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Mehmet Kanoglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • performance and parametric investigation of a binary Geothermal Power plant by exergy
    Renewable Energy, 2008
    Co-Authors: Mehmet Kanoglu, Ali Bolatturk
    Abstract:

    Exergy analysis of a binary Geothermal Power plant is performed using actual plant data to assess the plant performance and pinpoint sites of primary exergy destruction. Exergy destruction throughout the plant is quantified and illustrated using an exergy diagram, and compared to the energy diagram. The sites with greater exergy destructions include brine reinjection, heat exchanger and condenser losses. Exergetic efficiencies of major plant components are determined in an attempt to assess their individual performances. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the plant are 4.5% and 21.7%, respectively, based on the energy and exergy of Geothermal water at the heat exchanger inlet. The energy and exergy efficiencies are 10.2% and 33.5%, respectively, based on the heat input and exergy input to the binary Rankine cycle. The effects of turbine inlet pressure and temperature and the condenser pressure on the exergy and energy efficiencies, the net Power output and the brine reinjection temperature are investigated and the trends are explained.

  • exergy analysis of a dual level binary Geothermal Power plant
    Geothermics, 2002
    Co-Authors: Mehmet Kanoglu
    Abstract:

    Exergy analysis of a 12.4 MW existing binary Geothermal Power plant is performed using actual plant data to assess the plant performance and pinpoint sites of primary exergy destruction. Exergy destruction throughout the plant is quantified and illustrated using an exergy flow diagram, and compared to the energy flow diagram. The causes of exergy destruction in the plant include the exergy of the working fluid lost in the condenser, the exergy of the brine reinjected, the turbine-pump losses, and the preheater–vaporizer losses. The exergy destruction at these sites accounts for 22.6, 14.8, 13.9, and 13.0% of the total exergy input to the plant, respectively. Exergetic efficiencies of major plant components are determined in an attempt to assess their individual performances. The exergetic efficiency of the plant is determined to be 29.1% based on the exergy of the Geothermal fluid at the vaporizer inlet, and 34.2% based on the exergy drop of the brine across the vaporizer–preheater system (i.e. exergy input to the Rankine cycle). For comparison, the corresponding thermal efficiencies for the plant are calculated to be 5.8 and 8.9%, respectively.

  • thermodynamic evaluation of a single flash Geothermal Power plant in nevada
    1996
    Co-Authors: Mehmet Kanoglu, Yunus A Cengel, R H Turner
    Abstract:

    First and second law analysis of a 12.5 MW single-flash design Geothermal Power plant in Nevada is performed using actual plant data, and alternatives are investigated to improve its performance. Exergy destruction throughout the plant is quantified and illustrated using an exergy cascade. The major source of exergy destruction is reinjection of brine after its separation from the steam. It accounts for 48.5% of total exergy destruction. The first and the second law efficiencies of the plant are calculated to be 5.7% and 21.6%, respectively, based on the exergy of the geofluid at downwell. These values seem to be very low. The analysis of alternative designs are based on the exergy analysis. Among the alternatives investigated, a double-flash design would increase the net Power output by 4.5 MW (or 36%), depending on the secondary flash pressure chosen. The combined single-flash/binary design would increase the net Power output by about 5.0 MW depending on the working fluid chosen.

Riccardo Basosi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • life cycle assessment of atmospheric emission profiles of the italian Geothermal Power plants
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019
    Co-Authors: Maria Laura Parisi, Nicola Ferrara, Loredana Torsello, Riccardo Basosi
    Abstract:

    Abstract After nearly a decade of only small development in capacity in deep Geothermal sector in Europe, in recent years a resurgence of interest in Geothermal Power and the use of innovative technologies to increase and better exploit geo-thermoelectric generation has stolen the limelight from the scientific community. Differently from other types of energy sources, the environmental impacts determined by Geothermal exploitation are extremely dependent on the geographical location. Life Cycle Assessment offers a Powerful methodological approach for the investigation of the environmental footprint of Power generation systems. Focusing on an unprecedented system-modelling approach for the investigation of an environmental impacts analysis of geo-thermoelectric activity in the Tuscany Region, Italy, in this work we perform a comprehensive environmental impact assessment for the calculation of atmospheric emissions profiles connected with the operational phase of the Power plants. A clustering of all the Geothermal installations in operation nowadays is performed by considering geographical representativeness This allows the identification of regional Geothermal subareas. Moreover, an extensive data processing analysis is implemented with the aim of reconciling the great variability found among data collected. Results demonstrate that the efforts undertaken by the operator of the Geothermal Power plants to limit the impact of emissions, through abatement systems like AMIS, are quite effective. Indeed, in areas where mercury and ammonia concentration in fluids constitute a problem to deal with, nowadays the emissive patterns result comparable to the other ones. Notwithstanding, mercury and ammonia emissions, mainly emitted through the cooling towers, still represent a critical problem for all the Geothermal fields. On the basis of our findings we conclude that potential chemical interactions and environmental impacts related to the variety of the compounds emitted should be object of future research and a further effort to minimize them.

  • environmental impact of electricity from selected Geothermal Power plants in italy
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mirko Bravi, Riccardo Basosi
    Abstract:

    Abstract Geothermal plants supply a significant contribution to the electricity balance from renewable sources in Tuscany. However, this electricity conversion is not exempt from environmental drawbacks. In our study, the electricity production phases of four Geothermal electricity plants are analyzed by means of a careful airborne emissions assessment carried out over the entire LCA of the plants. The impact categories considered are global warming (GWP), acidification (ACP) and human toxicology (HTP). The functional unit used is 1 MWh of electric energy produced from Geothermal Power plants in Mount Amiata area. For the environmental impact categories considered, the impact potentials are evaluated for each of the four Geothermal Power plants as follows: 380–1045 kg CO2 eq/MWh for GWP, 0.1–44.8 kg SO2 eq/MWh for ACP and 1.1–31.6 kg, 1.4-DB eq/MWh for HTP. The main contributions to the impact are associated with the high content of NH3, H2S, CH4 and CO2 gases present in the effluents of each plant. The impact change in relation to the Geothermal site has a strong correlation to the basin of fluid withdrawal and is related to the technologies used for pollutants depletion. In some cases the impact is higher than that found for production of electricity from fossil fuels (for example, a coal plant of comparable Power).

Nugroho Agung Pambudi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Geothermal Power generation in Indonesia, a country within the ring of fire: Current status, future development and policy
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nugroho Agung Pambudi
    Abstract:

    Indonesia has a huge of Geothermal potential in the world since the location of the country is in the ring of fire in volcano line. Approximately 28.91 GW of Geothermal energy potential is spread across 312 locations on several islands such as Java, Sulawesi and Sumatra, Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi. However, the utilization ratio of this potential is small, less than 5%, generate 1533.5 MW electricity from 11 Geothermal Power plant such as Gunung salak, which has a capacity of 377 MW, 270 MW of darajat; 227 MW of Wayang windu, 235 MW of Kamojang, 60 MW of Dieng, 55 MW of Patuha. 165 MW of Ulubelu, 12 MW of Sibayak, 120 MW of Lahendong, and 10 MW of Ulumbu. Most of the Geothermal reservoirs are water-dominated. However, two reservoirs in Gunung salak and Lahendong, are vapor-dominated. Therefore Dry steam Power plant is employed in those two plant. In the current situation, Indonesia has aggressive plans for future development Geothermal Power plant. In 2005 Geothermal roadmap target had been released to produce 9500 MW. However, this target then evaluated to more realistic to 7000 MW in 2025. Last year in 2016 additional of the 35 MW Kamojang unit-5, 40 MW of Lahendong 2 × 20 MW and 55 MW of Ulubelu unit-3 has been inaugurated. Furthermore, five more plants will be operated in Ulubelu, Lahendong and Sarulla, Karaha bodas and Lamut balai. To promote more development of Geothermal energy, government has issued laws such as Law No. 21 of 2014 represents a change from the policy of Act No. 27 of 2003. An important point of revision is that Geothermal Power generation is no longer classed as a mining operation. The law also describes the price of Geothermal energy in three different area divisions, each with a different benchmark price.

  • Exergy analysis and optimization of Dieng single-Flash Geothermal Power plant
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nugroho Agung Pambudi, Saeid Jalilinasrabady, Ryuichi Itoi, Khasani Jaelani
    Abstract:

    Abstract Exergy analysis and optimization of a single-flash Geothermal Power plant are conducted by developing a mathematical model that is applied to the Dieng Geothermal Power plant in Indonesia. Calculations are conducted by using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) code using methods based on the laws of thermodynamics. The exergy flow and efficiency are computed at several plant components, including the separator, turbine, condenser, and for the whole Power plant. The exergy of the Geothermal fluid that is discharged from the production wells is estimated to be 59.52 MW. This amount of fluid produces 21.71 MW of electricity from the Power plant overall, with second law efficiency to be 36.48%. There is a considerable amount of waste brine, amounting to 17.98% (10.70 MW) of the total available exergy, which is disposed of in the plant’s reservoir. The optimization of the plant is carried out by adjusting the separator pressure. The results show that a slight increase of 20 kW in the output Power can be attained by lowering the separator pressure to 9 bar from 10 bar. The Grassmann diagram shows the exergy losses at each component in the Power plant. The turbine and separator losses are 7.51 MW (12.62%) and 8.04 MW (13.5%), respectively, while the cooling tower has an exergy loss of 2.62 MW (4.40%). The total condenser loss is 5.8 MW (9.75%).

Tubagus Ahmad Fauzi Soelaiman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dry steam cycle application for excess steam utilization kamojang Geothermal Power plant case study
    Renewable Energy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lukman Adi Prananto, Riza Mochamad Iqbal, Firman Bagja Juangsa, Muhammad Aziz, Tubagus Ahmad Fauzi Soelaiman
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigated the utilization of available excess steam by the Kamojang Geothermal Power plant, which, owing to the vapor-domination of the steam, utilizes a dry steam cycle. A model of the system was validated against actual Kamojang Unit-2 data and found to produce accurate results within a low discrepancy level (

  • Use of the Kalina cycle as a bottoming cycle in a Geothermal Power plant: Case study of the Wayang Windu Geothermal Power plant
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lukman Adi Prananto, Bobby Irawan Mahendranata, Ilman Nuran Zaini, Firman Bagja Juangsa, Muhammad Aziz, Tubagus Ahmad Fauzi Soelaiman
    Abstract:

    This study focuses on the use of brine discharged from Geothermal fluid at the Wayang Windu Geothermal Power plant. The Kalina cycle system (KCS) is investigated in an effort to generate electricity from the unused brine. This scheme develops KCS 11 owing to good performance at low to mid-range temperatures. Owing to impurities and the SiO2content in brine, the brine temperature at the outlet of the evaporator is maintained higher than the minimum silica saturation index standard. The ideal performance of the system is obtained with the optimization of the ammonia–water mixture and pinch temperature of the heat exchangers. Moreover, heat exchanger utilities (i.e., evaporators and recuperators) are designed in detail to analyze the feasibility of the system. An air-cooled condenser is adopted in the system owing the remote location surrounded by mountains. The designed system generates 1660.30 kW of electricity with thermal efficiency of 13.20%. Considering the zero cost of brine, this system is expected to be the solution for optimizing electricity generation in Indonesia.

Ronald Dipippo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Geothermal Power plants evolution and performance assessments
    Geothermics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ronald Dipippo
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper traces the technical development of Geothermal plants from the very beginning, focusing on the efficiency of the Geothermal-to-electrical energy conversion. The plants at Larderello (Italy) and Wairakei (New Zealand) are examined in some detail. Included are discussions and analyses of little-known plants in Africa and on the Italian island of Ischia that pioneered the development of Geothermal energy conversion systems beyond the dry steam plants in Tuscany. Presented are important milestones in Geothermal Power plant development that opened the way to worldwide expansion of the use of Geothermal resources for electricity generation. It is shown that while there has been a slight trend toward higher efficiency over the years, the improvement is less than has occurred in conventional fossil-fueled Power plants. The efficiency gains result mainly from more elaborate conversion systems whose extra capital costs may not be justified in all cases. Nevertheless, the data show that Geothermal Power plants can be designed and built to achieve high efficiencies, comparable to or even greater than conventional plants when appropriate economic conditions and incentives exist.

  • Geothermal Power plants principles applications case studies and environmental impact
    2008
    Co-Authors: Ronald Dipippo
    Abstract:

    Now in its 4th edition, this single resource covers all aspects of the utilization of Geothermal energy for Power generation using fundamental scientific and engineering principles. Its practical emphasis is enhanced by the use of global case studies from real plants and applications from around the world that increase your understanding of Geothermal energy conversion and provide a unique compilation of hard-to-obtain data and experience. Technical, economic and business aspects presented in case studies provide current and up-and-coming Geothermal developers and entrepreneurs with a solid understanding of opportunities and pitfalls. Geothermal Power Plants, 4th Edition, presents state-of-the-art Geothermal developments and experience of real applications for professionals, and a comprehensive reference for theory and practice. Important new and revised content on double- and triple-flash steam Power plants, plant and well pumps, and biomass-Geothermal and solar-Geothermal hybrid systems New chapters on global case studies with comprehensive and up-to-date statistics, including New Zealand, Indonesia, Central America and the Caribbean, and the state of Nevada, USA, plus updated chapters on Larderello (Italy), The Geysers (USA), Turkey and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) make this useable and relevant for a global audience Revised and additional practice problems with emphasis on system simulation using electronic equations of state for working fluid properties. SI units are now used exclusively

  • Geothermal Power plants
    2005
    Co-Authors: Ronald Dipippo
    Abstract:

    This chapter describes the most common systems used for Geothermal Power generation: director dry steam, single- and double-flash, and binary plants. Simple line diagrams and descriptions of major components are provided. Working equations are given to allow simple calculations of Power output and efficiency. Some performance assessments are presented and typical efficiencies for various plants are given. Geothermal technology has advanced over the past 100 years to the extent that energy conversion systems are now available to work with any kind of Geothermal reservoir conditions over a wide range of temperatures. Several innovative systems are discussed, including a promising new technology that may open up vast areas to Geothermal development, namely, enhanced Geothermal systems (EGS).

  • Geothermal energy as a source of electricity a worldwide survey of the design and operation of Geothermal Power plants
    2002
    Co-Authors: Ronald Dipippo
    Abstract:

    An overview of Geothermal Power generation is presented. A survey of Geothermal Power plants is given for the following countries: China, El Salvador, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Turkey, USSR, and USA. A survey of countries planning Geothermal Power plants is included. (MHR)