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Mindaugas Bilius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Privačios detektyvinės veiklos priežiūros teisinio reguliavimo gairės Lietuvoje
2020Co-Authors: Mindaugas BiliusAbstract:Issues of legal regulation of Private Detective activities in Lithuania raise several important questions – how certain standards necessary for the provision of Private Detective services will be established and ensured; and how will the supervision and control of such activities be carried out? A Draft Law on Private Detective Activity registered in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania in 2012 raises doubts on the necessity of certain legal provisions provided for in this draft, i.e. is it expedient to licence Private Detective activities? Since licencing is the most strict means of state intervention in the market, this article examines whether it is expedient to licence Private Detective activities, analyzes other possible ways of supervising and controlling Private Detective activities. Regulation of Private Detective activities in order to protect human rights is impossible without the supervision of such activities. The regulation of supervision balances between the two objectives: striving to protect oneselves from possible law violations that can be done by Private Detectives and the desire not to make Private Detective activities unduly restricted and, thus, make them useful for the protection of human rights and legitimate interests. The evaluation of objectives of the introduction of licencing and the attainability of these objectives allows for concluding that the licencing of Private Detective activities does not fully achieve the goals of consumer protection or the quality of services provided. Even though licencing affects the quality of services in that it reduces the number of individuals who have an impact on inadequate quality of services, on the other hand it significantly restricts competition, which leads to price growth, thus fewer consumers are able to afford such services. Licencing aimed at the protection of consumers can ensure a minimum skill of individuals providing services in the market, but this alone does not ensure the protection of consumers. Moreover, the same objectives can be achieved by less stringent measures. The main subject carrying out supervision of Private Detective activities is a client of a Private Detective. However, the main problem is that under the market conditions the client controls the result, rather than the process itself, when specific Detective activities are carried out. Whereas in Detective activities, it is the process, i.e. techniques and methods, by which the client’s interests are met, that must be the key object of supervision and control. The author believes that it is expedient to consider the possibility of introducing additional measures in order to achieve more efficient supervision of Private Detective activities. It is suggested to use the method of annual reporting, when Private Detective activities are inspected over a calendar year. These reports usually must specify the types of Detective activities carried out, clients of these services, methods that were used in the provision of services. Global trends in the area of regulation of Private Detective activities show that the necessity of regulation of such activities arises following the evaluation of violations and the number of violations made by individuals in the profession. Therefore, the position of Lithuania and its desire to regulate Private Detective activities is appropriate and timely.
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guidelines for legal regulation of supervision of Private Detective activities in lithuania
Law review, 2015Co-Authors: Mindaugas BiliusAbstract:Issues of legal regulation of Private Detective activities in Lithuania raise several important questions ““ how certain standards necessary for the provision of Private Detective services will be established and ensured; and how will the supervision and control of such activities be carried out A Draft Law on Private Detective Activity registered in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania in 2012 raises doubts on the necessity of certain legal provisions provided for in this draft, i.e. is it expedient to licence Private Detective activities Since licencing is the most strict means of state intervention in the market, this article examines whether it is expedient to licence Private Detective activities, analyzes other possible ways of supervising and controlling Private Detective activities. Regulation of Private Detective activities in order to protect human rights is impossible without the supervision of such activities. The regulation of supervision balances between the two objectives: striving to protect oneselves from possible law violations that can be done by Private Detectives and the desire not to make Private Detective activities unduly restricted and, thus, make them useful for the protection of human rights and legitimate interests. The evaluation of objectives of the introduction of licencing and the attainability of these objectives allows for concluding that the licencing of Private Detective activities does not fully achieve the goals of consumer protection or the quality of services provided. Even though licencing affects the quality of services in that it reduces the number of individuals who have an impact on inadequate quality of services, on the other hand it significantly restricts competition, which leads to price growth, thus fewer consumers are able to afford such services. Licencing aimed at the protection of consumers can ensure a minimum skill of individuals providing services in the market, but this alone does not ensure the protection of consumers. Moreover, the same objectives can be achieved by less stringent measures. The main subject carrying out supervision of Private Detective activities is a client of a Private Detective. However, the main problem is that under the market conditions the client controls the result, rather than the process itself, when specific Detective activities are carried out. Whereas in Detective activities, it is the process, i.e. techniques and methods, by which the client“™s interests are met, that must be the key object of supervision and control. The author believes that it is expedient to consider the possibility of introducing additional measures in order to achieve more efficient supervision of Private Detective activities. It is suggested to use the method of annual reporting, when Private Detective activities are inspected over a calendar year. These reports usually must specify the types of Detective activities carried out, clients of these services, methods that were used in the provision of services. Global trends in the area of regulation of Private Detective activities show that the necessity of regulation of such activities arises following the evaluation of violations and the number of violations made by individuals in the profession. Therefore, the position of Lithuania and its desire to regulate Private Detective activities is appropriate and timely.
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privacių detektyvinių paslaugų naudojimo galimybės siekiant asmens teisių ir teisėtų interesų apsaugos the ability to use Private Detective services for the protection of a person s rights and lawful interests
2013Co-Authors: Mindaugas BiliusAbstract:Privatūs detektyvai Lietuvoje paslaugas siūlo daugiau kaip dvidesimt metų, taciau iki siol pavienių privacių detektyvų veiklą reguliuojancių teisės aktų priimta nėra. Siūlomos privacių detektyvų paslaugos pasižymi tuo, kad kliento prasymu yra renkama specifinio pobūdžio informacija, kurios gavimas, nors ir gali būti grindžiamas teisėtais ar asmens apsaugos tikslais, taciau kartu gali ir pažeisti žmogaus teises. Asmenims, pasivadinusiems privaciais detektyvais, nėra keliami jokie reikalavimai. Privataus detektyvo samprata teisiskai nėra aiski. Taip pat nėra aisku, kam ir kokiais tikslais gali būti naudojama surinkta informacija. Todėl siame straipsnyje bandoma pateikti privataus detektyvo sampratą, atskleisti jo teikiamų paslaugų specifiką, isanalizuoti, kokią grėsme privataus detektyvo veikla gali kelti žmogaus teisėms, bei įvertinti privataus detektyvo surinktų duomenų panaudojimo teisiniuose procesuose galimybes.The threats to society and to the property it owns, and the variety and expansion of such threats, has overwhelmed the public institutions charged with protecting the people and their assets. These institutions cannot react on time to these threats, as they do not have enough resources to do so. As a result, more and more people are applying to the Private security firms for help. Private Detectives are able to meet the public’s safety needs and they seek to fill that gap created by the inaction of public institutions by providing security services. Today in Lithuania, we can find Private persons or companies, which advertise Private Detective services, but it is worth noticing that there are no laws dealing with the Private Detective activity, the status of Private Detectives or peculiarities of their work in this country. Private Detective companies are acting as joint stock companies or sole proprietorships and Private Detective activity is among other the services which these companies are offering. Private Detective services mostly are investigative in nature, because some part of information they gather could be collected by spying on people or watching certain places. For that reason, there are reasonable doubts concerning its legality under Lithuanian law. Under Article 22 of the Lithuanian Constitution, information concerning the Private life of a person may be collected only upon a justified court decision and only according to the law. Private Detective activity should be regulated by the law, because it is possible to violate human rights when providing Private Detective services. When giving these services, the protection of consumer rights should be secured, by ensuring (for example) that Private Detectives have a minimum level of competence to do such activity.
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the right to privacy and Private Detective activities in lithuania
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 2012Co-Authors: Mindaugas BiliusAbstract:Private Detectives have been providing their services in Lithuania for about a decade; however, only now has the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania started to discuss whether it is expedient and necessary to regulate the activities of Private Detectives by means of a separate law. One of the goals of a separate legal regulation of Private Detective activities is the protection of human rights, particularly the right to privacy. This article examines the provisions of national and international legislative acts related to the Private life of a person, and assesses the opportunities of a Private Detective to provide Private Detective services without prejudice to the provisions of applicable legislative acts. The article concludes that a Private Detective is not an authorized (public) authority and there is no possibility to assess in each case whether the interests of a person using the services of Private Detectives are more important than those of other persons, which would allow for violating their rights to Private life. The limits of an individual’s right to privacy can only be narrowed by a particular person, giving consent to making public the details of his/her Private life. It is the only opportunity for a Private Detective to gather information related to the Private life of a citizen. Currently applicable legislative acts in Lithuania do not provide for opportunities for Private subjects to collect personal data without that person’s consent. This right is granted only to public authorities and with the court’s permission.
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privacios detektyvinės veiklos priežiūros teisinio reguliavimo gairės lietuvoje guidelines for legal regulation of supervision of Private Detective activities in lithuania
2012Co-Authors: Mindaugas BiliusAbstract:Privacios detektyvinės veiklos teisinio reguliavimo tema Lietuvoje iskelia kelis svarbius klausimus – kaip bus nustatomi ir užtikrinami tam tikri standartai, būtini teikiant privacias detektyvines paslaugas, bei kokiu būdu bus vykdoma tokios veiklos priežiūra ir kontrolė. Lietuvos Respublikos Seime 2012 metais užregistruotas privacios detektyvinės veikos įstatymo projektas iskelia abejonių dėl tam tikrų siame projekte numatytų teisinių nuostatų būtinumo, t. y. ar tikslinga licencijuoti privacią detektyvine veiklą. Kadangi licencijavimas laikytinas griežciausia valstybės intervencijos į rinką priemone, siame straipsnyje analizuojama, ar tikslinga licencijuoti privacią detektyvine veiklą, vertinami kiti galimi būdai, siekiant veiksmingos privacios detektyvinės veiklos priežiūros ir kontrolės. Issues of legal regulation of Private Detective activities in Lithuania raise several important questions – how certain standards necessary for the provision of Private Detective services will be established and ensured; and how will the supervision and control of such activities be carried out? A Draft Law on Private Detective Activity registered in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania in 2012 raises doubts on the necessity of certain legal provisions provided for in this draft, i.e. is it expedient to license Private Detective activities? Since licensing is the most strict means of state intervention in the market, this article examines whether it is expedient to license Private Detective activities, analyzes other possible ways of supervising and controlling Private Detective activities. Regulation of Private Detective activities in order to protect human rights is impossible without the supervision of such activities. The regulation of supervision balances between the two objectives: striving to protect oneselves from possible law violations that can be done by Private Detectives and the desire not to make Private Detective activities unduly restricted and, thus, make them useful for the protection of human rights and legitimate interests.
W. John Williamson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Case of the Disappearing/Appearing Slow Learner: An Interpretive Mystery. Part Five: Time to Kill Time
2016Co-Authors: W. John WilliamsonAbstract:These concluding chapters follow the events described in the previous four parts of this narrative. Max Hunter, a Private Detective remains on the trail of “slow learners,” a category of students his client, educator John Williamson, claims are continually getting “lost” in Alberta’s school system. As this section begins Hunter and Williamson are in a bowling alley where they hope to remain undetected as they investigate recent reforms to Alberta’s special education system. At the conclusion of Part Four the Detective and client read a terse statement on Alberta education’s website declaring that Action on Inclusion , the ambitious reform project “no longer exists.” These chapters examine the termination of this project, other recent educational reforms in the province and their impact on students labelled as slow learners, additional bureaucratic discourses that are toxic to slow learners and diversity in general, and a fleeting glimpse of hope involving how “slow” might be more generously reclaimed from its current deficit-based discursive usages.
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The Case of the Disappearing/Appearing Slow Learner: An Interpretive Mystery. Part Four: Quaint Notions of Justice
2016Co-Authors: W. John WilliamsonAbstract:These chapters follow the events described in Parts One to Three of this narrative. Max Hunter, a Private Detective, is still on the trail of “slow learners,” a category of students his client, educator John Williamson, claims are continually getting “lost” in Alberta’s school system. Max encounters philosophers, fellow educators, and even students labeled as slow learners, all of whom have suggestions for finding these students in ways that attend to them as learners while resisting the rigidity of their labelling. He also encounters an agent of a sinister operation who works to ensure that slow learners stay lost, and who intends to make Max disappear too.
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The Case of the Disappearing/Appearing Slow Learner: An Interpretive Mystery. Part Three: All Hell Could Break Loose
2016Co-Authors: W. John WilliamsonAbstract:This follows the events described in Parts One and Two of this narrative. Max Hunter, a West Coast Private Detective, still conducting an investigation to find the educational category of slow learners, explores portrayals of slow learners in popular media, learns more about his client, John Williamson, and investigates the history of slow learner as an educational label, and the history of programming for slow learners in the province of Alberta. The case grows more dangerous with each clue Max unearths.
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The Case of the Disappearing/Appearing Slow Learner: An Interpretive Mystery. Part Two: Cells of Categorical Confinement
2016Co-Authors: W. John WilliamsonAbstract:This follows the events described in Part One of this narrative. Max Hunter, a West Coast Private Detective, still conducting an investigation to find the educational category of slow learners at the behest of his client John Williamson, meets his client to discuss the next steps in the investigation. Max engages in some incognito Detective work in educational settings and then encounters an injurious interruption to his casework. He then resumes his work, now as a wounded operative, by investigating the history of disability categorization with the help of two prominent critical theorists.
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The Case of the Disappearing/Appearing Slow Learner: An Interpretive Mystery. Part One: A Strange and Earnest Client
2016Co-Authors: W. John WilliamsonAbstract:Max Hunter, a West Coast Private Detective, receives a call from John Williamson, a special education teacher / coordinator requesting his help to find the educational category of slow learners. He journeys to Calgary and visits Williamson in his school. After some discussion Max agrees to take the case. Max meets an informant with a surprising connection to the case, and finds some key clues, as well as peril, during a visit to the public library.
Sedin Lakaca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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historijski razvoj privatnog detektivstva u bih i neki specificni poslovi koje obavljaju danas historical development of Private Detective activities in bosnia and herzegovina and some of the specific jobs Private Detective do nowadays
Zbornik sažetaka, 2015Co-Authors: Sedin LakacaAbstract:Privatno detektivstvo u BiH je samo po sebi specificno obzirom da u jednom dijelu države postoji vec nekoliko godina, dok u drugom dijelu ne postoji u zakonodavnom smislu. Kada ovo kažemo prvenstveno mislimo na konstituciju države sacinjene od F BiH, RS i Distrikta Brcko, u kojoj jedni zakoni postoje i egzistiraju izvjestan period dok u drugom ne postoje. Takav slucaj je sa privatnim detektivstvom koji ne postoji u Federaciji BiH. Za cilj imamo predstaviti neke historijske cinjenice koje upucju da je privatno detektivstvo na neki nacin postojalo i na podrucju Bosne, a o cemu svjedoce i neki pisani dokumenti s ovih prostora. Takvi pisani dokumenti opisuju samu djelatnost i nacine na koji su ti poslovi obavljani u tom vremenu. Osim toga cilj nam je da predstavimo i neke poslove danasnjice koji su izazov u svakom smislu rijeci narocito kada je u pitanju sigurnosni segment. Jedan od takvih poslova je "Cyber criminal" koji je predmet interesovanja velikog broja sigurnosnih agencija, a između ostalog i privatnih detektiva. Za potrebe ovog clanka proveli smo istraživanje kojim je obuhvaceno podrucje Federacije, gdje smo tom prilikom anketirali vise skupina ispitanika od kojih prvenstveno policijske službenike razlicitih cinova, građane, advokate, studente kriminalistike, prava i dr. Nakon provedenog istraživanja uocavamo da postoji velika zainteresovanost za privatnim detektivstvom kao i za poslovima koji su u njihovoj nadležnosti. Prezentiranjem rezultata predocit cemo stvarno stanje o samoj spoznaji i afirmiranju poslova privatnih detektiva.. --------------------------- Private Detective activities in BiH itself are specific, taking into account that in one part of the country they exist for couple of years, while in other part of the country they do not exist in legislative meaning. Speaking of this, we think at state constitution consisting of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, RS and Brcko District, in the state in which some laws already exist for a certain time period while in other part of the country they do not exist. This is the case with Private Detective activities that do not exist in Federation of Bosnia nad Herzegovina. Our aim is to present some of the historical facts which show that Private Detective activities existed in some form in Bosnia, confirmed by some of the written documents from this area. Such witten documents describe activity itself and form in which these jobs were performed in that time. Besides that, our aim is to present some of the today's jobs which are challenge in every sense especially when we talk about security part. One of such jobs is "Cyber criminal" that is a subject of interest of numerous security agencies, as well as Private Detectives. For the purpose of this article, we have conducted a survey in the Federation where we surveyed a number of respondents, primarily police officers of different ranks, citizens, lawyers, students of criminology, studenst of law, etc. After conducted survey we have noticed that there is a great interest for Private Detective activities as well as for the jobs that are under their jurisdiction. By presenting the results we will show the real state of the perception and afirmation of Private Detective jobs.
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POSLOVI PRIVATNIH DETEKTIVA U URBANIM SRE DINAMA / THE ROLE OF Private SECURITY BUSINESS IN URBAN SECURITY
2015Co-Authors: Sedin LakacaAbstract:Kada govorimo o privatnoj detektivskoj djelatnosti moramo naglasiti da je vrlo malo autora elaboriralo ovu tematiku. Problematika koja se odnosi na ovu djelatnost u BiH zapravo predstavlja potrebu za znacajnijom institualizacijom i zakonskim uredbama konkretno na podrucju FBiH. Ova djelatnost u zemljama sirom svijeta egzistira dugi niz godina, dok na nasem podrucju egzistira relativno kratko, a u Federaciji BiH nikada nije ni postojala. Poslovi privatnih detektiva su razliciti i postali su velika potreba ljudima u savremenom svijetu. Kao i svaki drugi poslovi, a u ovom slucaju i privatni detektivski poslovi obrađeni su i predviđeni zakonom. Izuzetak u ovom slucaju jeste bosanskohercegovacka zbilja koja po svojoj karakteristicnoj podjeli na Federaciju, RS i Brcko Distrikt, ima pojavu da jedni zakoni, konkretno privatna detektivska djelatnost, postoje u RS-u i Distriktu, dok u Federaciji ne postoji ili su samo u formi prednacrta zakona. Na osnovu prethodno iznesenog, primarni cilj ovog rada jeste ukazivanje na navedenu problematiku i moguce poslove koje obavljaju i trebaju obavljati privatni detektivi u odnosu na urbaane centre u kojima su ti poslovi svakodnevnica. Za potrebe ovog rada provedeno je istraživanje na nivou Federacije gdje smo anketirali vecu skupinu respodenata iz razlicitih podrucja poslova koje obavljaju. Također, za potrebe ovog rada izvrsili smo korelacije odnosa poslova koje obavljaju respodenti i njihove skolske spreme. Nakon provedenog istraživanja namecu se obaveze da se sto prije usvoje zakonske odredbe na Federalnom nivou i usvoji siroka lepeza poslova koje trebaju obavljati privatni detektivi, a samim tim i da se pruži veca individualna zastita građanima BiH, a posebno građanima Federacije BiH obzirom da zakon o privatnim detektivima ovdje ne postoji. -------------------------------- When we talk about Private Detective activities, we have to admit that very few authors elaborated about this topic. This is a problem actually relating to BiH. Therefore, a need for substancial Institutionalization and the establishment of a legal regulation specifically in this territory of Federation of BiH. This activity in countries, for so many years exist all over the world, while in BiH exists relatively short, and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina never existed at all. The establishment of this Private Detective job are different and have become a great need for people in this modern world. Like any other jobs, the Private Detective job is also processed and provided by law. The exceptional characteristics in the case Bosnianherzegovinian territory, is the division of the Federation, Republika Srpska and Brcko District. The Republika Srpska and Brcko District have establishment of Private Detective law, while in the Federation of BiH has not or is only in the form of pre-draft law with is not implemented. Based on the above, the primary objective of this paper is to point out this issue and relate possible the tasks they perform which are carried out by Private Detectives in relation to urban centers where these jobs exist everyday. For the purposes of this paper we conducted a survey in the Federation where we surveyed a larger group of respondents from different areas of their activities specifically on their field of study and work. Also, for the purposes of this study, we performed a correlation relation study based on the activities of the respondents and their educational achievement. After the research we suggest and oblige that, this law or legislation should be immediately adopted at the Federational level and also to substain a wide range of tasks that need toestablish the Private Detectives and thus provide greater individual protection to citizens and especially, the citizens of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina since, the law on Private Detectives are enforced.
Ganiyat Nassyrov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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у вахтерши бабы дуси больше прав чем у частного детектива казахстана the woman concierge dusya has more rights than Private Detective kazakhstan
2015Co-Authors: Ganiyat NassyrovAbstract:Russian Abstract: В случае принятия законопроекта, разработанного по инициативе депутатов, мало отличающегося от аналогичных законов стран дальнего и ближнего зарубежья, все эти проблемы, связанные с розыском должников, алиментщиков, без вести пропавших, утраченного имущества и т.д., разрешились бы намного эффективнее. У граждан появилась бы возможность, минуя государственные органы, получать правовую защиту от негосударственных структур. Это позволило бы без дополнительных государственных вложений расширить возможности оказания правовой помощи гражданам. Самое главное, государственные органы получали бы определенную разгрузку и возможность сосредоточить свои усилия на наиболее важных направлениях. English Abstract: In the case of the bill, developed at the initiative of deputies, a little different from similar laws in countries near and far abroad, all these problems with tracing debtors, alimony, missing, lost property, etc., would be solved more efficiently. The citizens it would be possible, bypassing the state authorities, to receive legal protection against non-state actors. This would allow without additional public investment to expand the possibility of providing legal assistance to citizens. Most importantly, the public authorities have received specific discharge and the ability to focus on the most important directions.
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public interest in the Private Detective
2011Co-Authors: Ganiyat NassyrovAbstract:With the adoption of Presidential Decree "On measures to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement and the judicial system in the Republic of Kazakhstan" actualized the introduction of the institution of Private Detectives. It is no secret that, in developed countries, their services are in high demand. Private Detective agencies assist the police in combating crime, and the government encourages this activity by providing extensive and legal right. Private investigation is widespread in the U.S., UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, France, Japan and other countries. There's a Private Detective -- the same as a common thing as a personal lawyer or a doctor. For example, in the United States citizen can hire a "Detective, Private traders" for the investigation of any case. In this case, he is entitled to receive an explanation from the victims of crime, witnesses, discovery of documents, collection of objects that can be used as material evidence.
Nicole Décuré - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From Chicago to Hollywood: the Metamorphosis of V.I. Warshawski
2004Co-Authors: Nicole DécuréAbstract:The passage from novel to film is often a difficult one. When it comes to feminist fiction, the problem becomes acute because the ideology of Hollywood combined with that of a male director find it hard to accommodate such a vision. Taking as an example Sara Paretsky’s crime fiction series, with its Private Detective heroine V.I. Warshawski, and Jeff Kanew’s adaptation for the Disney studios, the article attempts to show how the subversive elements of the novels are weakened in the film and the unconventional heroine finds herself in the eternal roles of seductress and mother, which she is not in the fiction. The body becomes object (for the male gazer), the woman is minimized in her enterprises through ridicule or cheap, sometimes gross, comedy. Fortunately, the film turned out to be a commercial failure.