Hydrothermal Liquefaction

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Phillip E. Savage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Yuanhui Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization and bioremediation potential of byproducts from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of food wastes
    Bioresource Technology Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Michael James Stablein, Aersi Aierzhati, Jamison Watson, Yuanhui Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hydrothermal Liquefaction is a thermochemical process that uses heat and pressure to convert biowastes into renewable biocrude oil, simultaneously generating both a metal and phosphorus rich solid phase and a nutrient rich aqueous phase. Eight types of food waste, all collected from a campus dining hall and grouped into lipid-rich, protein-rich, and carbohydrate-rich feedstocks, were processed with conditions ranging from 280–340 °C and 10–60 min reaction time. The byproducts for the optimized oil yield conditions were analyzed to elucidate mechanisms by which compounds are concentrated in different phases through their characterization. The differences in elemental and biochemical composition among feedstocks demonstrate considerable gaps in understanding the expected characteristics as a result of several reaction parameters and how to best reuse the materials. This work additionally reviews considerations for subsequent anaerobic digestion and algae cultivation with respect to the nutrients and inhibitory contents of the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Aqueous Phase.

  • Biocrude Oil Production through the Maillard Reaction between Leucine and Glucose during Hydrothermal Liquefaction
    Energy & Fuels, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yi Qiu, Jun Cheng, Aersi Aierzhati, Hao Guo, Weijuan Yang, Yuanhui Zhang
    Abstract:

    In this work, leucine and glucose were used as model molecules to investigate the Maillard reaction between proteins and carbohydrates during Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae. The main...

  • Reduce recalcitrance of cornstalk using post-Hydrothermal Liquefaction wastewater pretreatment.
    Bioresource technology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yuanhui Zhang, Jamison Watson, Aersi Aierzhati
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) using an acidic catalyst is known to be effective for reducing lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance. Post-Hydrothermal Liquefaction wastewater (PHW) from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of swine manure contains a large fraction of organic acids and thus was introduced to improve the HTP of cornstalk in this study. The response surface methodology was performed to optimize operating parameters of HTP for preserving structural polysaccharides while removing the barrier substances. A remarkable co-extraction of cell wall polymers was observed during PHW-catalyzed HTP at 172 °C for 88 min. The analysis of particle size, crystalline cellulose, the degree of polymerization (DP), mole number (MN) and SEM suggested that the co-extraction effect could distinctively alter lignocellulosic structures associated with recalcitrance and thus accelerate biomass saccharification. Additionally, the biodegradability of PHW was improved after HTP as a result of balanced nutrients and increased acids and sugars suitable for biogas production via anaerobic fermentation.

  • Effects of the extraction solvents in Hydrothermal Liquefaction processes: Biocrude oil quality and energy conversion efficiency
    Energy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jamison Watson, Yuanhui Zhang, Raquel De Souza, Zhidan Liu
    Abstract:

    One prevailing issue for assessing the performance of Hydrothermal Liquefaction is understanding the role of the extraction solvent used for product separation. This study evaluated the extraction agent's impact on the Hydrothermal Liquefaction products and energy efficiency. Three representative solvents (acetone, dichloromethane, and toluene) were chosen with three representative high-carbohydrate, protein, and ash content feedstocks (Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., and Enteromorpha pr., respectively). Extraction of the oil using dichloromethane led to the highest biocrude oil yield (dry biomass) for Chlorella sp. (48.8%), toluene for Nannochloropsis sp. (23.3%), and acetone for Enteromorpha pr. (9.8%). The solvent selection led to a maximum variation of 20.4% for all oil yields. Dichloromethane produced high energy recovery values (maximum: 67.1%) and low energy consumption ratios (minimum: 0.06) regardless of the feedstock chemical composition. Dichloromethane also led to consistently high net energy values and high fossil energy ratios amongst all feedstocks. We speculate that the solvent polarity, chemical structure, hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole interactions influenced output parameters by the selective isolation and extraction of the chemical compounds in the biocrude oil. This study suggested that the extraction solvent selection should be carefully considered and normalized for the reporting of Hydrothermal Liquefaction yields and energy efficiency values.

  • Nitrogen Migration and Transformation during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Livestock Manures
    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yuanhui Zhang, Zhidan Liu
    Abstract:

    Nitrogen flow and fate critically affects the Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of protein-rich feedstock such as livestock manure and algae. It also impacts the downstream process of HTL aqueous and...

Bin Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Valérie Montouillout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Biosourced analogs of elastomer-containing bitumen through Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Spirulina sp. microalgae residues
    Green Chemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ilef Borghol, Clémence Queffélec, Olivier Lépine, Patricia Bolle, Julie Descamps, Christophe Lombard, Delphine Kucma, Chantal Lorentz, Dorothée Laurenti, Valérie Montouillout
    Abstract:

    The Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Spirulina sp. microalgae (i.e. cyanobacteria) byproducts was investigated for the production of road binders from renewable sources. In the 220-300 °C temperature range, a water-insoluble viscous material was obtained in a ca. 50% yield, which consisted of an oily fatty acid-based fraction mixed with organic and inorganic solid residues (ca. 20%). More interestingly, this material exhibited viscoelastic properties similar to elastomer-containing bitumen, when operating the Hydrothermal Liquefaction between 240 and 260 °C. This is the first example of a bio-sourced product showing such properties. At higher temperature, fragmentation of species of high molecular weight occurred, resulting in less viscous materials that were no more thermorheologically simple. The reactor filling ratio was also allowed to vary (i.e. 30% versus 60%), showing very little influence in terms of yield and viscoelastic properties of the resulting bio-binders.

Thallada Bhaskar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of temperature and solvent on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of sargassum tenerrimum algae
    Bioresource Technology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Bijoy Biswas, Rawel Singh, Thallada Bhaskar, Aishwarya Arun Kumar, Yashasvi Bisht, Jitendra Kumar
    Abstract:

    Abstract The influence of various solvents (H2O, CH3OH, and C2H5OH) on product distribution and nature of products during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of sargassum tenerrimum algae has been examined. Hydrothermal Liquefaction was performed using H2O (260, 280 and 300 °C) and organic solvents CH3OH and C2H5OH (280 °C) for 15 min. The use of organic solvents significantly increased the yield of bio-oil. In the case of Liquefaction with CH3OH and C2H5OH, the bio-oil yield was 22.8 and 23.8 wt.% respectively whereas the bio-oil yield was 16.33 wt.% with H2O. GC–MS analysis of the liquid products indicated the presence of various organic compounds including aromatics, nitrogenated and oxygenated compounds and higher selectivity amount of ester compounds were observed in the presence of alcoholic solvents. NMR and FT-IR showed that present of solvents have an effect on the decomposition of sargassum tenerrimum algae.

  • Hydrothermal Liquefaction of agricultural and forest biomass residue: comparative study
    Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rawel Singh, Aditya Prakash, Bhavya Balagurumurthy, Raghuvir Singh, Sandeep Saran, Thallada Bhaskar
    Abstract:

    Biomass is a promising feedstock for the production of valuable oxygenated hydrocarbons due to presence of wide range of functionalities. Hydrothermal Liquefaction is an attractive approach for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass as it does not require any drying. The objective of this study is to carry out Hydrothermal Liquefaction (280 °C for 15 min) of forest (pine wood, deodar) and agricultural (wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse) biomass under non-catalytic and catalytic (KOH, K_2CO_3) conditions. The analysis of solid residue and bio-oils was carried out to understand the differences in composition with respect to feedstock. Agricultural biomass showed higher conversion under thermal and catalytic conditions compared to forest biomass. K_2CO_3 showed higher catalytic activity in terms of both bio-oil yield as well as conversion for agricultural (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse) biomass compared to forest (pine wood and deodar) biomass. Sugarcane bagasse showed the highest conversion (95 %) among the four samples investigated. The compositions of bio-oils from forest biomass residue contained both phenolic compounds and furans. FTIR and Powder XRD analysis of feedstock as well as solid residue showed that the peaks due to cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin became weak in solid residue samples.

  • Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass
    Recent Advances in Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rawel Singh, Aditya Prakash, Bhavya Balagurumurthy, Thallada Bhaskar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermochemical methods are efficient routes for conversion of biomass. Among them, Hydrothermal Liquefaction is the most promising method as it can convert feedstocks (lignocellulosic biomass and algae) with very high moisture content into bio-oil and platform chemicals without energy-intensive pretreatment. In order to better understand the underlying reaction mechanisms and major experimental variables during Hydrothermal Liquefaction, this chapter describes the basic understanding of physical and chemical properties of subcritical water, Hydrothermal Liquefaction studies of individual biomass components as well as whole biomass, and their reaction paths and products. The role of process variables, including biomass composition, temperature, residence times, heating rate, particles size, solvent, catalyst, reactor configuration, and so on, that are important for the bio-oil yield and product quality is discussed in the chapter.

  • effect of solvent on the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of macro algae ulva fasciata
    Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rawel Singh, Thallada Bhaskar, Bhavya Balagurumurthy
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hydrothermal Liquefaction is an attractive approach for the conversion of aquatic biomass like algae as it does not require the energy intensive drying steps. The objective of the study is to understand the effect of various solvents (H2O, CH3OH and C2H5OH) on product distribution and nature of products of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of macro algae Ulva fasciata (MAUF). Hydrothermal Liquefaction of MAUF was performed using subcritical H2O (300 °C) as well as supercritical organic solvents CH3OH and C2H5OH (300 °C). The use of alcoholic solvents significantly increased the bio-oil yield. The bio-oil yield was 44% and 40% in case of Liquefaction with CH3OH and C2H5OH respectively whereas the bio-oil yield was 11% with H2O. Use of alcoholic solvents converted the acids obtained in bio-oil to the corresponding methyl and ethyl esters. 1H NMR data showed that use of alcoholic solvents (C2H5OH and CH3OH) increased aliphatic content of bio-oil1 (ether/methanol/ethanol fraction). FTIR and SEM results showed the difference in the bio residue obtained using alcoholic solvents and H2O. The results showed that Liquefaction with supercritical alcohols is an effective way to produce functional hydrocarbons for chemical feedstock.

  • Hydrothermal Liquefaction of macro algae: Effect of feedstock composition
    Fuel, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rawel Singh, Bhavya Balagurumurthy, Thallada Bhaskar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to the increasing thrust on third generation biofuels, algal research has gained a lot of importance in the recent years. Effective utilization of algal biomass in a single step is necessary as it can produce fungible hydrocarbons in addition to a variety of valuable products. Hydrothermal Liquefaction does not require the energy intensive drying steps and is an attractive approach for the conversion of algae which has high moisture content. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of compositional changes of macro algae samples Ulva fasciata (MA’UF), Enteromorpha sp. (MA’E) and Sargassum tenerrimum (MA’ST) on product distribution and nature of products. Various macro algae samples were converted to bio-oil by Hydrothermal Liquefaction in a batch reactor at 280 °C for 15 min with biomass:water ratio of 1:6. The Liquefaction products were separated into ether soluble fraction (bio-oil1), water-soluble fraction, solid residue and gaseous fraction. Maximum conversion of 81% was observed with macro algae (MA) UF. The effect of varying feedstock compositions were reflected in the bio-oil and bio-residue yields. The maximum conversion and bio-oil yield was observed with MA’UF due to the presence of higher carbohydrate content than other feeds. FTIR and NMR spectra showed high percentage of aliphatic functional groups for all bio-oils.

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