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Marcel Dicke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship between the ability to penetrate complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites and the ability of thread cutting behavior in phytoseiid Predatory Mites
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Abstract Predatory Mites, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus spider Mites, are less hindered by complex webs of the spider Mites than are other Predatory Mites that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores. This can be partly explained by their chaetotaxy, a morphological protection against the webs. However, it has up to now been unclear whether the ability to penetrate complex webs is related to the ability of thread-cutting behavior to reduce the effects of the webs. The two Predatory Mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and Typhlodromus vulgaris, that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores, were often entrapped by the sticky silken threads while moving within the complex web produced by the two-spotted spider Mites Tetranychus urticae. Once captured, their movements and foraging activities were hindered until their escape from entrapment. In contrast, N. womersleyi and Phytoseiulus persimilis, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites, were significantly less frequently entrapped by the web and for shorter periods. Furthermore, N. womersleyi and P. persimilis cut significantly more silken threads within the web than did N. cucumeris and T. vulgaris. The different behavioral activities exhibited by N. cucumeris and N. womersleyi could not be explained by their rearing conditions (i.e., past experience with complex webs). These results supported the hypothesis and might offer an ecological indicator for distinguishing potential important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites from less useful types.
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relationship between the ability to penetrate complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites and the ability of thread cutting behavior in phytoseiid Predatory Mites
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Predatory Mites, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus spider Mites, are less hindered by complex webs of the spider Mites than are other Predatory Mites that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores. This can be partly explained by their chaetotaxy, a morphological protection against the webs. However, it has up to now been unclear whether the ability to penetrate complex webs is related to the ability of thread-cutting behavior to reduce the effects of the webs. The two Predatory Mites Neo-seiulus cucumeris and Typhlodromus vulgaris, that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores, were often entrapped by the sticky silken threads while moving within the complex web produced by the two-spotted spider Mites Tetranychus urticae. Once captured, their movements and foraging activities were hindered until their escape from entrapment. In contrast, N. womersleyi and Phytoseiulus persimilis, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites, were significantly less frequently entrapped by the web and for shorter periods. Furthermore, N. womersleyi and P. persimilis cut significantly more silken threads within the web than did N. cucumeris and T. vulgaris. The different behavioral activities exhibited by N. cucumeris and N. womersleyi could not be explained by their rearing conditions (i.e., past experience with complex webs). These results supported the hypothesis and might offer an ecological indicator for distinguishing potential important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites from less useful types. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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comparison of thread cutting behavior in three specialist Predatory Mites to cope with complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2009Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Anti-predator defenses provided by complex webs of Tetranychus Mites can severely impede the performance of generalist Predatory Mites, whereas this may not be true for specialist Predatory Mites. Although some specialist Predatory Mites have developed morphological protection to reduce the adverse effects of complex webs, little is known about their behavioral abilities to cope with the webs. In this study, we compared thread-cutting behavior of three specialist Predatory Mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiuluswomersleyi and N. californicus, exhibited inside the complex web of T. urticae. No major difference was observed among them in the basic pattern of this behavior, using chelicerae and palps, and in the number of silken threads severed while moving inside the web. These results and observations suggest that each predator species cut many sticky silken threads to move inside the complex web without suffering from serious obstruction.
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Predatory Mites learn to discriminate between plant volatiles induced by prey and nonprey herbivores
Animal Behaviour, 2005Co-Authors: J G De Boer, Tjeerd A L Snoeren, Marcel DickeAbstract:Many carnivorous arthropods can use chemical information from plants to locate their herbivorous prey. The composition of blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles can vary with plant and herbivore species and thus carnivores are confronted with variable information about the presence of their prey. Such environmental variation is expected to favour learning. We investigated the learning ability of the Predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, a specialized natural enemy of polyphagous spider Mites. We reared Mites on different plant species, and subsequently tested their preference for volatiles from lima bean plants infested with either the prey herbivore Tetranychus urticae or the nonprey caterpillar Spodoptera exigua in a Y-tube olfactometer. Predators reared on lima bean preferred the volatiles induced by T. urticae, whereas predators reared on cucumber did not. We also investigated the foraging behaviour of Mites after a nonrewarding experience during the adult phase (i.e. food deprivation in the presence of S. exigua-induced volatiles from lima bean) or after a rewarding experience (i.e. feeding in the presence of T. urticae-induced volatiles). The rewarding experience had a much larger impact on the foraging responses. Predatory Mites with multiple experiences (i.e. a nonrewarding experience followed by a rewarding experience) had the strongest preference for T. urticae-induced versus S. exigua-induced volatiles. We conclude that these learning abilities enable the Predatory Mites to forage in an environment where their prey can feed on a different plant species than the one on which the predator developed, and where nonprey caterpillars are also present.
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plant phytoseiid interactions mediated by herbivore induced plant volatiles variation in production of cues and in responses of Predatory Mites
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 1998Co-Authors: Marcel Dicke, Junji Takabayashi, Maarten A Posthumus, Conny Schutte, O E KripsAbstract:Phytoseiid Mites use herbivore-induced plant volatiles in long-range prey-habitat location and are arrested by these volatiles in a prey patch. The responses of Predatory Mites to these volatiles are considered to be an important factor in the local extermination of prey populations by phytoseiids such as Phytoseiulus persimilis. Prey-induced plant volatiles are highly detectable and can be reliable indicators of prey presence and prey identity. The composition of herbivore-induced plant volatiles depends on plant species and plant cultivar. Moreover, the composition may also vary with the herbivore species that infests a plant. The responses of phytoseiids to prey-induced plant volatiles from a specific plant-herbivore combination are highly variable. Causal factors include starvation, specific hunger, experience, pathogen infestation and the presence of competitors. Investigating variation in the phytoseiid's behavioural response in relation to these factors is important for understanding how and why behavioural strategies maximize phytoseiid fitness.
Carlo Duso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of spray drift reduction techniques on pests and Predatory Mites in orchards and vineyards
Crop Protection, 2017Co-Authors: Diego Fornasiero, Carlo Duso, Alberto Pozzebon, Paola Tirello, Nicola Mori, Enzo Tescari, Rita Bradascio, S OttoAbstract:Abstract Spray drift of pesticides has a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems and the environment, including damage to non-target organisms. Particularly, the drift of some insecticides can have detrimental effects on beneficial arthropods such as Predatory Mites. According to a recent EU Directive, the reduction of spray drift is required for a sustainable use of pesticides, yet without reduction of efficacy against pests. In this framework, eight field trials were conducted from 2012 to 2014 in two typical growing areas of Verona district (Northern Italy), four on apple orchards and four on vineyards. The aim of these trials was to evaluate, for two spray drift reduction techniques: 1) the spatial patterns of in-field droplets, 2) the efficacy against key pests on apple and grape (Cydia pomonella L. and Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller respectively), 3) the side effects on Predatory mite populations. Four insecticides: chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methoxyfenozide and spinetoram, were applied with three different spraying techniques: high-drift nozzles (Albuz, ATR 80 yellow), low-drift nozzles (Albuz, TVI 80015 green), and high-drift nozzles with an anti-drift adjuvant (rapeseed oil). Results showed that the two spray drift reduction techniques effectively increased droplets amounts next to sprayer, reducing potential drift on both apple orchards and vineyards and were generally as effective as standard nozzles without additional side effects on beneficial arthropods. Results suggest that the use of spray drift reduction techniques such as low-drift nozzles and anti-drift adjuvants can be effective in managing key pests and also in decreasing the environmental impact of using insecticides.
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role of supplemental foods and habitat structural complexity in persistence and coexistence of generalist Predatory Mites
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Alberto Pozzebon, Gregory M Loeb, Carlo DusoAbstract:Plant traits can influence the interactions between herbivore arthropods and their natural enemies. In these interactions generalist predators are often present, preying on herbivores and also on other arthropods in the same trophic guild. Variation in the strength of intraguild predation (IGP) may be related to habitat structural complexity and to additional resources outside the narrow predator-prey relationship. In this paper we study the food web interactions on grape, which involves two generalist Predatory Mites. We evaluated the effects of grape powdery mildew (GPM) as supplemental food, and habitat structural complexity provided by domatia. The inoculation of GPM resulted in higher Predatory mite densities and reduced the negative impact of unfavorable leaf structure for one species. Access to domatia was the main factor in promoting population abundance and persistence of Predatory Mites. Access to domatia and GPM availability favored the coexistence of Predatory Mites at a low density of the intraguild prey. Our findings suggest that structural and nutritional diversity/complexity promote Predatory mite abundance and can help to maintain the beneficial Mites - plants association. The effect of these factors on coexistence between predators is influenced by the supplemental food quality and relative differences in body size of interacting species.
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does pollen availability mitigate the impact of pesticides on generalist Predatory Mites
Biocontrol, 2014Co-Authors: Alberto Pozzebon, Mauro Lorenzon, Shakeel Ahmad, Paola Tirello, Carlo DusoAbstract:The effect of the provision of pollen on the impact of pesticides on the Predatory mite Kampimodromus aberrans was assessed at individual and population levels. In the laboratory we evaluated the influence of pollen amount and pollen application frequency on lethal and sub-lethal effects of chlorpyrifos and spinosad. In a potted plant experiment, the effects of pesticides and pollen were assessed on Predatory mite population abundance. In the laboratory, survival and fecundity of Predatory Mites were reduced by insecticides, and spinosad was more toxic than chlorpyrifos. In the same experiment, high pollen application frequency alleviated the sub-lethal effect induced by chlorpyrifos. On potted plants, pollen applications reduced the impact of chlorpyrifos on K. aberrans, whereas without pollen applications the impact of spinosad and chlorpyrifos on the Predatory mite population was similar. Results obtained here highlight that the provision of fresh pollen is of particular importance for Predatory Mites when pesticides are applied.
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Effects of potential food sources on biological and demographic parameters of the Predatory Mites Kampimodromus aberrans, Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius andersoni
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2012Co-Authors: Mauro Lorenzon, Alberto Pozzebon, Carlo DusoAbstract:Kampimodromus aberrans , Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius andersoni are generalist Predatory Mites important in controlling tetranychid and eriophyoid Mites in European vineyards. They can persist by exploiting various non-prey foods when their main prey is absent or scarce. A comparative analysis of the effects of various prey and non-prey foods on the life history of these predators is lacking. In the laboratory, Predatory Mites were reared on herbivorous Mites ( Panonychus ulmi , Eotetranychus carpini and Colomerus vitis ), a potential alternative prey ( Tydeus caudatus ) and two non-prey foods, i.e. the pollen of Typha latifolia and the mycelium of Grape downy mildew (GDM) Plasmopara viticola . Developmental times, survival, sex ratio and fecundity as well as life table parameters were estimated. Kampimodromus aberrans developed faster on E. carpini , C. vitis or pollen than on P. ulmi and laid more eggs on pollen than on prey. Low numbers of this predator developed on GDM infected leaves. Tydeus caudatus was not suitable as prey for any of the three Predatory Mites. Kampimodromus aberrans showed the highest intrinsic rate of population increase when fed on pollen. Developmental times of T. pyri on prey or pollen were similar but fecundity was higher on pollen than on P. ulmi . Typhlodromus pyri had higher intrinsic rates of population increase on C. vitis and pollen than on P. ulmi ; E. carpini showed intermediate values whereas GDM resulted in the lowest r _ m values. Development of A. andersoni females was faster on pollen and C. vitis than on P. ulmi and GDM. Fecundity was higher on pollen and Mites compared to GDM. Life table parameters of A. andersoni did not differ when predators were fed with prey or pollen while GDM led to a lower r _ m value. On a specific diet A. andersoni exhibited faster development and higher fecundity than T. pyri and K. aberrans . These findings improve knowledge on factors affecting the potential of Predatory Mites in controlling phytophagous Mites in European vineyards.
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grape powdery mildew as a food source for generalist Predatory Mites occurring in vineyards effects on life history traits
Annals of Applied Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Alberto Pozzebon, Gregory M Loeb, Carlo DusoAbstract:In several perennial cropping systems, generalist or omnivorous species represent important biocontrol agents. They can persist on plants by feeding on alternative foods when prey is scarce and potentially limit pest outbreaks. Among beneficials characterised by a wide food range, those belonging to the acarine family Phytoseiidae represent important biocontrol agents. Generalist Predatory Mites can develop and reproduce using various food sources as alternatives to their tetranychid prey. The presence of alternative food sources can also induce switching feeding behaviour of generalist predators from prey to alternative foods. We evaluated in the laboratory the role of the grape powdery mildew (GPM) for the survival, development and reproduction of Amblyseius andersoni and Typhlodromus pyri, two important beneficial phytoseiid Mites, in European and North-American vineyards. We also compared life-history parameters obtained when feeding on GPM with those obtained feeding on tetranychids mite prey or cattail pollen. Results indicated that GPM is an adequate food source for generalist mite survival and development. Results suggest that GPM can sustain mite populations in the absence of higher quality food sources. Based on optimal foraging theory, comparison of life-history parameters on GPM and mite prey suggests that the disruption of phytophagous mite control by these Predatory Mites in the presence of GPM appears unlikely. Implications for biological control in vineyards are discussed.
Peter Schausberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transgenerational loss and recovery of early learning ability in foraging Predatory Mites
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2017Co-Authors: Marliza B. Reichert, Inga C Christiansen, Michael Seiter, Peter SchausbergerAbstract:The ability to learn is ubiquitous in animals but highly variable within and between species, populations and individuals. Diet-related circumstances, such as diet quantity and quality can influence both long-term constitutive (genetic; by selection) and short-term operational (non-genetic; by the immediate circumstances) learning performance. Here, we scrutinized the causes of loss of learning ability, following multi-generational feeding on pollen, in a line of the Predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii , which was previously well able to learn prey during early life, enhancing foraging later in life. We investigated whether, and, if so, how quickly, a transgenerational diet switch to live prey restores the early learning ability of foraging Predatory Mites. The first experiment shows that the early learning ability was restored after switching the diet of the pollen-fed predator line to live spider Mites for two generations before conducting the behavioral assay. The second experiment reveals that offspring regained their learning ability if the diet of their mothers was switched from pollen to spider Mites for 3 or 10 days before offspring production. Both experiments in concert suggest transgenerational, pollen-induced operational loss of learning ability in the Predatory mite A . swirskii . Maternally-transmitted nutrient deficiency and/or maternally-induced epigenetic changes are the most plausible explanations for the pollen diet-induced loss of learning ability. Our study represents a key example for maternal diet-induced variation in learning ability.
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Constitutive and Operational Variation of Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites.
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Michael Seiter, Peter SchausbergerAbstract:Learning is widely documented across animal taxa but studies stringently scrutinizing the causes of constitutive or operational variation of learning among populations and individuals are scarce. The ability to learn is genetically determined and subject to constitutive variation while the performance in learning depends on the immediate circumstances and is subject to operational variation. We assessed variation in learning ability and performance of plant-inhabiting Predatory Mites, Amblyseius swirskii, caused by population origin, rearing diet, and type of experience. Using an early learning foraging paradigm, we determined that homogeneous single prey environments did not select for reduced learning ability, as compared to natural prey-diverse environments, whereas a multi-generational pollen diet resulted in loss of learning, as compared to a diet of live prey. Associative learning produced stronger effects than non-associative learning but both types of experience produced persistent memory. Our study represents a key example of environmentally caused variation in learning ability and performance.
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benefit cost trade offs of early learning in foraging Predatory Mites amblyseius swirskii
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Inga C Christiansen, Peter Schausberger, Sandra SzinAbstract:Learning is changed behavior following experience, and ubiquitous in animals including plant-inhabiting Predatory Mites (Phytoseiidae). Learning has many benefits but also incurs costs, which are only poorly understood. Here, we addressed learning, especially its costs, in the generalist Predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii, a biocontrol agent of several herbivores, which can also survive on pollen. The goals of our research were (1) to scrutinize if A. swirskii is able to learn during early life in foraging contexts and, if so, (2) to determine the costs of early learning. In the experiments, we used one difficult-to-grasp prey, i.e., thrips, and one easy-to-grasp prey, i.e., spider Mites. Our experiments show that A. swirskii is able to learn during early life. Adult predators attacked prey experienced early in life (i.e., matching prey) more quickly than they attacked unknown (i.e., non-matching) prey. Furthermore, we observed both fitness benefits and operating (physiological) costs of early learning. Predators receiving the matching prey produced the most eggs, whereas predators receiving the non-matching prey produced the least. Thrips-experienced predators needed the longest for juvenile development. Our findings may be used to enhance A. swirskii’s efficacy in biological control, by priming young predators on a specific prey early in life.
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diet dependent intraguild predation between the Predatory Mites neoseiulus californicus and neoseiulus cucumeris
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: D Mendel, Peter SchausbergerAbstract:Based on the hypothesis that matching diets of intraguild (IG) predator and prey indicate strong food competition and thus intensify intraguild predation (IGP) as compared to non-matching diets, we scrutinized diet-dependent mutual IGP between the Predatory Mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and N. californicus. Both are natural enemies of herbivorous Mites and insects and used in biological control of spider Mites and thrips in various agricultural crops. Both are generalist predators that may also feed on plant-derived substances such as pollen. Irrespective of diet (pollen or spider Mites), N. cucumeris females had higher predation and oviposition rates and shorter attack latencies on IG prey than N. californicus. Predation rates on larvae were unaffected by diet but larvae from pollen-fed mothers were a more profitable prey than those from spider-mite fed mothers resulting in higher oviposition rates of IG predator females. Pollen-fed protonymphs were earlier attacked by IG predator females than spider-mite fed protonymphs. Spider mite-fed N. californicus females attacked protonymphs earlier than did pollen-fed N. californicus females. Overall, our study suggests that predator and prey diet may exert subtle influences on mutual IGP between bio-control agents. Matching diets did not intensify IGP between N. californicus and N. cucumeris but predator and prey diets proximately influenced IGP through changes in behaviour and/or stoichiometry.
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kin recognition by juvenile Predatory Mites prior association or phenotype matching
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2007Co-Authors: Peter SchausbergerAbstract:Kin recognition, the biased treatment of conspecific individuals based on genetic relatedness, is a widespread phenomenon in animals. The most common mechanisms mediating kin recognition are prior association (familiarity) and phenotype matching. Recognition based on prior association allows identifying familiar individuals. Recognition based on phenotype matching is an extension of prior-association-based recognition and allows identifying familiar and unfamiliar individuals due to a shared phenotypic trait. I investigated which of the two mechanisms is used by cannibalistic juvenile Predatory Mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis. Protonymphs that were associated with either siblings or non-kin discriminated familiar and unfamiliar larvae and preferentially cannibalized the latter irrespective of genetic relatedness. In contrast, despite previous association with either siblings or non-kin, protonymphs did not discriminate unfamiliar sibling and unfamiliar non-kin larvae. Association in the larval stage therefore mediated kin recognition based on familiarity, but not phenotype matching in cannibalistic P. persimilis protonymphs. Furthermore, in the presence of a familiar prey individual, sibling cannibalism occurred significantly sooner than non-kin cannibalism. This quick sibling cannibalism may have been the consequence of preferential association of siblings and/or may indicate the occurrence of an alternative cannibal phenotype. I discuss the adaptive significance of prior-association-based recognition for P. persimilis juveniles and emphasize the ability of P. persimilis to use multiple recognition mechanisms in dependence of the ontogeny and the ecological context.
Junji Takabayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship between the ability to penetrate complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites and the ability of thread cutting behavior in phytoseiid Predatory Mites
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Abstract Predatory Mites, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus spider Mites, are less hindered by complex webs of the spider Mites than are other Predatory Mites that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores. This can be partly explained by their chaetotaxy, a morphological protection against the webs. However, it has up to now been unclear whether the ability to penetrate complex webs is related to the ability of thread-cutting behavior to reduce the effects of the webs. The two Predatory Mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and Typhlodromus vulgaris, that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores, were often entrapped by the sticky silken threads while moving within the complex web produced by the two-spotted spider Mites Tetranychus urticae. Once captured, their movements and foraging activities were hindered until their escape from entrapment. In contrast, N. womersleyi and Phytoseiulus persimilis, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites, were significantly less frequently entrapped by the web and for shorter periods. Furthermore, N. womersleyi and P. persimilis cut significantly more silken threads within the web than did N. cucumeris and T. vulgaris. The different behavioral activities exhibited by N. cucumeris and N. womersleyi could not be explained by their rearing conditions (i.e., past experience with complex webs). These results supported the hypothesis and might offer an ecological indicator for distinguishing potential important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites from less useful types.
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relationship between the ability to penetrate complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites and the ability of thread cutting behavior in phytoseiid Predatory Mites
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Predatory Mites, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus spider Mites, are less hindered by complex webs of the spider Mites than are other Predatory Mites that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores. This can be partly explained by their chaetotaxy, a morphological protection against the webs. However, it has up to now been unclear whether the ability to penetrate complex webs is related to the ability of thread-cutting behavior to reduce the effects of the webs. The two Predatory Mites Neo-seiulus cucumeris and Typhlodromus vulgaris, that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores, were often entrapped by the sticky silken threads while moving within the complex web produced by the two-spotted spider Mites Tetranychus urticae. Once captured, their movements and foraging activities were hindered until their escape from entrapment. In contrast, N. womersleyi and Phytoseiulus persimilis, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites, were significantly less frequently entrapped by the web and for shorter periods. Furthermore, N. womersleyi and P. persimilis cut significantly more silken threads within the web than did N. cucumeris and T. vulgaris. The different behavioral activities exhibited by N. cucumeris and N. womersleyi could not be explained by their rearing conditions (i.e., past experience with complex webs). These results supported the hypothesis and might offer an ecological indicator for distinguishing potential important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites from less useful types. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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comparison of thread cutting behavior in three specialist Predatory Mites to cope with complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2009Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Anti-predator defenses provided by complex webs of Tetranychus Mites can severely impede the performance of generalist Predatory Mites, whereas this may not be true for specialist Predatory Mites. Although some specialist Predatory Mites have developed morphological protection to reduce the adverse effects of complex webs, little is known about their behavioral abilities to cope with the webs. In this study, we compared thread-cutting behavior of three specialist Predatory Mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiuluswomersleyi and N. californicus, exhibited inside the complex web of T. urticae. No major difference was observed among them in the basic pattern of this behavior, using chelicerae and palps, and in the number of silken threads severed while moving inside the web. These results and observations suggest that each predator species cut many sticky silken threads to move inside the complex web without suffering from serious obstruction.
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lotus japonicus infested with herbivorous Mites emits volatile compounds that attract Predatory Mites
Journal of Plant Research, 2000Co-Authors: Rika Ozawa, Takeshi Shimoda, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Gen Ichiro Arimura, Jun Ichiro Horiuchi, Takaaki Nishioka, Junji TakabayashiAbstract:has an indirect defense mechanism against spider Mites, Tetranychus urticae, we investigated the responses of Predatory Mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, to volatile compounds released from T. urticae-infested L. japonicus in a Y-tube olfactometer. Plants infested with spider Mites attracted more P. persimilis than did clean air. Uninfested plants and artificially damaged plants did not attract P. persimilis. When infested by spider Mites, L. japonicus plants started emitting (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, germacrene d, 1-octen-3-ol and methyl salicylate (MeSA). These compounds were considered to be T. urticae-induced plant volatile compounds. When three L. japonicus mutants deficient in nodule organogenesis were infested by the spider Mites, they all attracted P. persimilis. However, two of the infested mutants emitted blends of induced volatile compounds that were qualitatively different from those emitted from infested wild type L. japonicus.
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the effects of rearing conditions on the olfactory response of Predatory Mites phytoseiulus persimilis and amblyseius womersleyi acari phytoseiidae
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2000Co-Authors: Taro Maeda, Shuichi Yano, Junji Takabayashi, Akio TakafujiAbstract:We studied the effect of rearing conditions on the olfactory response of two Predatory mite species, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius womersleyi, to volatiles from kidney bean leaves infested by Tetranychus urticae in a Y-tube olfactometer. Mites of each species were reared under two different sets of conditions: (1) on an artificial arena (plastic board) onto which new T. urticae-infested bean leaves were periodically deposited, and (2) on a detached leaf culture. The Mites of both species that had been reared in the artificial arena showed significant preferences for the infested leaf volatiles. A. womersleyi lost this preference one week after being transferred to the detached leaf culture, whereas P. persimilis maintained the preference for two weeks. In contrast, Mites of both species that were reared on the detached leaf culture did not distinguish between the infested and uninfested leaf volatiles. However, once the Mites were transferred to the artificial arena, both predator species preferred the infested leaf volatiles. This change in the olfactory response was significant in P. persimilis, while it was not in A. womersleyi. These results demonstrate that rearing conditions are important factors in determining the olfactory response of the two species of Predatory Mites.
Takeshi Shimoda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a novel method for protecting slow release sachets of Predatory Mites against environmental stresses and increasing predator release to crops
Biocontrol, 2017Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Yoshitake Kagawa, Kotaro Mori, Norihide Hinomoto, Tadashi Hiraoka, Tetsuo NakajimaAbstract:Slow-release sachets of Predatory Mites are widely employed for controlling small pest arthropods in protected crops. However, environmental stresses can adversely affect the performance of such sachets. To solve this problem, we developed plant-attached shelters that hold sachets of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) or Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot). We conducted laboratory experiments to reveal whether sheltered sachets can protect predators against pesticides and drenching. The numbers of each predator in unsheltered sachets were drastically decreased after spraying with a non-selective pesticide (methidathion), and after continuous spraying (four days) with water, whereas the numbers in the sheltered sachets were not seriously affected by these factors. We also found that more predators (at least for N. californicus) were released from sheltered sachets at different temperatures (25 and 17 °C) than from unsheltered sachets. These results indicate sheltered sachets to be potentially useful for protecting Predatory Mites against environmental stresses and enhancing their release to crops.
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relationship between the ability to penetrate complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites and the ability of thread cutting behavior in phytoseiid Predatory Mites
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Predatory Mites, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus spider Mites, are less hindered by complex webs of the spider Mites than are other Predatory Mites that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores. This can be partly explained by their chaetotaxy, a morphological protection against the webs. However, it has up to now been unclear whether the ability to penetrate complex webs is related to the ability of thread-cutting behavior to reduce the effects of the webs. The two Predatory Mites Neo-seiulus cucumeris and Typhlodromus vulgaris, that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores, were often entrapped by the sticky silken threads while moving within the complex web produced by the two-spotted spider Mites Tetranychus urticae. Once captured, their movements and foraging activities were hindered until their escape from entrapment. In contrast, N. womersleyi and Phytoseiulus persimilis, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites, were significantly less frequently entrapped by the web and for shorter periods. Furthermore, N. womersleyi and P. persimilis cut significantly more silken threads within the web than did N. cucumeris and T. vulgaris. The different behavioral activities exhibited by N. cucumeris and N. womersleyi could not be explained by their rearing conditions (i.e., past experience with complex webs). These results supported the hypothesis and might offer an ecological indicator for distinguishing potential important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites from less useful types. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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relationship between the ability to penetrate complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites and the ability of thread cutting behavior in phytoseiid Predatory Mites
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Abstract Predatory Mites, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus spider Mites, are less hindered by complex webs of the spider Mites than are other Predatory Mites that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores. This can be partly explained by their chaetotaxy, a morphological protection against the webs. However, it has up to now been unclear whether the ability to penetrate complex webs is related to the ability of thread-cutting behavior to reduce the effects of the webs. The two Predatory Mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and Typhlodromus vulgaris, that are natural enemies of other pest herbivores, were often entrapped by the sticky silken threads while moving within the complex web produced by the two-spotted spider Mites Tetranychus urticae. Once captured, their movements and foraging activities were hindered until their escape from entrapment. In contrast, N. womersleyi and Phytoseiulus persimilis, that are important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites, were significantly less frequently entrapped by the web and for shorter periods. Furthermore, N. womersleyi and P. persimilis cut significantly more silken threads within the web than did N. cucumeris and T. vulgaris. The different behavioral activities exhibited by N. cucumeris and N. womersleyi could not be explained by their rearing conditions (i.e., past experience with complex webs). These results supported the hypothesis and might offer an ecological indicator for distinguishing potential important natural enemies of Tetranychus Mites from less useful types.
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comparison of thread cutting behavior in three specialist Predatory Mites to cope with complex webs of tetranychus spider Mites
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2009Co-Authors: Takeshi Shimoda, Hidenari Kishimoto, Hiroshi Amano, Junji Takabayashi, Marcel DickeAbstract:Anti-predator defenses provided by complex webs of Tetranychus Mites can severely impede the performance of generalist Predatory Mites, whereas this may not be true for specialist Predatory Mites. Although some specialist Predatory Mites have developed morphological protection to reduce the adverse effects of complex webs, little is known about their behavioral abilities to cope with the webs. In this study, we compared thread-cutting behavior of three specialist Predatory Mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiuluswomersleyi and N. californicus, exhibited inside the complex web of T. urticae. No major difference was observed among them in the basic pattern of this behavior, using chelicerae and palps, and in the number of silken threads severed while moving inside the web. These results and observations suggest that each predator species cut many sticky silken threads to move inside the complex web without suffering from serious obstruction.
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lotus japonicus infested with herbivorous Mites emits volatile compounds that attract Predatory Mites
Journal of Plant Research, 2000Co-Authors: Rika Ozawa, Takeshi Shimoda, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Gen Ichiro Arimura, Jun Ichiro Horiuchi, Takaaki Nishioka, Junji TakabayashiAbstract:has an indirect defense mechanism against spider Mites, Tetranychus urticae, we investigated the responses of Predatory Mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, to volatile compounds released from T. urticae-infested L. japonicus in a Y-tube olfactometer. Plants infested with spider Mites attracted more P. persimilis than did clean air. Uninfested plants and artificially damaged plants did not attract P. persimilis. When infested by spider Mites, L. japonicus plants started emitting (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, germacrene d, 1-octen-3-ol and methyl salicylate (MeSA). These compounds were considered to be T. urticae-induced plant volatile compounds. When three L. japonicus mutants deficient in nodule organogenesis were infested by the spider Mites, they all attracted P. persimilis. However, two of the infested mutants emitted blends of induced volatile compounds that were qualitatively different from those emitted from infested wild type L. japonicus.