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Jin-ao Duan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dynamic changes of flavonoids in Abelmoschus Manihot different organs at different growth periods by UPLC–MS/MS
    Journal of chromatography. B Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Pan Xinxin, Da-wei Qian, Jinhua Tao, Shu Jiang, Jin-ao Duan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Abelmoschus Manihot (Linn.) Medicus has been clinically used to treat chronic kidney disease, oral ulcers, burns, and dysmenorrhea in China for many centuries. The major pharmacologically-active components of A. Manihot are flavonoids. In this study, a rapid and highly sensitive UPLC–MS/MS analysis method was established and successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of five major flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, and myricetin) in different parts of A. Manihot harvested at ten growth periods. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation for five target components was obtained on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column within 18 min. The total contents of the five investigated flavonoids in A. Manihot roots, stems, leaves and flowers ranged from 2.86 to 123.7 μg/g, 46.39 to 141.0 μg/g, 929.4 to 3096 μg/g, and 10,150 to 19,390 μg/g, respectively, indicating that the total flavonoids in the four parts could be mainly arranged in a decreasing order as flower > leaf > stem > root. The peak of total flavonoids in flowers and leaves appeared at G8 and G9, respectively. These results will be helpful for the determination of the suitable harvest time of A. Manihot and the improvement of the utility value of the disused parts.

  • Analysis and utilization value discussion of multiple chemical composition in different tissues of Abelmoschus Manihot
    Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jie Liu, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Sheng Guo, Hui Yan, Hai-tao Tang, Tang Renmao
    Abstract:

    This research is to analyze the resourceful chemical composition in different tissues (root, stem, leaf and flower) of Abelmoschus Manihot and evaluate their utilizing value. The flavonoids, soluble polysaccharides, cellulose, nucleosides and amino acids in the different tissues of A. Manihot were determined by HPLC coupled with UV-Vis spectrophotpmetry, and UPLC-TQ/MS. The flowers are rich in the resourceful chemical compositions of flavonoids which mainly consist of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, cotton-8-O-glucuronide, myricetin, quercetin-3'-O-glucoside, rutin and quercetin. The total content of these flavonoids is 25.450 mg•g-1 in the flowers, while they are trace in the other tissues.Different tissues of A. Manihot are rich in soluble polysaccharides and celluloses and the stems have the highest content(19.76%) of soluble polysaccharides, while the roots have the highest content (29.88%) of cellulose. Total of 21 amino acids and 9 nucleosides were detected in this plant, and the flowers have the highest content of amino acids(4.737 mg•g⁻¹), while the leaves have the highest content of nucleosides (1.474 mg•g⁻¹). A. Manihot is rich in the resourceful chemical compositions, and its constituents and contents are various in different tissues of this plant.The results provided a scientific basis for the utilization and industrial development of A. Manihot plants.

  • Investigation of in vivo metabolic profile of Abelmoschus Manihot based on pattern recognition analysis
    Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Ping Lin, Erxin Shang, Yuping Tang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik. var. Manihot is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and has played an important role in treating chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. Aim of the study: Metabolites identification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complex and time-consuming process due to the complicity of TCM and subsequent large number of detected ions. In this paper, UPLC–MS combined with pattern recognition analysis approach were used to simplify and quicken the identification of the metabolites of Abelmoschus Manihot . Materials and methods: Rat urine samples were collected before (as control sample) and after Abelmoschus Manihot administration. Pattern recognition analysis method was used to differentiate components between Abelmoschus Manihot -treated group and its controlled comparison. These components could be considered as Abelmoschus Manihot -related metabolites in vivo . Results: LC–MS based metabolomics could be an advanced tool to help us find metabolites with regards to its capacity of processing large datasets, differentiating and classifying of sample groups, as well as its indiscriminative nature of biomarker and metabolite identification. Using this method, seven metabolites were identified, which are flavonoid aglycone glucuronidation, sulfatation, and methylation metabolites. Conclusion: Our results showed that UPLC–MS based- pattern recognition analysis approach can be used to quickly identify Abelmoschus Manihot related metabolites in biological fluids. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the potential application of combining the UPLC–MS approach with the metabolomics approach in identifying the metabolites of TCM.

  • screening for in vitro metabolites of abelmoschus Manihot extract in intestinal bacteria by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry
    Journal of Chromatography B, 2011
    Co-Authors: Caifu Xue, Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Shu Jiang, Erxin Shang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Abelmoschus Manihot has drawn much attention recently due to its potential beneficial health effects after oral administration. However, the metabolic fate of A. Manihot in intestinal flora is not well understood. In this paper, we describe a strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF MS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx™) for fast analysis of the metabolic profile of flavonoids from A. Manihot in intestinal flora. The human and rat incubated samples collected 72 h in the anaerobic incubator were analyzed by UPLC–Q-TOF MS within 10 min. A total of 14 metabolites were identified in human and rat incubated solution compared with blank samples. The results indicated that hydrolysis, hydroxylation and acetylation were the major metabolic pathways of flavonoids in A. Manihot extract in vitro. MSE was used for simultaneous acquisition of precursor ion information and fragment ion data at high and low collision energy in one analytical run, which facilitated the fast structural characterization of metabolites. This work demonstrated the potential of the UPLC–Q-TOF MS approach using Metabolynx for fast and automated identification of metabolites of natural product in intestinal flora.

  • Absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot extract by in situ intestinal perfusion
    Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2011
    Co-Authors: Caifu Xue, Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Yan Shu
    Abstract:

    To explore the mechanism of the absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers, in situ intestinal recirculation was performed to study the effect of the absorption at different concentrations and different intestinal regions. To evaluate the conditions of the absorption of six flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers, the concentrations of Abelmoschus Manihot in the perfusion solution were determined by HPLC at predesigned time. And we have investigated the inhibitory effect of six flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump. The results demonstrated that the absorption rates of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers are not significantly different (P > 0.05) at various drug concentrations, the absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers is a first-order process with the passive diffusion mechanism. The absorption rates of each of flavonoids are significantly different. The absorption rate of flavonoid glycoside was lower than that of aglycone; the flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers could be absorbed in all of the intestinal segments. The best parts of intestine to absorb hyperoside and myricetin are jejunum and duodenum, separately. Verapamil could enhance the absorption of isoquercitrin, hyperoside, myricetin and quercetin-3'-O-glucoside by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump.

Da-wei Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dynamic changes of flavonoids in Abelmoschus Manihot different organs at different growth periods by UPLC–MS/MS
    Journal of chromatography. B Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Pan Xinxin, Da-wei Qian, Jinhua Tao, Shu Jiang, Jin-ao Duan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Abelmoschus Manihot (Linn.) Medicus has been clinically used to treat chronic kidney disease, oral ulcers, burns, and dysmenorrhea in China for many centuries. The major pharmacologically-active components of A. Manihot are flavonoids. In this study, a rapid and highly sensitive UPLC–MS/MS analysis method was established and successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of five major flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, and myricetin) in different parts of A. Manihot harvested at ten growth periods. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation for five target components was obtained on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column within 18 min. The total contents of the five investigated flavonoids in A. Manihot roots, stems, leaves and flowers ranged from 2.86 to 123.7 μg/g, 46.39 to 141.0 μg/g, 929.4 to 3096 μg/g, and 10,150 to 19,390 μg/g, respectively, indicating that the total flavonoids in the four parts could be mainly arranged in a decreasing order as flower > leaf > stem > root. The peak of total flavonoids in flowers and leaves appeared at G8 and G9, respectively. These results will be helpful for the determination of the suitable harvest time of A. Manihot and the improvement of the utility value of the disused parts.

  • Analysis and utilization value discussion of multiple chemical composition in different tissues of Abelmoschus Manihot
    Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jie Liu, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Sheng Guo, Hui Yan, Hai-tao Tang, Tang Renmao
    Abstract:

    This research is to analyze the resourceful chemical composition in different tissues (root, stem, leaf and flower) of Abelmoschus Manihot and evaluate their utilizing value. The flavonoids, soluble polysaccharides, cellulose, nucleosides and amino acids in the different tissues of A. Manihot were determined by HPLC coupled with UV-Vis spectrophotpmetry, and UPLC-TQ/MS. The flowers are rich in the resourceful chemical compositions of flavonoids which mainly consist of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, cotton-8-O-glucuronide, myricetin, quercetin-3'-O-glucoside, rutin and quercetin. The total content of these flavonoids is 25.450 mg•g-1 in the flowers, while they are trace in the other tissues.Different tissues of A. Manihot are rich in soluble polysaccharides and celluloses and the stems have the highest content(19.76%) of soluble polysaccharides, while the roots have the highest content (29.88%) of cellulose. Total of 21 amino acids and 9 nucleosides were detected in this plant, and the flowers have the highest content of amino acids(4.737 mg•g⁻¹), while the leaves have the highest content of nucleosides (1.474 mg•g⁻¹). A. Manihot is rich in the resourceful chemical compositions, and its constituents and contents are various in different tissues of this plant.The results provided a scientific basis for the utilization and industrial development of A. Manihot plants.

  • Investigation of in vivo metabolic profile of Abelmoschus Manihot based on pattern recognition analysis
    Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Ping Lin, Erxin Shang, Yuping Tang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik. var. Manihot is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and has played an important role in treating chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. Aim of the study: Metabolites identification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complex and time-consuming process due to the complicity of TCM and subsequent large number of detected ions. In this paper, UPLC–MS combined with pattern recognition analysis approach were used to simplify and quicken the identification of the metabolites of Abelmoschus Manihot . Materials and methods: Rat urine samples were collected before (as control sample) and after Abelmoschus Manihot administration. Pattern recognition analysis method was used to differentiate components between Abelmoschus Manihot -treated group and its controlled comparison. These components could be considered as Abelmoschus Manihot -related metabolites in vivo . Results: LC–MS based metabolomics could be an advanced tool to help us find metabolites with regards to its capacity of processing large datasets, differentiating and classifying of sample groups, as well as its indiscriminative nature of biomarker and metabolite identification. Using this method, seven metabolites were identified, which are flavonoid aglycone glucuronidation, sulfatation, and methylation metabolites. Conclusion: Our results showed that UPLC–MS based- pattern recognition analysis approach can be used to quickly identify Abelmoschus Manihot related metabolites in biological fluids. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the potential application of combining the UPLC–MS approach with the metabolomics approach in identifying the metabolites of TCM.

  • screening for in vitro metabolites of abelmoschus Manihot extract in intestinal bacteria by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry
    Journal of Chromatography B, 2011
    Co-Authors: Caifu Xue, Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Shu Jiang, Erxin Shang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Abelmoschus Manihot has drawn much attention recently due to its potential beneficial health effects after oral administration. However, the metabolic fate of A. Manihot in intestinal flora is not well understood. In this paper, we describe a strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF MS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx™) for fast analysis of the metabolic profile of flavonoids from A. Manihot in intestinal flora. The human and rat incubated samples collected 72 h in the anaerobic incubator were analyzed by UPLC–Q-TOF MS within 10 min. A total of 14 metabolites were identified in human and rat incubated solution compared with blank samples. The results indicated that hydrolysis, hydroxylation and acetylation were the major metabolic pathways of flavonoids in A. Manihot extract in vitro. MSE was used for simultaneous acquisition of precursor ion information and fragment ion data at high and low collision energy in one analytical run, which facilitated the fast structural characterization of metabolites. This work demonstrated the potential of the UPLC–Q-TOF MS approach using Metabolynx for fast and automated identification of metabolites of natural product in intestinal flora.

  • Absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot extract by in situ intestinal perfusion
    Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2011
    Co-Authors: Caifu Xue, Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Yan Shu
    Abstract:

    To explore the mechanism of the absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers, in situ intestinal recirculation was performed to study the effect of the absorption at different concentrations and different intestinal regions. To evaluate the conditions of the absorption of six flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers, the concentrations of Abelmoschus Manihot in the perfusion solution were determined by HPLC at predesigned time. And we have investigated the inhibitory effect of six flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump. The results demonstrated that the absorption rates of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers are not significantly different (P > 0.05) at various drug concentrations, the absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers is a first-order process with the passive diffusion mechanism. The absorption rates of each of flavonoids are significantly different. The absorption rate of flavonoid glycoside was lower than that of aglycone; the flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers could be absorbed in all of the intestinal segments. The best parts of intestine to absorb hyperoside and myricetin are jejunum and duodenum, separately. Verapamil could enhance the absorption of isoquercitrin, hyperoside, myricetin and quercetin-3'-O-glucoside by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump.

Nagib M. A. Nassar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Compatibility of interspecific Manihot crosses presaged by protein electrophoresis .
    Genetics and molecular research : GMR, 2010
    Co-Authors: Nagib M. A. Nassar, N. Bomfim, Adalgisa Chaib, L. F. A. Abreu, P. T. C. Gomes
    Abstract:

    Cross incompatibility of wild Manihot species with cassava (M. esculenta) can impede their utilization for improving this cultigen. We tested whether compatibility could be determined based on electrophoresis results. Manihot pilosa, M. glaziovii, M. reptans, and M. cearulescens were tested. These species were allowed to hybridize with cassava to determine whether hybridization coincides with the similarity index based on electrophoresis analysis. Gene markers of leaf shape, stem surface, disk color, and fruit shape were used to confirm hybridization. Manihot pilosa and M. glaziovii successfully hybridized with cassava, while the others failed to do so under natural conditions. This result coincided with the similarity index from electrophoresis.

  • Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genetic resources: a case of high iron and zinc
    Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2009
    Co-Authors: Nagib M. A. Nassar, Ionara Souza Barbosa, M. Haridassan, Rodomiro Ortiz, P. T. C. Gomes
    Abstract:

    Cassava hybrids from interspecific crosses with Manihot caerulescens Pohl, M. pseudoglaziovii Pax and Hoffmann and M. dichotoma Ule showed a very high iron and zinc content in both roots and leaves, e.g. 98.15 mg kg−1 in roots of the interspecific hybrid cassava-M. caerulescens versus 12.17 mg kg−1 in a cassava cultivar. This promising results show the potential of wild Manihot species for micronutrient enhancement of cassava.

  • Polyploidy, chimera and fertility of interspecific cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) hybrids
    Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2004
    Co-Authors: Nagib M. A. Nassar
    Abstract:

    Four interspecific hybrids between cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and wild Manihot species were polyploidized by colchicines application to buds of cuttings. Totally tetraploid types as well as sectorial and periclinal chimeras were produced. Somatic selection applied to lateral buds of sectorial chimeras induced totally tetraploids. Fertility was restored in the sterile interspecific hybrids by chromosome dupling up to 93% viable pollen production in the tetraploids compared to 13% in diploids, which could lead to the evolution of new Manihot species. Periclinal chimeras showed high vigour compared to both tetraploid and diploid plants.

  • Cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz and wild relatives: Their relationships and evolution
    Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2001
    Co-Authors: Nagib M. A. Nassar
    Abstract:

    About ninety eight species of Manihot arerecognized. All of them are native to the New world and areconcentrated in four regions of diversity in Brazil and CentralAmerica. All the Manihot species so far examinedhave 2n = 36 chromosomes. Interspecific hybrids betweencassava and its wild relatives show relatively regular meiosis, andfurther generations can be obtained. Electrophoresis shows affinityamong species of different sections, and between some of them andcassava. Both polyploidy and apomixis may have contributed tospeciation in this genus. Polyploidy offered genetic variabilitywhile apomixis is responsible for perpetuating new hybrid typesadapted to different environments. Cassava may have originated byhybridization between two wild Manihot speciesfollowed by vegetative reproduction of the hybrid.

  • Cytogenetics and evolution of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Nagib M. A. Nassar
    Abstract:

    All Manihot species so far examined, including cassava (Manihot esculenta), have 2n = 36. Interspecific hybrids between cassava and its wild relatives show fair regular meiosis, and backcrossed generations exhibit high fertility. Electrophoresis shows affinity between species of different sections, as well as between some of them and cassava itself. Polyploidy has apparently contributed to the rapid speciation of this genus, while apomixis has offered a means of perpetuating new hybrid types adapted to different environments. It is assumed that cassava originated by hybridization between two wild Manihot species followed by vegetative reproduction of the hybrid.

M. Tertuliano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Resistance of Different Host Plants and Cultivars of Cassava to the Mealybug Phenacoccus Manihoti: Effect of Infestation on Leaf Extract Composition
    International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 1995
    Co-Authors: M. Tertuliano
    Abstract:

    The effect of a 2-month infestation by the cassava mealybug ( Phenacoccus Manihoti Mat. Ferr.) on the metabolism of nitrogen (amino acids) and carbon (carbohydrates), leaf area and total dry weight of five cassava varieties ( Manihot esculenta Crantz), faux-caoutchouc (a hybrid of M. esculenta and M. glaziovii Muell, Arg.), poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild) and talinum ( Talinum triangulare Jack) was studied. Free amino acid and free sugar contents as well as relative free amino acid composition in the leaf extracts, although found to be very different from one plant to another, were not significantly modified by P. Manihoti infestation, except for the total amino acid contents of the cassava variety 30M7. Variations in one particular amino acid induced by mealybug infestation were not linked to the antibiotic resistance of these plants. Infestation by the cassava mealybug did not modify the total dry weight but reduced the total leaf area although this reduction was only significant in cassava varieties 59M2, 30M7 and M’pembe, and in faux-caoutchouc. Within the genus Manihot , the reduction in leaf area was strongly correlated (r = −0.878, P ≤ 0.05) to the degree of antibiotic resistance and was coupled to an increase in the ratio of sugars to amino acids, suggesting a similarity between the effects of water stress and those of mealybug infestation. L’effet de l’infestation de 2 mois par la cochenille du manioc ( Phenacoccus Manihoti Mat. Ferr.) sur le métabolisme de l’azote (acides aminés) et du carbon (carbohydrates), sur la surface de la feuille et le poids sec total de 5 variétés de manioc ( Manihot esculenta Crantz), le faux-caoutchouc (une hybride de M. esculenta et M. glaziovii Muell, Arg.), le poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild) et le talinum ( Talinum triangulare Jack) a été étudié. Toutes ces plantes-hôtes sont caractérisées par differents degrés de résistance antibiotique envers P. Manihoti . Leurs teneurs en acides aminés libres et sucres libres ainsi que la composition relative d’acides aminés libres dans les extraits des feuilles, quoique différentes d’une plante à l’autre, n’ont pas été significativement modifiées par l’infestation avec P. Manihoti , excepté les teneurs en acides aminés total de la variété de manioc 30M7. Des variations chez un acide aminé particulier induites par l’infestation de la cochenille n’ont pas été liées à la résistance antibiotique de ces plantes. L’infestation par la cochenille du manioc n’a pas modifié le poids sec total mais a reduit la surface totale de feuille quoique cette réduction n’était significative que chez les variétés de manioc 59M2, 30M7 et M’pembe et chez le faux-caoutchouc. Au sein du genre Manihot , la réduction de la surface de feuille a été fortement correlée (r = −0,878, P ≤ 0,05) au degré de résistance antibiotique et a été associée à un accroissement du rapport sucres/acides aminés, suggérant une similarité entre les effets de carence d’eau et ceux de l’infestation de la cochenille.

  • Electrically recorded feeding behaviour of cassava mealybug on host and non-host plants
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1994
    Co-Authors: P. A. Calatayud, M. Tertuliano, Y. Rahbé, W. F. Tjallingii, B. Rü
    Abstract:

    Le comportement alimentaire de la cochenille du manioc ( Phenacoccus Manihoti ) a été étudié par électrographie de pénétration (EPG, analyse en courant continu) et par microscopie optique. Cette étude a permis de confirmer le caractère typiquement phloémophage de l'alimentation de cet Homoptère, présentant une large prédominance du trajet extracellulaire des stylets, comme cela est également observé chez les pucerons. Les similitudes des tracés EPG effectués sur cochenille et sur pucerons ou aleurodes ont permis d'adopter la même typologie du signal. Les principales différences avec les pucerons concernent le nombre moins important et la durée plus longue des ponctions intracellulaires (20 s en moyenne contre 5 à 7 s chez les pucerons), l'allongement du temps d'accès au phloème et une moins grande mobilité des stylets lors de la phase de recherche du phloème. La comparaison du comportement alimentaire sur 6 plantes, parmi lesquelles deux hôtes occasionnels ( Talinum et poinsettia), un hybride et trois variétés courantes de manioc ( Manihot esculenta ), a permis de différencier plusieurs profils de pénétration. Les ponctions intracellulaires se sont révélées plus courtes sur hôtes occasionnels, qui induisent également, malgré la variabilité observée, un allongement net de la période de localisation du phloème et donc un retard à l'ingestion. Aucune des plantes testées ne contient d'alcaloîdes, et les composés cyanés se restreignent au genre Manihot , hôte naturel de la cochenille. Les flavonoîdes totaux ne permettent pas de distinguer plantes hôtes et non-hôtes, à la différence des acides phénoliques. The feeding behaviour of cassava mealybug ( Phenacoccus Manihoti ) was analysed by the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG, DC-system) and by light microscopy. This study confirmed a typical phloem-feeding behaviour with an aphid-like predominance of extracellular pathways of stylets. Similarities of EPGs from mealybugs with those of aphids and whiteflies allowed adoption of standard pattern labelling. The main differences with aphid EPGs consisted of fewer but longer intracellular punctures (pd duration of 20 s vs 5–7 s for aphids), longer times to the first phloem-ingestion period and a lower motility of stylets within the phloem searching process. Comparison of the feeding behaviour on 6 plant types, including two occasional hosts ( Talinum and poinsettia), one cassava hybrid and three common cassava cultivars ( Manihot esculenta ), allowed differentiation of penetration profiles. Intracellular punctures were shorter on occasional hosts, on which phloem finding and subsequent ingestion were markedly delayed although a great variability within plants persisted. Chemical analysis of some secondary plant substances revealed that none of the plants tested contained detectable amounts of alkaloids, and that cyanides were restricted to true hosts (cassavas and Manihot hybrid). Levels of total flavonoids did not differ between hosts and non-hosts, in contrast to those of phenolic acids. Preliminary correlations with EPG paterns are discussed.

  • Influence of secondary compounds in the phloem sap of cassava on expression of antibiosis towards the mealybugPhenacoccus Manihoti
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1994
    Co-Authors: P. A. Calatayud, M. Tertuliano, Y. Rahbé, B. Delobel, F. Khuong-huu, B. Rü
    Abstract:

    Ce travail présente l'identification et le dosage des substances secondaires (composés cyanés et phénoliques) présentes dans la sève phloémienne du manioc ( Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphabiaceae) et dans le miellat de la cochenille farineuse Phenacoccus Manihoti Matt. Ferr. (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae). Des glycosides cyanogéniques et trois flavonoïdes glycosylés majeurs (rutine, kaempferol glycoside-1 et kaempferol glycoside-2) sont transportés par la sève phloémienne du manioc et consommés par la cochenille. Le profil sensiblement différent des composés secondaires du meillat de la cochenille, en particulier l'apparition d'un flavonoide libre et de cyanure, suggère une modification de certains composés lors du transit intestinal. La relation entre les teneurs de ces différentes substances dans le liquide foliaire de 7 variétés de manioc et du ‘faux-caoutchouc’ (hybride de M. esculenta et de M. glaziovii ) et l'expression de leur résistance antibiotique vis-à-vis de P. Manihoti a également été étudiée. L'infestation par la cochenille se traduit par une importante augmentation des teneurs en rutine et en kaempferol glycoside-2, alors qu'aucune modification des teneurs en cyanure libre n'est enregistrée. La meilleure corrélation entre la résistance par antibiose, exprimée par la capacité intrinsèque d'accroissement r_ c , et les teneurs en substances secondaires analysées est observée avec les teneurs en rutine des plants infestés (ρ=−0.73; p=0.05). L'association éventuelle de ce glycoside aux mécanismes biochimiques de défense du manioc à la cochenille farineuse est discutée. Identification and assay of cyanogenic and phenolic compounds in phloem sap of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae) and in honeydew of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus Manihoti Matt. Ferr. (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) were realised. Cyanogenic glucosides and three flavonoid glycosides (rutin, kaempferol glycoside-1 and kaempferol glycoside-2) were found to be translocated in cassava phloem sap and consumed by the mealygug. Differences in profiles of secondary compounds of phloem sap and honeydew samples, characterised mainly by the appearance of free cyanide and of a free flavonoid, suggest the metabolic processing of at least some of the ingested compounds. The relationship between foliar concentrations of these different compounds and expression of the antibiotic resistance of cassava towards P. Manihoti was also investigated in 7 varieties of cassava and in the ‘faux-caoutchouc’ hybrid. Infestation by mealybug was followed by a clear increase in levels of both rutin and kaempferol glycoside-2, while no modification in cyanide contents was noted. The best rank correlation between antibiotic resistance (measured by the intrinsic rate of increase r_ c ) and secondary compounds analyzed is observed with rutin contents of infested plants (ρ=−0.73; p=0.05). The possible implication of this compound in the biochemical mechanisms accompanying cassava defence reaction to mealybug attack is discussed.

  • Interaction entre la cochenille du maniocPhenacoccus Manihoti et ses différentes plantes-hôtes: étude de la teneur de la sève en acide aminé et en sucre
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Tertuliano, B. Le Rü
    Abstract:

    The levels of sugars and amino acids were determined in leaf extracts from a number of plants showing different levels of resistance to the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus Manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). There were five varieties of cassava ( Manihot esculenta ), as well as a hybrid obtained by crossing M. esculenta and M. glaziovii , poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrina ) and talinum ( Talinum triangularae ). The variability in the total concentration of amino acid concentrations was as great between varieties of cassava as at the species level. In contrast, there was much less variability in the concentration of sugars at the intervarietal that at the interspecies level. While there were both intervarietal and interspecific differences in the amino acid composition, glutamic acid, glutamine, ethanolamine and alanine represented nearly 50% of the total in all plants examined. Aspartic acid, asparagine and serine accounted for approximately 20%, while tyrosine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine are present at low levels. The different levels of resistance noted in the different plants were not associated with the concentrations of either amino acids or sugars, the ratios of sugar/amino concentrations or the amino acid compositions obtained from leaf extracts. This suggests that other aspects of plant chemistry confer resistance to cassava mealybugs. L'analyse (acides aminés et sucres) d'extrait de feuille, de 5 variétés de manioc ( Manihot esculenta ), du Faux caoutchouc (Hybride de M. esculenta x M.glaziovii ), du Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrina ) et du Talinum ( Talinum triangularae ), caractérisés par différents degrés de résistance par antibiose à la cochenille du manioc ( Phenacoccus Manihoti (Mat. Ferr.)) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), a été réalisée sur des extraits obtenus par centrifugation du matériel foliaire. Les teneurs en acids aminés, très différentes d'une plante à l'autre, apparaissent aussi importantes entre les variétés de l'espèce manioc qu'entre les différentes espèces végétales avec respectivement un rapport de variation de 4,5 et 5,5. De même, les teneurs en sucres (exprimées en équivalent saccharose), sont très différentes d'une plante à l'autre avec un rapport de variation de 1 à 33 entre les deux extrêmes, si l'on ne considère que l'espèce M. esculenta , il n'est plus que de 3,5. Des différences dans les proportions relatives des acids aminés libres d'extrait de feuille sont observées aussi bien entre les variétés de manioc qu'entre les espèces végétales. Cependant pour toutes les plantes étudiées l'acide glutamique, la glutamine, l'ethanolamine, et l'alanine représentent près de 50% des acides aminés de l'extrait de feuille; l'acide aspertique, l'asparagine et la sérine près de 20% tandis que la tyrosine, la méthionine, l'isoleucine, la leucine et la lysine sont présents en très faibles pourcentages. Le degré de résistance à la cochenille du manioc des différentes plantes-hôtes n'a pu être relié, ni à la teneur de leur extrait de feuille en acides aminés et en sucres, ni à leur composition relative en acides aminés. Il n'a pu être non plus relié au rapport Sucres/Acides aminés Nos résultats suggèrent que des caractéristiques biochimiques autres que celles étudiées dans ce travail interviennent dans les mécanismes de résistance vis-à-vis de la cochenille du manioc.

  • Interaction entre la cochenille du maniocPhenacoccus Manihoti et ses différentes plantes-hôtes: étude de la teneur de la sève en acide aminé et en sucre
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1992
    Co-Authors: M. Tertuliano
    Abstract:

    The levels of sugars and amino acids were determined in leaf extracts from a number of plants showing different levels of resistance to the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus Manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). There were five varieties of cassava ( Manihot esculenta ), as well as a hybrid obtained by crossing M. esculenta and M. glaziovii , poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrina ) and talinum ( Talinum triangularae ). The variability in the total concentration of amino acid concentrations was as great between varieties of cassava as at the species level. In contrast, there was much less variability in the concentration of sugars at the intervarietal that at the interspecies level. While there were both intervarietal and interspecific differences in the amino acid composition, glutamic acid, glutamine, ethanolamine and alanine represented nearly 50% of the total in all plants examined. Aspartic acid, asparagine and serine accounted for approximately 20%, while tyrosine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine are present at low levels. The different levels of resistance noted in the different plants were not associated with the concentrations of either amino acids or sugars, the ratios of sugar/amino concentrations or the amino acid compositions obtained from leaf extracts. This suggests that other aspects of plant chemistry confer resistance to cassava mealybugs. L'analyse (acides aminés et sucres) d'extrait de feuille, de 5 variétés de manioc ( Manihot esculenta ), du Faux caoutchouc (Hybride de M. esculenta x M.glaziovii ), du Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrina ) et du Talinum ( Talinum triangularae ), caractérisés par différents degrés de résistance par antibiose à la cochenille du manioc ( Phenacoccus Manihoti (Mat. Ferr.)) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), a été réalisée sur des extraits obtenus par centrifugation du matériel foliaire. Les teneurs en acids aminés, très différentes d'une plante à l'autre, apparaissent aussi importantes entre les variétés de l'espèce manioc qu'entre les différentes espèces végétales avec respectivement un rapport de variation de 4,5 et 5,5. De même, les teneurs en sucres (exprimées en équivalent saccharose), sont très différentes d'une plante à l'autre avec un rapport de variation de 1 à 33 entre les deux extrêmes, si l'on ne considère que l'espèce M. esculenta , il n'est plus que de 3,5. Des différences dans les proportions relatives des acids aminés libres d'extrait de feuille sont observées aussi bien entre les variétés de manioc qu'entre les espèces végétales. Cependant pour toutes les plantes étudiées l'acide glutamique, la glutamine, l'ethanolamine, et l'alanine représentent près de 50% des acides aminés de l'extrait de feuille; l'acide aspertique, l'asparagine et la sérine près de 20% tandis que la tyrosine, la méthionine, l'isoleucine, la leucine et la lysine sont présents en très faibles pourcentages. Le degré de résistance à la cochenille du manioc des différentes plantes-hôtes n'a pu être relié, ni à la teneur de leur extrait de feuille en acides aminés et en sucres, ni à leur composition relative en acides aminés. Il n'a pu être non plus relié au rapport Sucres/Acides aminés Nos résultats suggèrent que des caractéristiques biochimiques autres que celles étudiées dans ce travail interviennent dans les mécanismes de résistance vis-à-vis de la cochenille du manioc.

Jianming Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Investigation of in vivo metabolic profile of Abelmoschus Manihot based on pattern recognition analysis
    Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Ping Lin, Erxin Shang, Yuping Tang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik. var. Manihot is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and has played an important role in treating chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. Aim of the study: Metabolites identification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complex and time-consuming process due to the complicity of TCM and subsequent large number of detected ions. In this paper, UPLC–MS combined with pattern recognition analysis approach were used to simplify and quicken the identification of the metabolites of Abelmoschus Manihot . Materials and methods: Rat urine samples were collected before (as control sample) and after Abelmoschus Manihot administration. Pattern recognition analysis method was used to differentiate components between Abelmoschus Manihot -treated group and its controlled comparison. These components could be considered as Abelmoschus Manihot -related metabolites in vivo . Results: LC–MS based metabolomics could be an advanced tool to help us find metabolites with regards to its capacity of processing large datasets, differentiating and classifying of sample groups, as well as its indiscriminative nature of biomarker and metabolite identification. Using this method, seven metabolites were identified, which are flavonoid aglycone glucuronidation, sulfatation, and methylation metabolites. Conclusion: Our results showed that UPLC–MS based- pattern recognition analysis approach can be used to quickly identify Abelmoschus Manihot related metabolites in biological fluids. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the potential application of combining the UPLC–MS approach with the metabolomics approach in identifying the metabolites of TCM.

  • screening for in vitro metabolites of abelmoschus Manihot extract in intestinal bacteria by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry
    Journal of Chromatography B, 2011
    Co-Authors: Caifu Xue, Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Shu Jiang, Erxin Shang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Abelmoschus Manihot has drawn much attention recently due to its potential beneficial health effects after oral administration. However, the metabolic fate of A. Manihot in intestinal flora is not well understood. In this paper, we describe a strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF MS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx™) for fast analysis of the metabolic profile of flavonoids from A. Manihot in intestinal flora. The human and rat incubated samples collected 72 h in the anaerobic incubator were analyzed by UPLC–Q-TOF MS within 10 min. A total of 14 metabolites were identified in human and rat incubated solution compared with blank samples. The results indicated that hydrolysis, hydroxylation and acetylation were the major metabolic pathways of flavonoids in A. Manihot extract in vitro. MSE was used for simultaneous acquisition of precursor ion information and fragment ion data at high and low collision energy in one analytical run, which facilitated the fast structural characterization of metabolites. This work demonstrated the potential of the UPLC–Q-TOF MS approach using Metabolynx for fast and automated identification of metabolites of natural product in intestinal flora.

  • Absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot extract by in situ intestinal perfusion
    Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2011
    Co-Authors: Caifu Xue, Jianming Guo, Da-wei Qian, Jin-ao Duan, Yan Shu
    Abstract:

    To explore the mechanism of the absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers, in situ intestinal recirculation was performed to study the effect of the absorption at different concentrations and different intestinal regions. To evaluate the conditions of the absorption of six flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers, the concentrations of Abelmoschus Manihot in the perfusion solution were determined by HPLC at predesigned time. And we have investigated the inhibitory effect of six flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump. The results demonstrated that the absorption rates of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers are not significantly different (P > 0.05) at various drug concentrations, the absorption of flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers is a first-order process with the passive diffusion mechanism. The absorption rates of each of flavonoids are significantly different. The absorption rate of flavonoid glycoside was lower than that of aglycone; the flavonoids from Abelmoschus Manihot flowers could be absorbed in all of the intestinal segments. The best parts of intestine to absorb hyperoside and myricetin are jejunum and duodenum, separately. Verapamil could enhance the absorption of isoquercitrin, hyperoside, myricetin and quercetin-3'-O-glucoside by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump.

  • fast and automated characterization of major constituents in rat biofluid after oral administration of abelmoschus Manihot extract using ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and metabolynx
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jianming Guo, Jin-ao Duan, Erxin Shang, Yuping Tang, Da-wei Qian
    Abstract:

    In drug metabolism research, the setting up of a complex series of mass spectrometry experiments and the subsequent analysis of the large amounts of data produced are often time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOFMS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx™) for fast analysis of the metabolic profile of flavonoids in Abelmoschus Manihot. Rat plasma and urine samples collected 1 h and 0–12 h after oral administration of Abelmoschus Manihot were analyzed by UPLC/QTOFMS within 15 min. The post-acquisition data were processed using MetaboLynx. With key parameters carefully set, MetaboLynx is able to show the presence of a wide range of metabolites with only a limited requirement for manual intervention and data interpretation time. A total of 16 and 38 metabolites were identified in plasma and urine compared with blank samples. The results indicated that methylation and glucuronidation after deglycosylation were the major metabolic pathways of flavonoid glycosides in Abelmoschus Manihot. The present study provided important information about the metabolism of flavonoid glycosides in Abelmoschus Manihot which will be helpful for fully understanding the mechanism of action of this herb. Furthermore, this work demonstrated the potential of the UPLC/QTOFMS approach using MetaboLynx for fast and automated identification of metabolites from Chinese herbal medicines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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