The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Cyril Zipfel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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function discovery and exploitation of plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for broad spectrum disease resistance
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Freddy Boutrot, Cyril ZipfelAbstract:Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have devastating ecological and economic consequences on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants employ receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) to monitor their apoplastic environment and detect non-self and damaged-self Patterns as signs of potential danger. Plant PRRs contribute to both basal and non-host resistances, and treatment with pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) or damage-associated molecular Patterns (DAMPs) recognized by plant PRRs induces both local and systemic immunity. Here, we comprehensively review known PAMPs/DAMPs recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date. In particular, we describe the different methods that can be used to identify PAMPs/DAMPs and PRRs. Finally, we emphasize the emerging biotechnological potential use of PRRs to imp...
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function discovery and exploitation of plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for broad spectrum disease resistance
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Freddy Boutrot, Cyril ZipfelAbstract:Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have devastating ecological and economic consequences on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants employ receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) to monitor their apoplastic environment and detect non-self and damaged-self Patterns as signs of potential danger. Plant PRRs contribute to both basal and non-host resistances, and treatment with pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) or damage-associated molecular Patterns (DAMPs) recognized by plant PRRs induces both local and systemic immunity. Here, we comprehensively review known PAMPs/DAMPs recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date. In particular, we describe the different methods that can be used to identify PAMPs/DAMPs and PRRs. Finally, we emphasize the emerging biotechnological potential use of PRRs to improve broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops.
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the phylogenetically related Pattern Recognition Receptors efr and xa21 recruit similar immune signaling components in monocots and dicots
PLOS Pathogens, 2015Co-Authors: Nicholas Holton, Vladimir Nekrasov, Pamela C Ronald, Cyril ZipfelAbstract:During plant immunity, surface-localized Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular Patterns (PAMPs). The transfer of PRRs between plant species is a promising strategy for engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance. Thus, there is a great interest in understanding the mechanisms of PRR-mediated resistance across different plant species. Two well-characterized plant PRRs are the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) EFR and XA21 from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and rice, respectively. Interestingly, despite being evolutionary distant, EFR and XA21 are phylogenetically closely related and are both members of the sub-family XII of LRR-RKs that contains numerous potential PRRs. Here, we compared the ability of these related PRRs to engage immune signaling across the monocots-dicots taxonomic divide. Using chimera between Arabidopsis EFR and rice XA21, we show that the kinase domain of the rice XA21 is functional in triggering elf18-induced signaling and quantitative immunity to the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the EFR:XA21 chimera associates dynamically in a ligand-dependent manner with known components of the EFR complex. Conversely, EFR associates with Arabidopsis orthologues of rice XA21-interacting proteins, which appear to be involved in EFR-mediated signaling and immunity in Arabidopsis. Our work indicates the overall functional conservation of immune components acting downstream of distinct LRR-RK-type PRRs between monocots and dicots.
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Plant Pattern-Recognition Receptors.
Trends in immunology, 2014Co-Authors: Cyril ZipfelAbstract:Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens in their immediate environment. Yet, despite relying on innate immunity only, plants are resistant to most microbes. They employ Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs) for sensitive and rapid detection of the potential danger caused by microbes and pests. Plant PRRs are either surface-localized receptor kinases (RKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs) containing various ligand-binding ectodomains that perceive pathogen-associated molecular Patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular Patterns (DAMPs). In this review, I summarize our current knowledge of plant PRRs and their ligands, illustrating the multiple molecular strategies employed by plant PRRs to activate innate immune signaling to survive.
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Activation of plant Pattern-Recognition Receptors by bacteria
Current opinion in microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Cécile Segonzac, Cyril ZipfelAbstract:The first active layer of plant innate immunity relies on the Recognition by surface Receptors of molecules indicative of non-self or modified-self. The activation of Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs) by pathogen-associated molecular Patterns (PAMPs) is in essence sufficient to stop pathogen invasion through transcriptional reprogramming and production of anti-microbials. The few PRR/PAMP pairs that are characterised provide useful models to study the specificity of ligand-binding and likely activation mechanisms. Both classical and new approaches are still required to identify new bacterial PAMPs. Current genetic screens, functional genomics and biochemical analyses have identified the regulation mechanisms of PRR transcription and biogenesis, provided insights into the composition of PRR complexes at the plasma membrane and highlighted the roles of long-known signalling components in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI).
Luis Vaca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interaction between virus like particles vlps and Pattern Recognition Receptors prrs from dendritic cells dcs toward better engineering of vlps
Frontiers in Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Jesus Zepedacervantes, Josue O Ramirezjarquin, Luis VacaAbstract:Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to be strong activators of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) and their activation prompts the priming of immunity mediators based on B and T cells. The first step for the activation of DCs is the binding of VLPs to Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) on the surface of DCs, followed by VLP internalization. Like wild-type viruses, VLPs use specific PRRs from the DC; however, these Recognition interactions between VLPs and PRRs from DCs have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this review, we focused on the interaction between proteins that form VLPs and PRRs from DCs. Several proteins that form VLP contain glycosylations that allow the direct interaction with PRRs sensing carbohydrates, prompting DC maturation and leading to the development of strong adaptive immune responses. We also discussed how the knowledge of the molecular interaction between VLPs and PRRs from DCs can lead to the smart design of VLPs, whether based on the fusion of foreign epitopes or their chemical conjugation, as well as other modifications that have been shown to induce a stronger adaptive immune response and protection against infectious pathogens of importance in human and veterinary medicine. Finally, we address the use of VLPs as tools against cancer and allergic diseases.
Freddy Boutrot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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function discovery and exploitation of plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for broad spectrum disease resistance
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Freddy Boutrot, Cyril ZipfelAbstract:Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have devastating ecological and economic consequences on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants employ receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) to monitor their apoplastic environment and detect non-self and damaged-self Patterns as signs of potential danger. Plant PRRs contribute to both basal and non-host resistances, and treatment with pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) or damage-associated molecular Patterns (DAMPs) recognized by plant PRRs induces both local and systemic immunity. Here, we comprehensively review known PAMPs/DAMPs recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date. In particular, we describe the different methods that can be used to identify PAMPs/DAMPs and PRRs. Finally, we emphasize the emerging biotechnological potential use of PRRs to imp...
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function discovery and exploitation of plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for broad spectrum disease resistance
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Freddy Boutrot, Cyril ZipfelAbstract:Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have devastating ecological and economic consequences on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants employ receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) to monitor their apoplastic environment and detect non-self and damaged-self Patterns as signs of potential danger. Plant PRRs contribute to both basal and non-host resistances, and treatment with pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) or damage-associated molecular Patterns (DAMPs) recognized by plant PRRs induces both local and systemic immunity. Here, we comprehensively review known PAMPs/DAMPs recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date. In particular, we describe the different methods that can be used to identify PAMPs/DAMPs and PRRs. Finally, we emphasize the emerging biotechnological potential use of PRRs to improve broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops.
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perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity Pattern Recognition Receptors in the frontline
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2015Co-Authors: Lucie Trda, Freddy Boutrot, Justine Claverie, Daphnee Brule, Stephan Dorey, Benoit PoinssotAbstract:Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular Patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early Recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial function of PRRs during plant-microbe interactions, with a special emphasis on the Receptors of the bacterial flagellin and peptidoglycan. In addition, we discuss the multiple strategies used by bacteria to evade PRR-mediated Recognition.
Silke Robatzek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The INs and OUTs of Pattern Recognition Receptors at the cell surface.
Current opinion in plant biology, 2012Co-Authors: Martina Beck, William Heard, Malick Mbengue, Silke RobatzekAbstract:Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) enable plants to sense non-self molecules displayed by microbes to mount proper defense responses or establish symbiosis. In recent years the importance of PRR subcellular trafficking to plant immunity has become apparent. PRRs traffic through the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, where they recognize their cognate ligands. At the plasma membrane, PRRs can be recycled or internalized via endocytic pathways. By using genetic and biochemical tools in combination with bioimaging, the trafficking pathways and their role in PRR perception of microbial molecules are now being revealed.
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Pattern Recognition Receptors require N-glycosylation to mediate plant immunity
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Heidrun Häweker, Susanne Salomon, Stephan Rips, Delphine Chinchilla, Hisashi Koiwa, Yusuke Saijo, Silke Robatzek, Antje Von SchaewenAbstract:N-Glycans attached to the ectodomains of plasma membrane Pattern Recognition Receptors constitute likely initial contact sites between plant cells and invading pathogens. To assess the role of N-glycans in receptor-mediated immune responses, we investigated the functionality of Arabidopsis receptor kinases EFR and FLS2, sensing bacterial translation elongation factor Tu (elf18) and flagellin (flg22), respectively, in N-glycosylation mutants. As revealed by binding and responses to elf18 or flg22, both Receptors tolerated immature N-glycans induced by mutations in various Golgi modification steps. EFR was specifically impaired by loss-of-function mutations in STT3A, a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum resident oligosaccharyltransferase complex. FLS2 tolerated mild underglycosylation occurring in stt3a but was sensitive to severe underglycosylation induced by tunicamycin treatment. EFR accumulation was significantly reduced when synthesized without N-glycans but to lesser extent when underglycosylated in stt3a or mutated in single amino acid positions. Interestingly, EFR(N143Q) lacking a single conserved N-glycosylation site from the EFR ectodomain accumulated to reduced levels and lost the ability to bind its ligand and to mediate elf18-elicited oxidative burst. However, EFR-YFP protein localization and peptide:N-glycosidase F digestion assays support that both EFR produced in stt3a and EFR(N143Q) in wild type cells correctly targeted to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus. These results indicate that a single N-glycan plays a critical role for receptor abundance and ligand Recognition during plant-pathogen interactions at the cell surface.
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Pattern Recognition Receptors from the cell surface to intracellular dynamics
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions, 2007Co-Authors: Denise Altenbach, Silke RobatzekAbstract:Detection of potentially infectious microorganisms is essential for plant immunity. Microbial communities growing on plant surfaces are constantly monitored according to their conserved microbe-associated molecular Patterns (MAMPs). In recent years, several Pattern-Recognition Receptors, including receptor-like kinases and receptor-like proteins, and their contribution to disease resistance have been described. MAMP signaling must be carefully controlled and seems to involve receptor endocytosis. As a further surveillance layer, plants are able to specifically recognize microbial effector molecules via nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat Receptors (NB-LRR). A number of recent studies show that NB-LRR translocate to the nucleus in order to exert their activity. In this review, current knowledge regarding the Recognition of MAMPs by surface Receptors, receptor activation, signaling, and subcellular redistribution are discussed.
David L Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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human monocyte scavenger Receptors are Pattern Recognition Receptors for 1 3 β d glucans
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2002Co-Authors: Peter J Rice, John Kalbfleisch, David L Williams, Harry E Ensley, Grigorij Kogan, Jim Kelley, William I BrowderAbstract:Glucans are cell wall constituents of fungi and bacteria that bind to Pattern Recognition Receptors and modulate innate immunity, in part, by macrophage activation. We used surface plas- mon resonance to examine the binding of glucans, differing in fine structure and charge density, to scavenger Receptors on membranes isolated from human monocyte U937 cells. Experiments were performed at 25°C using a biosensor surface with immobilized acetylated low density lipoprotein (AcLDL). Inhibition of the binding by polyinosinic acid, but not polycytidylic acid, confirmed the in- teraction of scavenger Receptors. Competition studies showed that there are at least two AcLDL binding sites on human U937 cells. Glucan phos- phate interacts with all sites, and the CM-glucans and laminarin interact with a subset of sites. Poly- mer charge has a dramatic effect on the affinity of glucans with macrophage scavenger Receptors. However, it is also clear that human monocyte scavenger Receptors recognize the basic glucan structure independent of charge. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72: 140-146; 2002.
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human monocyte scavenger Receptors are Pattern Recognition Receptors for 1 3 β d glucans
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2002Co-Authors: Peter J Rice, John Kalbfleisch, David L Williams, Harry E Ensley, Grigorij Kogan, Jim Kelley, William I BrowderAbstract:Glucans are cell wall constituents of fungi and bacteria that bind to Pattern Recognition Receptors and modulate innate immunity, in part, by macrophage activation. We used surface plasmon resonance to examine the binding of glucans, differing in fine structure and charge density, to scavenger Receptors on membranes isolated from human monocyte U937 cells. Experiments were performed at 25 degrees C using a biosensor surface with immobilized acetylated low density lipoprotein (AcLDL). Inhibition of the binding by polyinosinic acid, but not polycytidylic acid, confirmed the interaction of scavenger Receptors. Competition studies showed that there are at least two AcLDL binding sites on human U937 cells. Glucan phosphate interacts with all sites, and the CM-glucans and laminarin interact with a subset of sites. Polymer charge has a dramatic effect on the affinity of glucans with macrophage scavenger Receptors. However, it is also clear that human monocyte scavenger Receptors recognize the basic glucan structure independent of charge.