter cereals, therefore, perennial and winter annual Weeds have favorable conditions to grow and compete with cereals when vegetation in spring is renewing. The work hypothesis is that application of herbicides in autumn will Control Weeds that survive during winter time and winter wheat will not be damaged and better conditions for crop competition in spring after renewing of vegetation will be created. Weediness of winter wheat crop did not have any essential differences before herbicide application in autumn. After herbicide spraying in autumn Weediness of winter wheat crop decreased till 15.4-28.4% and the air-dry biomass decreased even till 56.8%. Weeds were most efficiently Controlled with Monitor in autumn comparing with non-treated Control and other herbicides applied. Crop Weediness decreased by 18 Weeds m-2 and 9.5 g m-2 of air-dry biomass, it covered 28.4% and 56.8%, respectivelyVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-Chemical Weed Control in sugar beet crop under intensive and conservation soil tillage: I. Crop Weediness
    2019
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Romaneckienė Regina, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    The effect of non-Chemical Weed Control under different soil tillage on sugar beet crop Weediness was investigated at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture in a silty loam Luvisol during the period of 2004-2005. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of soil tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on the number and dry mass of Weeds in the sugar beet crop. Treatments of the trial were the following: I. Soil tillage (factor A): 1. intensive (straw loosening, moldboard ploughing; Control variant) (IT); 2. conservation (straw loosening) (CT); II. Non-Chemical Weed Control (factor B): 1. hand Weeding, twice (Control variant) (HW); 2. spring barley living mulch (SBM); 3. annual ryegrass living mulch (ARM); 4. white mustard living mulch (WMM); 5. spring oilseed rape living mulch (SRM); 6. winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of investigations, in conditions of intensive soil tillage the highest choking of Weeds was observed by annual ryegrass (ARM) and white mustard (WMM) living mulches. In sugar beet row spaces, which were mulched with winter wheat straw mulch (WSM) there was a large number of Weeds but their mass was not high. Conversely, in conservation soil tillage conditions the lowest Weed infestation and dry mass of Weeds were observed in straw mulch (WSM) up to 4 cm. White mustard living mulch (WMM) also influenced Weed dry mass decrease though its number was highVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-Chemical Weed Control in sugar beet crop under an intensive and conservation soil tillage pattern: II. Crop productivity
    2019
    Co-Authors: Adamavičienė Aida, Romaneckas Kęstutis, Šarauskis Egidijus, Pilipavičius Vytautas
    Abstract:

    The experiment was conducted with a silty loam (Hipogleyic Luvisol (Calcaric)) at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture during 2004-2005. The soil was of neutral pH, medium rich in humus, phosphorus and with a low content of potassium. The aim of the experiment was to establish the influence of soil tillage intensity, living and straw mulch on sugar beet yield and quality: root ramification, sucrose, sodium, potassium and alpha amino nitrogen contents. The soil of the trial was tilled (factor A) intensively (loosening, ploughing) (IT) and minimally (conservation tillage-loosening) (CT). Non-Chemical Weed Control (factor B) was applied: hand Weeding, twice (Control variant) (HW); spring barley (SBM), annual ryegrass (ARM), white mustard (WMM), spring oilseed rape (SRM) living mulches and winter wheat straw mulch (WSM). According to the results of the experiment, at lower temperature and average precipitation vegetation conditions (2004), a significantly higher yield of sugar beet roots was found in intensively tilled soils. In conditions of higher temperatures and uneven rainfall distribution (2005) we observed converse results. Different soil tillage had no significant influence on the quality of the roots; however, sugar beet roots were more ramified in the intensively tilled soil. The allopathic and choking properties of annual ryegrass decreased sugar beet crop yield, sucrose content and increased the amount of sodium in the roots. The highest sugar beet crop productivity was observed in the following conditions: hand Weeded, covered by straw or in the plots with oil seed rape living mulchVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Čekanauskas Sigitas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Non-Chemical Weed Control systems in organically grown spring oilseed rape
    'Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra', 2020
    Co-Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Pupalienė Rita, Kosteckas Robertas, Mockevičienė Rita, Butkevičienė, Lina Marija, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    This study aims to determine the impact of different non-Chemical Weed Control systems on organically grown spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crop Weediness and yield of seeds. Non-Chemical Weed Control systems: 1) thermal (water steam), 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening), and 3) smothering (self-regulation). Thermal (1.5–1.8 times) and mechanical (2.5–6.8 times) Weed Control systems significantly reduced the number of Weed seedlings in spring oilseed rape crop, compared with the Weed smothering system. The most effective system of Weed Control in rape crop was mechanical (efficiency 30.9–75.5 %). Efficiency of thermal Weed Control system, compared with mechanical, was lower, 28.4–40.0 %. Before rape harvesting in plots where mechanical Weed Control was applied, compared with plots where Weed smothering was used, the number of Weeds was significantly 3.2–4.4 times lower, and dry matter mass of Weeds was 2.2–3.1 times lower. The yield of rape seeds increased with increasing efficiency of thermal and mechanical Weed Control. In 2014, the yield of rape seeds depended on number of Weed seedlings and dry matter mass of Weeds before rape harvestingVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Necheminės piktžolių kontrolės įtaka dirvožemio biologinėms savybėms vasarinių rapsų pasėlyje
    2020
    Co-Authors: Velička Rimantas, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Mockevičienė Rita, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    e-ISSN 2335-8947Tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti necheminių piktžolių kontrolės būdų įtaką dirvožemio fermentų aktyvumui ir sliekų gausumui ekologiškai augintų vasarinių rapsų pasėlyje dirvožemyje su nepastorintu (23–25 cm) ir pastorintu (45– 50 cm) humusingu sluoksniu. Lauko eksperimentas atliktas 2013–2015 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje. Dirvožemis – karbonatingas giliau glėjiškas išplautžemis (IDg4-k). Taikyti necheminiai piktžolių kontrolės būdai: 1) terminis (drėgnuoju vandens garu), 2) mechaninis (tarpueilių purenimas) ir 3) stelbimas (savireguliacija). Taikant terminį ir mechaninį piktžolių kontrolės būdą rapsai auginti 48 cm, stelbimą – 12 cm tarpueiliais. Didžiausia vasarinių rapsų šaknų biomasė (vidutiniškai 1,68 t ha-1) susiformavo dirvožemyje su nepastorintu humusingu sluoksniu taikant mechaninę piktžolių kontrolę. Rapsų šaknų biomasė priklausė nuo pasėlio tankumo (r = 0,82–0,96, P < 0,05). Dirvožemyje su nepastorintu humusingu sluoksniu dirvožemio fermentų aktyvumui skirtingi necheminiai piktžolių kontrolės būdai turėjo nedidelę įtaką. Dirvožemyje su pastorintu humusingu sluoksniu esmingai stipresnis fermentų sacharazės ir ureazės aktyvumas, palyginti su kitomis taikytomis priemonėmis, nustatytas laukeliuose, kuriuose piktžolės naikintos termiškai drėgnuoju vandens garu, o sausais 2015 m. – stelbimo laukeliuose. Pastorintame humusingame sluoksnyje, palyginti su nepastorintu, fermento ureazės aktyvumas buvo esmingai (1,5–1,6 karto) didesnis laukeliuose, kuriuose 2013 ir 2015 m. taikyta terminė piktžolių kontrolė, o 2015 m. – stelbimas (2,8 karto). Fermento sacharazės aktyvumas esmingai 1,8 karto padidėjo 2015 m. stelbimo laukeliuoseThe current study was aimed to establish the effects of non-Chemical Weed Control methods on the activity of soil enzymes and abundance of earthworms in an organically grown spring oilseed rape crop in the soil with a regular (23–25 cm) and thickened (45–50 cm) humus layers. A field experiment was conducted during the 2013–2015 period at Aleksandras Stulginskis University on a Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-n-w-cc). The following three non-Chemical Weed Control methods were explored: 1) thermal (using water steam), 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening) and 3) smothering (self-regulation). In the thermal and mechanical Weed Control treatments, spring oilseed rape was grown with an inter-row spacing of 48 cm and in Weed smothering treatments with an inter-row spacing of 12.0 cm. The highest root dry biomass of spring oilseed rape (on average 1.68 t ha-1) had been produced in the soil with a regular humus layer in the mechanical Weed Control treatment. Spring oilseed rape root dry biomass depended on the crop density (r = 0.82–0.96, P < 0.05). In the soil with a regular humus layer, the different non-Chemical Weed Control methods tested exerted little impact on soil enzyme activity. In the soil with a thickened humus layer, a significantly stronger activity of saccharase and urease enzymes, compared with the other Weed Control methods applied, was recorded for the plots under the thermal Weed Control treatments using water steam, while in a dry year of 2015 – in the plots under smothering treatments. Compared with a regular humus layer, the activity of urease enzyme in the thickened humus layer was significantly (1.5–1.6 times) higher in the plots where in 2013 and 2015 thermal Weed Control had been applied, while in 2015 – in the smothering treatment (2.8 times). The activity of saccharase significantly (1.8 times) increased in 2015 in the plots under smothering treatmentVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Impact of non-Chemical Weed Control methods on soil and sugar beet root Chemical composition
    'Polish Society for Magnesium Research', 2020
    Co-Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis, Pupalienė Rita, Adamavičienė Aida, Eimutytė Edita, Šarauskis Egidijus, Marks Marek, Kimbirauskienė Rasa, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    A short-term, stationary field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU) in 2015–2016. The soil under the experiment was silty loam Planosol (Endohypogleyic-Eutric – Ple-gln-w). The research objective was to determine the influence of different non-Chemical Weed Control treatments on soil and sugar beet root Chemical composition under organic farming conditions. Six Weed Control methods were tested: inter-row loosening (CT, Control treatment), cutting and mulching with Weeds (MW), Persian clover (MC), white mustard (MM) and spring barley (MB), inter-row steaming (ST). According to the results of the investigation, during the two plant growing seasons, the accumulated biomass of inter-row plants positively influenced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, but decreased the proportion of magnesium and sulfur. Inter-row loosening (Control treatment) positively affected nearly all the tested soil Chemical properties (especially total nitrogen and magnesium), except for the content of sulfur. Although inter-row mulching with Weeds drastically decreased the content of phosphorus, the concentration of potassium increased. Mulching with the Persian clover improved the contents of total nitrogen and available potassium. However, this impact was common. Mulching with white mustard significantly increased the contents of potassium and magnesium. Similar results were found in the plots with spring barley living mulch. In the steamed plots, due to the lack of plant residues, the soil properties did not improve and the losses of phosphorus and magnesium were the highest in the entire experiment. Different non-Chemical Weed Control methods decreased the yield and the sucrose content in sugar beet roots. The content of potassium, sodium and alpha amino nitrogen in the roots did not significantly depend on the methods of Weed ControlVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • The efficiency of non-Chemical Weed Control in winter rapeseed
    2019
    Co-Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Keida Marina, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    There are favourable conditions for spread of Weeds, pests and diseases in rapeseed crop grown in organic farming, and this is results in low rapeseed productivity. The aim of the research was to determine the efficiency of non-Chemical Weed Control methods (thermal, mechanical and smothering) in winter rapeseed crop. Field experiment was carried out in 2014–2017 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University (54°53′ N, 23°50′ E). Soil – Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. Winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera biennis Metzg.), variety ‘Cult’ (3 kg ha-1) was grown in soil with a regular (23–25 cm) (Experiment I) and thickened (45–50 cm) (Experiment II) humus layers. Experimental treatments: Factor A: non-Chemical Weed Control: 1) thermal (water steam); 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening); 3) smothering (self-regulation with narrow spacing); Factor B: use of bio-preparations: 1) no application, 2) with application (bio-organic fertilisers used: ‘Nagro’ applied for rapeseeds before sowing, ‘Terra Sorb Foliar’ was sprayed in autumn (2 l ha-1), and in spring – ‘Terra Sorb Foliar’ (1 l ha-1) and 0.3 % Conflic). In the winter rapeseed crop, annual Weed species dominated: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum perforatum (Merat) M. Lainz, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Veronica arvensis L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., and Poa annua L. During vegetation period of organic winter rapeseed crop, mechanical Weed Control was the most effective method both in autumn (efficiency was 26.8–71.5% in the soil with regular and 40.6–76.0% with thickened humus layers) and in spring (efficiency was accordingly 36.9–76, 5% and 46.4–73.3%). The effectiveness of thermal Weed Control compared to mechanical was lower. Bio-preparations increased the effectiveness of thermal and mechanical Weed Control methods only in autumn of 2014 and spring of 2015Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • The effect of non-Chemical Weed Control methods on winter oilseed rape crop Weediness and productivity
    2018
    Co-Authors: Velička Aloyzas, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Pupalienė Rita, Kosteckas Robertas, Butkevičienė, Lina Marija, Keidan Marina, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    The area of orgnanically grown oilseed rape in the world is about 93,000 ha, in Lithuania about 3,962 ha (in 2017). The yield of oilseed rape in organic farming is low and variable because oi pests, Weeds and diseases spreading. Weed Control in winter rape crops is important especialy a: early stages of development. The competitive ability of a rape crop for Weed smothering is ofter used in organically grown oilseed rape, and usage of mechanical Weed Control is limited. Therma Weed Control (steaming) is one of effective Weed Control methods in organic farming system. This study aims to investigate the effect of non-Chemical Weed Control methods on wintei oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera biennis Metzg.) crop Weediness and productivity. A field experiment was performed in 2014—2017 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandra; Stulginskis University (54°53' N, 23°50' E). The soil at the experimental site was classified as Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (Drainic) according to the WRB 2014. The main plot treatment; involved plant bio-activators as follows: 1) without application and 2) with application. The subploi treatments included a combination of non-Chemical Weed Control measures, including the following treatments: 1) thermal (water steam; row spacing of 48 cm) - TWC; 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening; row spacing of 48 cm) - MWC and 3) smothering (self-regulation; row spacing of 12 cm - SMT. Annual dicotyledonous Weeds prevailed in winter oilseed rape crop: Tripleurospermun perforatum, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris and of monocotyledonous Poa annua. Weed contro methods and plant-bioactivators had no significant effect on Weed density in winter oilseed crof before harvest. The lowest Weed dry mass was in plots were MWC method was used. The strongei effect of TWC method was estimated in plots with plant bio-activators. ... [et al.]Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Marcinkevičienė Aušra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Necheminės piktžolių kontrolės įtaka dirvožemio biologinėms savybėms vasarinių rapsų pasėlyje
    2020
    Co-Authors: Velička Rimantas, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Mockevičienė Rita, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    e-ISSN 2335-8947Tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti necheminių piktžolių kontrolės būdų įtaką dirvožemio fermentų aktyvumui ir sliekų gausumui ekologiškai augintų vasarinių rapsų pasėlyje dirvožemyje su nepastorintu (23–25 cm) ir pastorintu (45– 50 cm) humusingu sluoksniu. Lauko eksperimentas atliktas 2013–2015 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje. Dirvožemis – karbonatingas giliau glėjiškas išplautžemis (IDg4-k). Taikyti necheminiai piktžolių kontrolės būdai: 1) terminis (drėgnuoju vandens garu), 2) mechaninis (tarpueilių purenimas) ir 3) stelbimas (savireguliacija). Taikant terminį ir mechaninį piktžolių kontrolės būdą rapsai auginti 48 cm, stelbimą – 12 cm tarpueiliais. Didžiausia vasarinių rapsų šaknų biomasė (vidutiniškai 1,68 t ha-1) susiformavo dirvožemyje su nepastorintu humusingu sluoksniu taikant mechaninę piktžolių kontrolę. Rapsų šaknų biomasė priklausė nuo pasėlio tankumo (r = 0,82–0,96, P < 0,05). Dirvožemyje su nepastorintu humusingu sluoksniu dirvožemio fermentų aktyvumui skirtingi necheminiai piktžolių kontrolės būdai turėjo nedidelę įtaką. Dirvožemyje su pastorintu humusingu sluoksniu esmingai stipresnis fermentų sacharazės ir ureazės aktyvumas, palyginti su kitomis taikytomis priemonėmis, nustatytas laukeliuose, kuriuose piktžolės naikintos termiškai drėgnuoju vandens garu, o sausais 2015 m. – stelbimo laukeliuose. Pastorintame humusingame sluoksnyje, palyginti su nepastorintu, fermento ureazės aktyvumas buvo esmingai (1,5–1,6 karto) didesnis laukeliuose, kuriuose 2013 ir 2015 m. taikyta terminė piktžolių kontrolė, o 2015 m. – stelbimas (2,8 karto). Fermento sacharazės aktyvumas esmingai 1,8 karto padidėjo 2015 m. stelbimo laukeliuoseThe current study was aimed to establish the effects of non-Chemical Weed Control methods on the activity of soil enzymes and abundance of earthworms in an organically grown spring oilseed rape crop in the soil with a regular (23–25 cm) and thickened (45–50 cm) humus layers. A field experiment was conducted during the 2013–2015 period at Aleksandras Stulginskis University on a Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-n-w-cc). The following three non-Chemical Weed Control methods were explored: 1) thermal (using water steam), 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening) and 3) smothering (self-regulation). In the thermal and mechanical Weed Control treatments, spring oilseed rape was grown with an inter-row spacing of 48 cm and in Weed smothering treatments with an inter-row spacing of 12.0 cm. The highest root dry biomass of spring oilseed rape (on average 1.68 t ha-1) had been produced in the soil with a regular humus layer in the mechanical Weed Control treatment. Spring oilseed rape root dry biomass depended on the crop density (r = 0.82–0.96, P < 0.05). In the soil with a regular humus layer, the different non-Chemical Weed Control methods tested exerted little impact on soil enzyme activity. In the soil with a thickened humus layer, a significantly stronger activity of saccharase and urease enzymes, compared with the other Weed Control methods applied, was recorded for the plots under the thermal Weed Control treatments using water steam, while in a dry year of 2015 – in the plots under smothering treatments. Compared with a regular humus layer, the activity of urease enzyme in the thickened humus layer was significantly (1.5–1.6 times) higher in the plots where in 2013 and 2015 thermal Weed Control had been applied, while in 2015 – in the smothering treatment (2.8 times). The activity of saccharase significantly (1.8 times) increased in 2015 in the plots under smothering treatmentVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Non-Chemical Weed Control systems in organically grown spring oilseed rape
    'Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra', 2020
    Co-Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Pupalienė Rita, Kosteckas Robertas, Mockevičienė Rita, Butkevičienė, Lina Marija, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    This study aims to determine the impact of different non-Chemical Weed Control systems on organically grown spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crop Weediness and yield of seeds. Non-Chemical Weed Control systems: 1) thermal (water steam), 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening), and 3) smothering (self-regulation). Thermal (1.5–1.8 times) and mechanical (2.5–6.8 times) Weed Control systems significantly reduced the number of Weed seedlings in spring oilseed rape crop, compared with the Weed smothering system. The most effective system of Weed Control in rape crop was mechanical (efficiency 30.9–75.5 %). Efficiency of thermal Weed Control system, compared with mechanical, was lower, 28.4–40.0 %. Before rape harvesting in plots where mechanical Weed Control was applied, compared with plots where Weed smothering was used, the number of Weeds was significantly 3.2–4.4 times lower, and dry matter mass of Weeds was 2.2–3.1 times lower. The yield of rape seeds increased with increasing efficiency of thermal and mechanical Weed Control. In 2014, the yield of rape seeds depended on number of Weed seedlings and dry matter mass of Weeds before rape harvestingVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • The influnce of non-Chemical Weed Control on the productivity of spring oilseed rape
    2020
    Co-Authors: Mockevičienė Rita, Velička Rimantas, Marcinkevičienė Aušra
    Abstract:

    https://doi.org/10.7220/9786094674662; https://zua.vdu.lt/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Agroeco_2020_Abstracts-Book.pdfThere is a considerable amount of investigations on oilseed rape cultivated in an organic production system, but there is a lack of investigations in Lithuanian climate conditions, particularly involving innovative Weed Control methods. Field experiment was carried at Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy in 2014–2016. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of non-Chemical Weed Control methods and bio-preparations on spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera annua Metzg.) productivity. Treatments of the experiment: Factor A: Weed Control methods: 1) thermal (Weed Control with water steam, inter-row spacing 48 cm), 2) mechanical (Weed Control with an inter-row cultivator, inter-row spacing 48 cm), 3) self regulation (natural crop-Weed competition, inter-row spacing 12 cm); Factor B: bio-preparations application: 1) with bio-preparations, 2) without bio-preparations. In the plots of thermal and mechanical Weed Control an increase was established in plant above-ground mass (from 1.52 till 2.40 times), area (from 1.59 till 186 times), length (from 1.55 till 2.00 times) and mass (from 1.42 till 1.60 times) of spring oilseed rape root, compared with the self-regulation plots. Bio-preparations increased oilseed rape above-ground mass, area, length and mass of root in the plots of thermal Weed Control. In the treatments of thermal and mechanical Weed Control in combination with bio-preparations, compared with self-regulations treatments, there was recorded higher plant height, dry matter mass, number of branches, number of siliques and number of seeds per silique. In the crop without the use of bio-preparations, the efficacy of mechanical Weed Control for oilseed rape biometric and yield structural indicators was higher, compared with that of thermal Weed Control. The highest oilseed rape seed yield was formed in the thermal Weed Control treatment in [...]Agronomijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

  • The efficiency of non-Chemical Weed Control in winter rapeseed
    2019
    Co-Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Keida Marina, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    There are favourable conditions for spread of Weeds, pests and diseases in rapeseed crop grown in organic farming, and this is results in low rapeseed productivity. The aim of the research was to determine the efficiency of non-Chemical Weed Control methods (thermal, mechanical and smothering) in winter rapeseed crop. Field experiment was carried out in 2014–2017 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University (54°53′ N, 23°50′ E). Soil – Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. Winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera biennis Metzg.), variety ‘Cult’ (3 kg ha-1) was grown in soil with a regular (23–25 cm) (Experiment I) and thickened (45–50 cm) (Experiment II) humus layers. Experimental treatments: Factor A: non-Chemical Weed Control: 1) thermal (water steam); 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening); 3) smothering (self-regulation with narrow spacing); Factor B: use of bio-preparations: 1) no application, 2) with application (bio-organic fertilisers used: ‘Nagro’ applied for rapeseeds before sowing, ‘Terra Sorb Foliar’ was sprayed in autumn (2 l ha-1), and in spring – ‘Terra Sorb Foliar’ (1 l ha-1) and 0.3 % Conflic). In the winter rapeseed crop, annual Weed species dominated: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum perforatum (Merat) M. Lainz, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Veronica arvensis L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., and Poa annua L. During vegetation period of organic winter rapeseed crop, mechanical Weed Control was the most effective method both in autumn (efficiency was 26.8–71.5% in the soil with regular and 40.6–76.0% with thickened humus layers) and in spring (efficiency was accordingly 36.9–76, 5% and 46.4–73.3%). The effectiveness of thermal Weed Control compared to mechanical was lower. Bio-preparations increased the effectiveness of thermal and mechanical Weed Control methods only in autumn of 2014 and spring of 2015Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Integrated Assessment of Organic Spring Rapeseed Crop Applying non-Chemical Weed Control in Combination With Bio-preparations
    2019
    Co-Authors: Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Kosteckas Robertas, Mockevičienė Rita, Kon, Halil Ibrahim Fira, Meškauskas Simonas
    Abstract:

    Puslapių numeracija pagal pataisytą leidinįIncreasing environmental awareness, demand for safe, organic food and concerns about decreasing soil fertility, rapeseed cultivation in an organic farming might be a relevant solution contributing to environment protection and climate change mitigation. Therefore in 2014–2016 carried out field experiments of organic spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera annua Metzg.) at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University which is in the Kaunas District (54°53' N, 23°50' E), Lithuania. The aim of the research was to estimate the effects of non-Chemical Weed Control methods (thermal, mechanical and self-regulation) and bio-preparations on the of spring rapeseed crop.Experimental results of integrated assessment of organic spring rapeseed crop, which involves soil enzyme activity, earthworm and Weed mass, the most prevalent diseases and pests, and CO2 emission from the soil, showed that in the treatments of spring rapeseed grown with and without bio-preparations, irrespective of the non-Chemical Weed Control methods applied, the rapeseed yield assessment points did not rise above the assessment limit, i.e., five points. Analysis of soil enzyme activity in crop without bio-preparations showed, that for the thermal Weed Control treatment the assessment point of saccharase activity was higher than the assessment limit. Without the use of biopreparations, when using self-regulation, the assessment point of urease activity was close to five points and when using bio-preparations, the assessment point of urease activity was significantly higher than five points. The highest assessment points of earthworm and Weed dry mass, and CO2 emission from the soil, both with and without the use of bio-preparations were established when using self-regulation.[...]Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij