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Domenico Otranto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longrange eprinomectin 5 w v extended release injection efficacy against Hypoderma lineatum in an endemic area in southern italy
Parasites & Vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Steffen Rehbein, Alessio Giannelli, Becky Fankhauser, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Despite intensive control measures including governmental campaigns using highly-efficacious systemic insecticides, there is evidence for persisting or recurring bovine Hypoderma species populations in parts of Europe, the USA and Canada. The present study evaluated the efficacy of LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin 5% w/v extended-release injection) against the infestation of cattle with Hypoderma lineatum, which is considered to be the predominant bovine warble fly in southern Europe and in North America. METHODS: Thirty-six local breed cattle sourced in an endemic area in southern Italy and confirmed positive for Hypoderma exposure by ELISA were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 animals each. Cattle of one group served as control and received saline injectable solution, whereas those in the two other groups received LONGRANGE® by subcutaneous injection. LONGRANGE® was administered once, either when Hypoderma larvae were expected to be first-instars (L1) or after warbles development, with Hypoderma larvae moulting to the second-(L2) and third-(L3) instars. Cattle were checked at intervals for warbles and Hypoderma larvae were collected, examined for their viability and morphologically identified. The detection of Hypoderma on cattle was terminated when warbles were no longer emerging. RESULTS: All intact larvae collected were identified as H. lineatum. No live larvae were collected from any animal treated with LONGRANGE® while live specimens were sampled from nine of the 12 control cattle (1 to 9 larvae per animal) (P = 0.0001 at α = 0.05). LONGRANGE® treatment was well accepted and no adverse events related to treatment or other health problems were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the continued ‘preventive’ (efficacy against migrating L1) and ‘therapeutic’ (efficacy against L2 and L3 in warbles) efficacy of LONGRANGE® against H. lineatum infestation of cattle under contemporary field conditions.
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first diagnosis of an imported human myiasis caused by Hypoderma sinense diptera oestridae detected in a european traveler returning from india
Journal of Travel Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: S Puente, Domenico Otranto, R Panadero, P Diezbanos, Maria Dolores Herrero, Pablo Rivas, German Ramirezolivencia, Cesar Mariscal, Maria J Perteguer, Teresa GarateAbstract:This paper reports a case of myiasis caused by Hypoderma sinense in a European man returning from a journey through northern India. The patient showed eosinophilia, systemic signs of inflammation, and painful swellings in several parts of the body. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific serology and parasite molecular identification.
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analysis of a mitochondrial noncoding region for the identification of the most diffused Hypoderma species diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:Abstract Hypoderma spp. larvae cause internal myiasis in domestic and wild animals characterized by subcutaneous warbles. Their differentiation is usually performed at species level based on the morphology of third stage larvae. The recent release of the whole mtDNA of Hypoderma lineatum and the retrieval of a 102 bp noncoding region occurring between tRNASer and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1) genes represented the foundation for this study. The noncoding region and the two flanking mitochondrial genes (i.e., tRNASer and nd1) of the most diffused Hypoderma spp. (i.e., Hypoderma actaeon, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma diana, H. lineatum, Hypoderma sinense and Hypoderma tarandi) were analysed. Interspecific variations in amplicon size (from 20 to 102 bp in H. tarandi and H. lineatum, respectively) and nucleotide sequences allowed a genetic discrimination of the examined species providing information instrumental to a rapid molecular identification of Hypoderma spp.
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the mitochondrial genome of the common cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:The mitochondrial DNA of the cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae) was completely sequenced. The entire molecule was 16 354 bp long and presented a heavy bias towards A + T, which accounted for 77.8% of the whole genome. Hypoderma lineatum genes were organized in the same order and orientation as in the mitochondrial genomes available for other species belonging to the Oestroidea superfamily and compared in this study [Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Dermatobia hominis (L.)], except for the occurrence of a 102-bp non-coding region partially present in other species. The complete sequence of H. lineatum will represent a useful dataset to evaluate the evolutionary pattern of mtDNA within Oestroidea by using molecular information in diagnostic, taxonomic and evolutionary studies.
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Hypoderma sinense solving a century old enigma
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Douglas D Colwell, Thomas PapeAbstract:. Among the species of Hypoderma (Diptera: Oestridae) that have been described and named over the last three centuries, Hypoderma sinense Pleske has been the subject of several scientific discussions. Hypoderma sinense was described by T. Pleske in 1926 on the basis of only three females collected by the Russian explorer P. K. Kozlov nearly 25 years earlier during a scientific expedition to China (1900–1901). This species was examined by the foremost oestrid authorities and synonomized with H. lineatum. Recently a unique, unidentified species of Hypoderma was observed to infect cattle and yaks in China. Molecular and morphological observations confirmed the unique nature of the third-stage larvae. This data initiated a debate within the scientific community regarding the proper name of this species, in particular with reference to previous taxonomical discussion on the validity of H. sinense. The present work provides a historical overview of the Russian scientific expeditions that collected the specimens and of the explorers and the entomologists who contributed to the description of H. sinense. The morphological examination of the original type material of H. sinense and the comparison with females of H. lineatum indicated that the H. sinense lectotype, deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, was within the range of variation of H. lineatum. Comparisons of the cox1 (688 bp) sequence obtained from the leg of a paralectotype of H. sinense with those of H. bovis (Linneaus), H. lineatum (De Villers) and of a sixth valid species of Hypoderma identified as ‘H. sinense’ available in GenBank revealed differences of 9.7%, 7.2% and 0.3%, respectively. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the nominal species H. sinense should be treated as valid.
Douglas D Colwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of a mitochondrial noncoding region for the identification of the most diffused Hypoderma species diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:Abstract Hypoderma spp. larvae cause internal myiasis in domestic and wild animals characterized by subcutaneous warbles. Their differentiation is usually performed at species level based on the morphology of third stage larvae. The recent release of the whole mtDNA of Hypoderma lineatum and the retrieval of a 102 bp noncoding region occurring between tRNASer and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1) genes represented the foundation for this study. The noncoding region and the two flanking mitochondrial genes (i.e., tRNASer and nd1) of the most diffused Hypoderma spp. (i.e., Hypoderma actaeon, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma diana, H. lineatum, Hypoderma sinense and Hypoderma tarandi) were analysed. Interspecific variations in amplicon size (from 20 to 102 bp in H. tarandi and H. lineatum, respectively) and nucleotide sequences allowed a genetic discrimination of the examined species providing information instrumental to a rapid molecular identification of Hypoderma spp.
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the mitochondrial genome of the common cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:The mitochondrial DNA of the cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae) was completely sequenced. The entire molecule was 16 354 bp long and presented a heavy bias towards A + T, which accounted for 77.8% of the whole genome. Hypoderma lineatum genes were organized in the same order and orientation as in the mitochondrial genomes available for other species belonging to the Oestroidea superfamily and compared in this study [Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Dermatobia hominis (L.)], except for the occurrence of a 102-bp non-coding region partially present in other species. The complete sequence of H. lineatum will represent a useful dataset to evaluate the evolutionary pattern of mtDNA within Oestroidea by using molecular information in diagnostic, taxonomic and evolutionary studies.
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human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by Hypoderma tarandi northern canada
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Philippe R S Lagacewiens, Douglas D Colwell, Ravi I Dookeran, Stuart Skinner, Richard Leicht, Terry D GallowayAbstract:Ophthalmomyiasis interna is invasion of the globe by larvae of any species of oestrid flies; ophthalmomyiasis externa involves only the external ocular structures (1). Dermatobia hominis, endemic to tropical or subtropical areas, and Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) cause most cases of ophthalmomyiasis (2). Both typically cause ophthalmomyiasis externa (2). Only 2 bot flies inhabit Nearctic circumpolar regions: the Caribou bot fly (Hypoderma tarandi) and the Caribou nasal bot fly (Cephenemyia trompe), a nonhuman pathogen (2). H. tarandi is a nonbiting fly whose obligate endoparasitic larvae typically affect caribou throughout their circumpolar range (2,3). From late June to early September. the fly lays eggs directly on the guard hairs of the caribou (2,3). Once deposited, eggs hatch into larvae that penetrate skin (3). They move subcutaneously to reach the animal’s dorsal region, where they cut breathing holes and are encased within granulomatous cysts, termed warbles. There they develop for 9–11 months; in May or June of the following year, they leave the animal and pupate on the ground (3). Mated adult females are capable of long flights (≈900 km) in search of suitable hosts (3). Infestations by H. tarandi in humans are rare but are likely underreported (4). Related species, H. bovis and H. lineatum, inhabit various regions of North America, Europe, and Asia and have also been implicated in human disease (2,5). A third species that affects cattle and yaks in China (H. sinense) is also responsible for human infestations (2). The pathophysiology of human ophthalmomyiasis by Hypoderma spp. is not known. Eyebrows and eyelashes have been suggested as possible targets for oviposition (3). Oviposition on human scalp hair has been achieved experimentally and could be the preferential site in humans (3). An alternative explanation is transfer of the larvae directly from the guard hairs of the caribou to the human eye or skin through close contact with animal pelts. The parasite does not appear to complete its life cycle in humans (1,2). We present the first, to our knowledge, 2 published cases of ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by H. tarandi in Canada. Furthermore, we present the first published use of Hypoderma spp. serologic testing to assist in the diagnosis of myiasis in humans.
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first description of the endogenous life cycle of Hypoderma sinense affecting yaks and cattle in china
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: D Otranto, D Traversa, A Giangaspero, P Paradies, G Testini, Douglas D ColwellAbstract:Larvae belonging to five species of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera, Oestridae) cause myiasis in wild and domestic ruminants that is characterized by migrations within deep tissues. In China hypodermosis is one of the most important arthropod diseases affecting ruminants and, moreover, represents a significant zoonosis, with numerous reports of Hypoderma spp. affecting farmers. Recently, a sixth species, Hypoderma sinense Pleske, has been rediscovered but the endogenous migration pathway within the host body is completely unknown and it represents a major constraint for the control of larval infection. In December 2003 a total of 165 larval stages of Hypoderma spp. were collected from different anatomical sites of 40 yaks slaughtered at an abattoir in the province of Gansu, China. The morphological characters and size of the recovered larvae were used to infer migratory routes and 45 specimens were also subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of cox1 mtDNA and amplicons sequenced. All the larvae molecularly processed were identified as H. sinense and sequence identity was confirmed by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) tool carried out using Bfa I and Hinf I endonucleases. The finding of H. sinense larvae only in the oesophagus or both in oesophagus and subcutaneous tissue of 12 and 15 animals, respectively, indicates that H. sinense larvae migrate through the oesophagus similarly to Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers). The description of the endogenous life cycle of H. sinense will help to determine the timing of specific treatment programmes to guarantee the improvement of animal welfare and health, thus resulting in an increase in livestock production in China.
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skin immune responses in cattle after primary and secondary infections with Hypoderma lineatum diptera oestridae larvae
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2005Co-Authors: C Lopez, Douglas D Colwell, R Panadero, P Morrondo, P Diez, J Perez, J L Cascallana, V Santamaria, Ana BravoAbstract:Abstract Cellular immune responses were examined in the skin of cattle after primary and secondary experimental infections with Hypoderma lineatum larvae. Skin biopsies were taken at 0, 6, 12, 48 and 96 h post-infection (h.p.i.). In primary infected animals the penetration of Hypoderma larvae was characterized by moderate inflammatory responses. The pattern of cellular changes in previously infected animals suggested an allergic or rheumatic process, probably as a consequence of the development of a type III hypersensitivity reaction against the second or successive reinfections. Perivascular infiltration with CD3+ T lymphocytes was marked in infected groups, but especially in previously infected animals, with a significant increase with respect to uninfected controls at 48 h.p.i. B cells remained close to control values during primary infection, while they increased significantly 12 h.p.i. in reinfected animals. IgG+ plasma cells were also very abundant during secondary infections, with significant differences from primary infected and uninfected animals from 6 h.p.i. onwards. These results suggest that secondary infections allow cellular responses which may be effective in killing some of the entering larvae, resulting in a degree of resistance.
R Panadero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypoderma actaeon an emerging myiasis in roe deer capreolus capreolus
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: R Panadero, P Diezbanos, G Varas, Gerardo Pajares, F Markina, C Lopez, P Diaz, Ana Perezcreo, Alberto Prieto, P MorrondoAbstract:Subcutaneous larvae of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) were detected in the dorsal region in 10 roe deer, Capreolus capreolus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), hunted in central Spain between January and March 2016. All larvae were found in the inner side of the hide during the skinning of the animals. The study of the morphological features of eight larvae of different stages collected from two animals allowed the identification of Hypoderma actaeon Brauer. The small size (4-5 mm) of some of the first instars suggests that the internal lifecycle of H. actaeon may be exclusively subcutaneous. This is the first confirmation of H. actaeon in roe deer; however, further studies to assess the spread of the parasite and to follow the evolution of this myiasis in roe deer are needed.
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antigen specific antibody isotypes lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles in cattle naturally infested by Hypoderma sp diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2012Co-Authors: L Vazquez, P Diezbanos, C Lopez, P Diaz, P Morrondo, V Dacal, R PanaderoAbstract:Abstract Antigen-specific antibody responses, T cell subsets and cytokine profiles were studied in 7 heifers naturally infested by Hypoderma sp. in Northwestern Spain. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased significantly at the end of the endogenous life cycle of the parasite (Mr). Similarly, IgG1 subclass increased considerably when first instars (L1) started their migration towards the back (Nv-Ja), whereas IgG2 increased earlier, coinciding with the arrival of L1 to the resting sites (Jn-Jl). Both subclasses decreased significantly when L3 began to leave the host. IgM levels and CD4 and CD8 profiles hardly oscillated throughout the life cycle of the parasite into the host. The CD4/CD8 ratio showed helper T cell predominance. Serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentrations decreased from October to the end of the study. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) concentrations decreased in January and increased in February and May. There were a significant positive relationship between IL-4 and IgG2 subclass and a negative correlation between IFN-γ, IgG and IgG1 and also between IgM and CD2 and CD8 counts. These results suggest that in the early phases of natural primoinfestations by Hypoderma there is a slight predominance of a Th1 response, characterized by high IgG2 and IFN-γ levels, which is followed by a Th2 response with a clear predominance of IgG1 and IL-4.
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use of a crude extract or purified antigen from first instar cattle grubs Hypoderma lineatum for the detection of anti Hypoderma antibodies in free ranging cervids from southern spain
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: R Panadero, C Martinezcarrasco, L Leonvizcaino, C Lopez, P Diezbanos, M P Morrondo, F D AlonsoAbstract:During the 2003–2005 hunting seasons, a total of 120 Cervidae, including 39 red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and 81 fallow deer (Dama dama), were examined for subcutaneous myiasis. Animals were shot from January to June in southern Spain. Specific antibodies against Hypodermatinae (Diptera: Oestridae) were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using a crude larval extract (CLE) and a purified antigen [hypodermin C (HC)] obtained from first instars of Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae). Hypoderma actaeon Brauer was the only species detected in this study, which represents the first confirmation of this species in fallow deer from Spain. The overall prevalence of animals presenting subcutaneous larvae (14.2%) was considerably lower than the prevalences determined by iELISA with CLE (43.3%) and HC (40.0%). Red deer showed a higher prevalence of Hypoderma than fallow deer. The concordance between larval examination during the hunting season and iELISA using both antigens was low, whereas the concordance between the CLE and HC ELISAs was good. Larval antigens obtained from H. lineatum constitute a good tool for the diagnosis of H. actaeon in Cervidae, especially when the hunting season does not coincide with the maximum presence of larvae on the back.
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first diagnosis of an imported human myiasis caused by Hypoderma sinense diptera oestridae detected in a european traveler returning from india
Journal of Travel Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: S Puente, Domenico Otranto, R Panadero, P Diezbanos, Maria Dolores Herrero, Pablo Rivas, German Ramirezolivencia, Cesar Mariscal, Maria J Perteguer, Teresa GarateAbstract:This paper reports a case of myiasis caused by Hypoderma sinense in a European man returning from a journey through northern India. The patient showed eosinophilia, systemic signs of inflammation, and painful swellings in several parts of the body. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific serology and parasite molecular identification.
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detection of Hypoderma actaeon infestation in cervus elaphus with elisa and western blotting
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Julia Dominguez, R Panadero, Concepcion De La FuentelopezAbstract:We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting (WB) to evaluate the reactivity of first-stage larval extracts of Hypoderma lineatum with antibodies in sera from 76 red deer from an endemic area for Hypoderma actaeon. Antibodies in sera from deer infested with H. actaeon recognized hypodermin C from H. lineatum in both ELISA and WB assays. ELISA values were correlated with the epidemiology of the fly infestation in the area where the deer sera were collected. There was no clear relationship between anti-hypodermin C antibody levels and the age of the animals or the number of Hypoderma grubs found at necropsy in the hides of the deer. Our results suggest that first-instar antigens of H. lineatum can be used to diagnose natural infestations by H. actaeon by indicating the presence of first-stage larvae, which can help to accurately describe H. actaeon epidemiology.
P Morrondo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypoderma actaeon an emerging myiasis in roe deer capreolus capreolus
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: R Panadero, P Diezbanos, G Varas, Gerardo Pajares, F Markina, C Lopez, P Diaz, Ana Perezcreo, Alberto Prieto, P MorrondoAbstract:Subcutaneous larvae of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) were detected in the dorsal region in 10 roe deer, Capreolus capreolus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), hunted in central Spain between January and March 2016. All larvae were found in the inner side of the hide during the skinning of the animals. The study of the morphological features of eight larvae of different stages collected from two animals allowed the identification of Hypoderma actaeon Brauer. The small size (4-5 mm) of some of the first instars suggests that the internal lifecycle of H. actaeon may be exclusively subcutaneous. This is the first confirmation of H. actaeon in roe deer; however, further studies to assess the spread of the parasite and to follow the evolution of this myiasis in roe deer are needed.
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antigen specific antibody isotypes lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles in cattle naturally infested by Hypoderma sp diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2012Co-Authors: L Vazquez, P Diezbanos, C Lopez, P Diaz, P Morrondo, V Dacal, R PanaderoAbstract:Abstract Antigen-specific antibody responses, T cell subsets and cytokine profiles were studied in 7 heifers naturally infested by Hypoderma sp. in Northwestern Spain. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased significantly at the end of the endogenous life cycle of the parasite (Mr). Similarly, IgG1 subclass increased considerably when first instars (L1) started their migration towards the back (Nv-Ja), whereas IgG2 increased earlier, coinciding with the arrival of L1 to the resting sites (Jn-Jl). Both subclasses decreased significantly when L3 began to leave the host. IgM levels and CD4 and CD8 profiles hardly oscillated throughout the life cycle of the parasite into the host. The CD4/CD8 ratio showed helper T cell predominance. Serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentrations decreased from October to the end of the study. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) concentrations decreased in January and increased in February and May. There were a significant positive relationship between IL-4 and IgG2 subclass and a negative correlation between IFN-γ, IgG and IgG1 and also between IgM and CD2 and CD8 counts. These results suggest that in the early phases of natural primoinfestations by Hypoderma there is a slight predominance of a Th1 response, characterized by high IgG2 and IFN-γ levels, which is followed by a Th2 response with a clear predominance of IgG1 and IL-4.
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evaluation of an antigen capture elisa for the early diagnosis of Hypoderma lineatum in cattle under field conditions
Veterinary Parasitology, 2007Co-Authors: R Panadero, D D Colwell, C Lopez, P Morrondo, L Vazquez, V Dacal, P DiezbanosAbstract:An antigen capture or sandwich ELISA (sELISA) was evaluated for the diagnosis of Hypoderma lineatum in cattle under field conditions in northwestern Spain. The kinetics of circulating hypodermin C (HyC) and specific antibodies during the course of natural infestation were determined in a group of 10 Frisian calves. In addition, oesophagi and blood samples were taken from 105 cows at a slaughterhouse in order to compare three methods for the diagnosis of H. lineatum: sandwich ELISA for the detection of the antigen HyC (sELISA), indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies anti-HyC (iELISA) and the detection of first instars (L1) in the oesophagus. In naturally infested cattle, HyC was present in circulation at low levels during the early and late phases of the infestation. However, in the middle phase, coinciding with the presence of L1 in the oesophagus, two peaks of increased HyC concentration were observed. Specific antibodies increased progressively until the first appearance of larvae in warbles on the back. There was no correlation between antigen or antibody levels and the number of grubs in the back. Prevalence of first instars in the oesophagi of slaughtered cows was 21.9% (23/105). The percentage of cattle that were positive for circulating antigen was slightly higher (24.8%), suggesting the recent destruction of migrating larvae in some animals. However, there was no correlation between the number of L1 and HyC levels. With the iELISA, 79% of the animals were positive to Hypoderma, which means that a high percentage of those animals have been exposed to the parasite but they had no apparent current infestation. The sELISA is a good tool to follow larval development within the host; however, the episodic elevation of HyC levels limits the usefulness of this test for the early diagnosis of Hypoderma under field conditions.
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skin immune responses in cattle after primary and secondary infections with Hypoderma lineatum diptera oestridae larvae
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2005Co-Authors: C Lopez, Douglas D Colwell, R Panadero, P Morrondo, P Diez, J Perez, J L Cascallana, V Santamaria, Ana BravoAbstract:Abstract Cellular immune responses were examined in the skin of cattle after primary and secondary experimental infections with Hypoderma lineatum larvae. Skin biopsies were taken at 0, 6, 12, 48 and 96 h post-infection (h.p.i.). In primary infected animals the penetration of Hypoderma larvae was characterized by moderate inflammatory responses. The pattern of cellular changes in previously infected animals suggested an allergic or rheumatic process, probably as a consequence of the development of a type III hypersensitivity reaction against the second or successive reinfections. Perivascular infiltration with CD3+ T lymphocytes was marked in infected groups, but especially in previously infected animals, with a significant increase with respect to uninfected controls at 48 h.p.i. B cells remained close to control values during primary infection, while they increased significantly 12 h.p.i. in reinfected animals. IgG+ plasma cells were also very abundant during secondary infections, with significant differences from primary infected and uninfected animals from 6 h.p.i. onwards. These results suggest that secondary infections allow cellular responses which may be effective in killing some of the entering larvae, resulting in a degree of resistance.
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influence of internal and environmental factors on the distribution and occurrence of Hypoderma diptera oestridae in cattle in galicia northwest of spain
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2000Co-Authors: R Panadero, C Lopez, N Diez, P Diez, P MorrondoAbstract:This study establishes the seroprevalence of Hypoderma spp in cattle and the influence of some internal and environmental factors in the distribution of this myiasis in Galicia (northwest of Spain). Humoral antibody levels were measured by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbet assay, using as the antigen hypodermin C obtained from 1st-instar Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers). The percentage of positive sera in the total sample of 1,473 animals was 78.4%. Considering the different climatic areas in Galicia, the seroprevalence was lower in coastal areas; whereas, in the inland the percentages of positive sera were higher. The study revealed significant differences in seroprevalence between breeds; the autochthonous Rubia Gallega breed was the most prevalent, followed by the crossbreeds Brown Swiss and Friesian. The breeding system was an important factor affecting the occurrence of hypodermosis.
P Diezbanos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypoderma actaeon an emerging myiasis in roe deer capreolus capreolus
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: R Panadero, P Diezbanos, G Varas, Gerardo Pajares, F Markina, C Lopez, P Diaz, Ana Perezcreo, Alberto Prieto, P MorrondoAbstract:Subcutaneous larvae of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) were detected in the dorsal region in 10 roe deer, Capreolus capreolus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae), hunted in central Spain between January and March 2016. All larvae were found in the inner side of the hide during the skinning of the animals. The study of the morphological features of eight larvae of different stages collected from two animals allowed the identification of Hypoderma actaeon Brauer. The small size (4-5 mm) of some of the first instars suggests that the internal lifecycle of H. actaeon may be exclusively subcutaneous. This is the first confirmation of H. actaeon in roe deer; however, further studies to assess the spread of the parasite and to follow the evolution of this myiasis in roe deer are needed.
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antigen specific antibody isotypes lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles in cattle naturally infested by Hypoderma sp diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2012Co-Authors: L Vazquez, P Diezbanos, C Lopez, P Diaz, P Morrondo, V Dacal, R PanaderoAbstract:Abstract Antigen-specific antibody responses, T cell subsets and cytokine profiles were studied in 7 heifers naturally infested by Hypoderma sp. in Northwestern Spain. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased significantly at the end of the endogenous life cycle of the parasite (Mr). Similarly, IgG1 subclass increased considerably when first instars (L1) started their migration towards the back (Nv-Ja), whereas IgG2 increased earlier, coinciding with the arrival of L1 to the resting sites (Jn-Jl). Both subclasses decreased significantly when L3 began to leave the host. IgM levels and CD4 and CD8 profiles hardly oscillated throughout the life cycle of the parasite into the host. The CD4/CD8 ratio showed helper T cell predominance. Serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentrations decreased from October to the end of the study. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) concentrations decreased in January and increased in February and May. There were a significant positive relationship between IL-4 and IgG2 subclass and a negative correlation between IFN-γ, IgG and IgG1 and also between IgM and CD2 and CD8 counts. These results suggest that in the early phases of natural primoinfestations by Hypoderma there is a slight predominance of a Th1 response, characterized by high IgG2 and IFN-γ levels, which is followed by a Th2 response with a clear predominance of IgG1 and IL-4.
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use of a crude extract or purified antigen from first instar cattle grubs Hypoderma lineatum for the detection of anti Hypoderma antibodies in free ranging cervids from southern spain
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: R Panadero, C Martinezcarrasco, L Leonvizcaino, C Lopez, P Diezbanos, M P Morrondo, F D AlonsoAbstract:During the 2003–2005 hunting seasons, a total of 120 Cervidae, including 39 red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and 81 fallow deer (Dama dama), were examined for subcutaneous myiasis. Animals were shot from January to June in southern Spain. Specific antibodies against Hypodermatinae (Diptera: Oestridae) were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using a crude larval extract (CLE) and a purified antigen [hypodermin C (HC)] obtained from first instars of Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae). Hypoderma actaeon Brauer was the only species detected in this study, which represents the first confirmation of this species in fallow deer from Spain. The overall prevalence of animals presenting subcutaneous larvae (14.2%) was considerably lower than the prevalences determined by iELISA with CLE (43.3%) and HC (40.0%). Red deer showed a higher prevalence of Hypoderma than fallow deer. The concordance between larval examination during the hunting season and iELISA using both antigens was low, whereas the concordance between the CLE and HC ELISAs was good. Larval antigens obtained from H. lineatum constitute a good tool for the diagnosis of H. actaeon in Cervidae, especially when the hunting season does not coincide with the maximum presence of larvae on the back.
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first diagnosis of an imported human myiasis caused by Hypoderma sinense diptera oestridae detected in a european traveler returning from india
Journal of Travel Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: S Puente, Domenico Otranto, R Panadero, P Diezbanos, Maria Dolores Herrero, Pablo Rivas, German Ramirezolivencia, Cesar Mariscal, Maria J Perteguer, Teresa GarateAbstract:This paper reports a case of myiasis caused by Hypoderma sinense in a European man returning from a journey through northern India. The patient showed eosinophilia, systemic signs of inflammation, and painful swellings in several parts of the body. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific serology and parasite molecular identification.
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evaluation of an antigen capture elisa for the early diagnosis of Hypoderma lineatum in cattle under field conditions
Veterinary Parasitology, 2007Co-Authors: R Panadero, D D Colwell, C Lopez, P Morrondo, L Vazquez, V Dacal, P DiezbanosAbstract:An antigen capture or sandwich ELISA (sELISA) was evaluated for the diagnosis of Hypoderma lineatum in cattle under field conditions in northwestern Spain. The kinetics of circulating hypodermin C (HyC) and specific antibodies during the course of natural infestation were determined in a group of 10 Frisian calves. In addition, oesophagi and blood samples were taken from 105 cows at a slaughterhouse in order to compare three methods for the diagnosis of H. lineatum: sandwich ELISA for the detection of the antigen HyC (sELISA), indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies anti-HyC (iELISA) and the detection of first instars (L1) in the oesophagus. In naturally infested cattle, HyC was present in circulation at low levels during the early and late phases of the infestation. However, in the middle phase, coinciding with the presence of L1 in the oesophagus, two peaks of increased HyC concentration were observed. Specific antibodies increased progressively until the first appearance of larvae in warbles on the back. There was no correlation between antigen or antibody levels and the number of grubs in the back. Prevalence of first instars in the oesophagi of slaughtered cows was 21.9% (23/105). The percentage of cattle that were positive for circulating antigen was slightly higher (24.8%), suggesting the recent destruction of migrating larvae in some animals. However, there was no correlation between the number of L1 and HyC levels. With the iELISA, 79% of the animals were positive to Hypoderma, which means that a high percentage of those animals have been exposed to the parasite but they had no apparent current infestation. The sELISA is a good tool to follow larval development within the host; however, the episodic elevation of HyC levels limits the usefulness of this test for the early diagnosis of Hypoderma under field conditions.