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Martin Beer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Misinterpretation of Schmallenberg Virus sequence variations: the sample material makes the difference
Virus Genes, 2019Co-Authors: Kerstin Wernike, Martin BeerAbstract:In recent reports about the molecular epidemiology of Schmallenberg Virus (SBV), an orthobunyaVirus affecting ruminants, it was proposed that the observed sequence variability within the viral M-segment might be higher in sheep than in cattle. However, these analyses are highly biased by the sample material from which the publicly available sequences were generated. While from cattle predominantly blood samples from acutely infected animals were studied, the vast majority of ovine samples originate from malformed fetuses or newborn lambs. Therefore, the observed sequence variability is misinterpreted since the samples from malformed fetuses and lambs do not reflect circulating SBV.
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Sequence analysis of Schmallenberg Virus genomes detected in Hungary.
Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica, 2017Co-Authors: Enikő Fehér, Kerstin Wernike, Martin Beer, Szilvia Marton, Ádám György Tóth, Krisztina Ursu, Ádám Dán, Krisztián BányaiAbstract:Since its emergence near the German–Dutch border in 2011, Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) has been identified in many European countries. In this study, we determined the complete coding sequence of seven Hungarian SBV genomes to expand our knowledge about the genetic diversity of circulating field strains. The samples originated from the first case, an aborted cattle fetus without malformation collected in 2012, and from the blood samples of six adult cattle in 2014. The Hungarian SBV sequences shared ≥99.3% nucleotide (nt) and ≥97.8% amino acid (aa) identity with each other, and ≥98.9 nt and ≥96.7% aa identity with reference strains. Although phylogenetic analyses showed low resolution in general, the M sequences of cattle and sheep origin SBV strains seemed to cluster on different branches. Both common and unique mutation sites were observed in different groups of sequences that might help understanding the evolution of emerging SBV strains.
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Stability of Schmallenberg Virus during long-term storage
Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 2016Co-Authors: Kerstin Wernike, Martin BeerAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus (SBV), a novel insect-transmitted orthobunyaVirus that infects ruminants, caused a large epidemic in European livestock since its emergence in 2011. For the in vitro characterization of this hitherto unknown Virus as well as for antibody detection tests like indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization test infectious Virus is necessary. To determine the most suitable storage temperature, culture-grown SBV was kept at 37°C, 28°C, 4°C, –20°C and –70°C for up to one year. A storage at 37°C led to a complete loss of infectivity within days and at 28°C within a few weeks. When stored at 4°C the infectious titer decreased dependent on the starting quantity, whereas the viral titer was almost constant for a month at –20°C and remained constant for the study period when stored at –70°C. Consequently, SBV should be kept at –70°C, if retention of infectivity is required.
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Schmallenberg Virus infection.
Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2015Co-Authors: Kerstin Wernike, A. Elbers, Martin BeerAbstract:Since Schmallenberg Virus, an orthobunyaVirus of the Simbu serogroup, was identified near the German-Dutch border for the first time in late 2011 it has spread extremely quickly and caused a large epidemic in European livestock. The Virus, which is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges, infects domestic and wild ruminants. Adult animals show only mild clinical symptoms or none at all, whereas an infection during a critical period of gestation can lead to abortion, stillbirth or the birth of severely malformed offspring. The impact of the disease is usually greater in sheep than in cattle. Vaccination could be an important aspect of disease control.
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Schmallenberg Virus Recurrence, Germany, 2014.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Kerstin Wernike, Franz Josef Conraths, Bernd Hoffmann, Martin BeerAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) emerged in Germany in 2011, spread rapidly across Europe, and almost disappeared in 2013. However, since late summer 2014, new cases have occurred in adult cattle. Full-genome analysis revealed some amino acid substitution differences from the first SBV sample. Viremia developed in experimentally infected sheep and cattle for 4–6 days.
Daniel Desmecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Intrauterine Infection with Schmallenberg Virus in Malformed Newborn Calves
Emerging infectious diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Calixte Bayrou, Mutienmarie Garigliany, Dominique Cassart, Michaël Sarlet, Arnaud Sartelet, Daniel DesmechtAbstract:We surveyed morphologic alterations in calves in Belgium that were naturally infected in utero by Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) and born with deformities during January–March 2012. SBV-specific RNA was distributed unevenly in different tissues. Natural intrauterine SBV infection of calves might cause serious damage to the central nervous system and muscles.
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No serologic evidence for emerging Schmallenberg Virus infection in dogs (Canis domesticus).
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont N.Y.), 2013Co-Authors: Mutienmarie Garigliany, Calixte Bayrou, Daniel Desmecht, Dominique PeetersAbstract:Abstract Schmallenberg Virus, a novel orthobunyaVirus, is spreading among ruminants, especially sheep and cattle, throughout Europe. To determine the risk for domestic dog infection, we conducted a survey among cases referred to the university Companion Animal Clinic to assess possible seroconversion. No evidence of transmission to dogs was detected.
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Schmallenberg Virus circulation in Belgium in 2012
The Veterinary record, 2013Co-Authors: Calixte Bayrou, Mutienmarie Garigliany, Dominique Cassart, Sandra Jolly, Daniel DesmechtAbstract:IN Belgium, the end of 2011 and beginning of 2012 were characterised by numerous reports of births at term of calves with neurological signs or malformations of the head, spine or limbs that were subsequently assigned to the emerging Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) (Garigliany and others 2012a). Further, the large-scale cross-sectional serological surveys conducted in cattle during spring 2012 concluded that almost all Belgian cattle had already been in contact with the Virus (Garigliany and others 2012b, Meroc and others 2013). As the immunity raised by the cow against close phylogenetic …
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Schmallenberg Virus in domestic cattle belgium 2012
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Mutienmarie Garigliany, Calixte Bayrou, Deborah Kleijnen, Dominique Cassart, Daniel DesmechtAbstract:To determine prevalence of antibodies against Schmallenberg Virus in adult cows and proportion of infection transmitted to fetuses, we tested serum samples from 519 cow/calf pairs in Belgium in spring 2012. Of cattle within 250 km of location where the Virus emerged, ≈91% tested positive for IgG targeting nucleoprotein. Risk for fetal infection was ≈28%.
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Schmallenberg Virus: a new Shamonda/Sathuperi-like Virus on the rise in Europe
Antiviral research, 2012Co-Authors: Mutienmarie Garigliany, Calixte Bayrou, Deborah Kleijnen, Dominique Cassart, Sandra Jolly, Annick Linden, Daniel DesmechtAbstract:In the summer-fall of 2011, a nonspecific febrile syndrome characterized by hyperthermia, drop in milk production and watery diarrhea was reported in adult dairy cows from a series of farms located in North-West Europe. Further, in November 2011, an enzootic outbreak of abortion, stillbirth and birth at term of lambs, kids and calves with neurologic signs and/or head, spine or limb malformations emerged throughout several European countries. Both syndromes were associated with the presence in the blood (adults) or in the central nervous system (newborns) of the genome of a new Shamonda-Sathuperi reassortant orthobunyaVirus provisionally named Schmallenberg Virus after the place where the first positive samples were collected. The clinical, pathological, virological and epidemiological facts that were made publicly available during the first 6 months after the emergence are presented here. Current knowledge of the epidemiology of the phylogenetically closest relatives of the newcomer (Shamonda, Sathuperi, Aino and Akabane Viruses) is not exhaustive enough to predict whether the current outbreak of Schmallenberg Virus is the prelude to endemicity or to a 2 years long outbreak before the infection burns out when serologically naive animals are no longer available. In the future, cyclic epizootic reemergences are a possibility too, either synchronized with a global decrease of herd immunity or due to antigenic variants escaping the immunity acquired against their predecessors. The latter hypothesis seems unlikely because of the wide array of biologic constraints acting on the genome of Viruses whose life cycle requires transmission by a vector, which represses genetic drift. The remarkable stability of the Shamonda Virus genome over the last forty years is reassuring in this regard.
Emmanuel Bréard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Schmallenberg Virus in Zoo Ruminants, France and the Netherlands.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Eve Laloy, Cindy Braud, Emmanuel Bréard, Jacques Kaandorp, Aude Bourgeois, Muriel Kohl, Gilles Meyer, Corinne Sailleau, Cyril Viarouge, Stéphan ZientaraAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus in zoo ruminants, France and the Netherland
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Schmallenberg Virus: experimental infection in goats and bucks
BMC Veterinary Research, 2015Co-Authors: Eve Laloy, Emmanuel Bréard, Mickaël Riou, Céline Barc, Guillaume Belbis, Sylvain Breton, Nathalie Cordonnier, Didier Crochet, Rémi Delaunay, Joel MoreauAbstract:Background Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) is an emerging OrthobunyaVirus of ruminant livestock species currently circulating in Europe. SBV causes a subclinical or mild disease in adult animals but vertical transmission to pregnant dams may lead to severe malformations in the offspring. Data on the onset of clinical signs, viremia and seroconversion in experimentally infected adult animals are available for cattle and sheep but are still lacking for goats. For a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SBV infection in adult ruminants, we carried out experimental infections in adult goats. Our specific objectives were: (i) to record clinical signs, viremia and seroconversion; (ii) to monitor viral excretion in the semen of infected bucks; (iii) to determine in which tissues SBV replication took place and Virus-induced lesions developed.
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Schmallenberg Virus infection among red deer, France, 2010-2012.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Eve Laloy, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Cyril Viarouge, Stéphan Zientara, Alexandra Desprat, François Klein, Jean Hars, Sophie RossiAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus infection is emerging in European domestic and wild ruminants. We investigated the serologic status of 9 red deer populations to describe Virus spread from September 2010 through March 2012 among wildlife in France. Deer in 7 populations exhibited seropositivity, with an average seroprevalence of 20%.
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Schmallenberg Virus Infection among Red Deer, France, 2010–2012
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Eve Laloy, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Cyril Viarouge, Stéphan Zientara, Alexandra Desprat, François Klein, Jean Hars, Sophie RossiAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus infection is emerging in European domestic and wild ruminants. We investigated the serologic status of 9 red deer populations to describe Virus spread from September 2010 through March 2012 among wildlife in France. Deer in 7 populations exhibited seropositivity, with an average seroprevalence of 20%.
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Evidence of excretion of Schmallenberg Virus in bull semen
Veterinary Research, 2014Co-Authors: Claire Ponsart, Martin Beer, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Cyril Viarouge, Julie Gouzil, Nathalie Pozzi, Virginie Catinot, Guillaume Viard, Stéphan ZientaraAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) is a novel orthobunyaVirus, discovered in Germany in late 2011. It mainly infects cattle, sheep and goats and could lead to congenital infection, causing abortion and fetal abnormalities. SBV is transmitted by biting midges from the Culicoides genus and there is no evidence that natural infection occurs directly between ruminants. Here, we could detect SBV RNA in infected bull semen using qRT-PCR (three bulls out of seven tested positive; 29 positive semen batches out of 136). We also found that highly positive semen batches from SBV infected bulls can provoke an acute infection in IFNARâ/â mice, suggesting the potential presence of infectious Virus in the semen of SBV infected bulls.
Stéphan Zientara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Detection of Schmallenberg Virus in France since 2012.
The Veterinary record, 2017Co-Authors: Kristel Gache, Stéphan Zientara, Anne Touratier, Laure Bournez, Anne Bronner, Françoise Dion, Emmanuel Garin, Didier CalavasAbstract:IN a case report published in September 2016, Bayrou and colleagues described a Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) genomic RNA-positive malformed calf born in May 2016 in Belgium as the first outbreak reported in three years. This did not come as a surprise, since SBV circulation has been reported in several EU countries with a low prevalence since 2013 after the large circulation of the Virus in 2011 and 2012. In France SBV has …
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Schmallenberg Virus in Zoo Ruminants, France and the Netherlands.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Eve Laloy, Cindy Braud, Emmanuel Bréard, Jacques Kaandorp, Aude Bourgeois, Muriel Kohl, Gilles Meyer, Corinne Sailleau, Cyril Viarouge, Stéphan ZientaraAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus in zoo ruminants, France and the Netherland
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Schmallenberg Virus
2015Co-Authors: Virginie Doceul, Julie Gouzil, Damien Vitour, Stéphan ZientaraAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) emerged in Northern Europe during summer 2011 and then caused a large epidemic in Europe. It is a negative‐sense single‐stranded RNA Virus belonging to the Bunyaviridae family and the OrthobunyaVirus genus. SBV affects predominantly domestic and wild ruminants and is transmitted by multiple species of Culicoides biting midges. SBV infection is mainly asymptomatic in adult cattle, sheep and goats but can cause congenital malformations, stillbirths and premature births when infection of the dam occurs at a critical period of gestation. In response to the emergence of SBV, molecular and serological tests have been generated rapidly to diagnose and monitor the disease and a number of inactivated vaccines have been developed.
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Schmallenberg Virus infection among red deer, France, 2010-2012.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Eve Laloy, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Cyril Viarouge, Stéphan Zientara, Alexandra Desprat, François Klein, Jean Hars, Sophie RossiAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus infection is emerging in European domestic and wild ruminants. We investigated the serologic status of 9 red deer populations to describe Virus spread from September 2010 through March 2012 among wildlife in France. Deer in 7 populations exhibited seropositivity, with an average seroprevalence of 20%.
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Schmallenberg Virus Infection among Red Deer, France, 2010–2012
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Eve Laloy, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Cyril Viarouge, Stéphan Zientara, Alexandra Desprat, François Klein, Jean Hars, Sophie RossiAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus infection is emerging in European domestic and wild ruminants. We investigated the serologic status of 9 red deer populations to describe Virus spread from September 2010 through March 2012 among wildlife in France. Deer in 7 populations exhibited seropositivity, with an average seroprevalence of 20%.
N De Regge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Resurgence of Schmallenberg Virus in Belgium after 3 Years of Epidemiological Silence.
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2016Co-Authors: L Delooz, N De Regge, Christian Quinet, Claude Saegerman, T. Petitjean, Brigitte CayAbstract:Summary In spring 2016, three years after the last reported outbreak of Schmallenberg Virus (SBV) in Belgium, an abortion was notified in a two year old Holstein heifer that previously had not been vaccinated against SBV. The autopsy of the eight-month-old malformed foetus revealed hydrocephalus, torticollis and arthrogryposis. Foetal brain tissue and blood were found to be SBV-positive by RT-PCR and ELISA tests, respectively. Evidencing the circulation of SBV in Belgium in the autumn 2015 is important to anticipate future outbreaks and advise veterinarians about the risks associated with calving, as more bovine foetuses might have been infected.
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large scale cross sectional serological survey of Schmallenberg Virus in belgian cattle at the end of the first vector season
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: E Meroc, Antoine Poskin, H Van Loo, Christian Quinet, E Van Driessche, L Delooz, Isabelle Behaeghel, F Riocreux, J Hooyberghs, N De ReggeAbstract:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Belgian cattle population after the first period of infection of the emerging Schmallenberg Virus. A total number of 11635 cattle from 422 herds sampled between 2 January and 7 March 2012 were tested for the presence of Schmallenberg-specific antibodies using an ELISA kit. Between-herd seroprevalence in cattle was estimated at 99.76% (95% CI: 98.3499.97) and within-herd seroprevalence at 86.3% (95% CI: 84.7587.71). An Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.3 (P<0.001) was found, indicating that the correlation between two animals within a herd with respect to their serological status was high. Those results corroborate the conclusion that the Schmallenberg Virus was widespread in Belgium during winter 2011. Seroprevalence was shown to be statistically associated to the animal's age (P<0.0001): with 64.9% (95% CI: 61.3468.3) estimated for the 612months of age, 86.79% (95% CI: 84.4388.85) for the 1224months of age and 94.4% (95% CI: 93.1495.44) for the animals older than 24months. Based on the results of the described serological survey, we can conclude that after the first Schmallenberg Virus episode, almost every Belgian cattle has already been in contact with the Virus. In consequence, the vast majority of the host animals should have developed post infection protective immunity against the Virus.
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detection of Schmallenberg Virus in different culicoides spp by real time rt pcr
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: N De Regge, I Deblauwe, R De Deken, P Vantieghem, Maxime Madder, D Geysen, Francois Smeets, Bertrand Losson, T Van Den BergAbstract:Summary To identify possible vectors of Schmallenberg Virus (SBV), we tested pools containing heads of biting midges (Culicoides) that were caught during the summer and early autumn of 2011 at several places in Belgium by real-time RT-PCR. Pools of heads originating from following species: C. obsoletus complex, C. dewulfi and C. chiopterus were found positive, strongly indicating that these species are relevant vectors for SBV.
