The Experts below are selected from a list of 618 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Silvana Lima Gorniak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effects of Senna occidentalis on chick bursa of Fabricius
Avian Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Tereza Cristina Da Silva, Sílvia Catarina Salgado Oloris, Silvana Lima Gorniak, P C Raspantini, Mitsue Haraguchi, Maria Lúcia Zaidan DagliAbstract:Senna occidentalis (L) Link (formerly called Cassia occidentalis) is a toxic leguminous plant found ubiquitously as a contaminant of crops. All parts of the plant are toxic, but most of the S. occidentalis toxicity is found in the seeds. S. occidentalis has been shown to be toxic to several animal species, causing degenerative lesions mainly in muscles. This is the first report describing alterations in chick lymphoid organs caused by S. occidentalis seeds. The objectives of this study were to describe the effects of the treatment with seeds and its fraction external tegument (TE) on the development of chicks and their lymphoid organs bursa of Fabricius and spleen. Chicks that received a commercial ration with 1% TE had reduced body and lymphoid organ weights. The bursa of Fabricius presented reduction in the diameters of the follicles, and in the thickness of the cortical and medullary regions. The spleen presented depleted lymphoid tissue in the white pulp. These results indicate that the active princip...
-
effects of long term administration of Senna occidentalis seeds on the hematopoietic tissue of rats
Toxicon, 2015Co-Authors: A V F F Teles, R A Fock, Silvana Lima GorniakAbstract:Abstract Senna occidentalis ( S. occidentalis ) is a toxic leguminous plant that contaminates crops and has been shown to be toxic to several animal species. All parts of the plant are toxic, but most of the plant's toxicity is due to its seeds. Despite its toxicity, S. occidentalis is widely used for therapeutic purposes in humans. The aim of the present work was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of the chronic administration of S. occidentalis seeds on hematopoietic organs, including the bone marrow and spleen. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 10 animals. Rats were treated with diets containing 0% (control), 0.5% (So0.5), 1% (So1), or 2% (So2) S. occidentalis seeds for a period of 90 days. Food and water were provided ad libitum , except to pair-fed (PF) group which received the same amount of ration to those of So2 group, however free of S. occidentalis seeds. It was verified that rats treated with 2% S. occidentalis seeds presented changes in hematological parameters. The blood evaluation also showed a significant decrease of the Myeloid/Erythroid (M/E) ratio. Chronic treatment with S. occidentalis promoted a reduction in the cellularity of both the bone marrow and spleen. Additionally, we observed changes in bone marrow smears, iron stores and spleen hemosiderin accumulation. Histological analyses of bone marrow revealed erythroid hyperplasia which was consistent with the increased reticulocyte count. These findings suggest that the long-term administration of S. occidentalis seeds can promote blood toxicity.
-
efeitos cronicos da administracao de sementes de Senna occidentalis sobre o tecido hematopoietico de ratos
Revista de Educação Continuada em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia do CRMV-SP, 2015Co-Authors: A V F F Teles, Silvana Lima GorniakAbstract:Introducao: durante o desenvolvimento de um agente terapeutico um aspecto importante e avaliacao da sua toxicidade para a medula ossea e se a mesma e especifica para uma ou mais de suas linhagens celulares. Devido a grande capacidade proliferativa do tecido hematopoietico, as celulas da medula ossea podem ser alvos da acao toxica de varias substâncias, incluindo produtos a base de plantas. A Senna occidentalis (S. occidentalis) e uma planta leguminosa toxica para varias especies de animais e ocasiona lesoes degenerativas, principalmente, nos musculos. Este e o primeiro relato que descreve alteracoes no tecido hematopoietico de ratos causados por sementes de S. occidentalis. O presente trabalho investigou os efeitos do uso cronico de S. occidentalis sobre orgaos hematopoieticos. Materiais e metodos: quarenta ratos Wistar machos com 60 dias de idade foram utilizados e divididos em grupos: 1 (controle), 2 (0,5%), 3 (1%) e 4 (2%). Foram estudados os efeitos de 0,5%, 1,0% e 2,0% de sementes de S. occidentalis misturadas com racao comercial. Os ratos nos grupos experimentais receberam, diariamente, durante um periodo de 90 dias, dietas contendo 0,5%, 1%, e 2% de S. occidentalis. Os ratos do grupo controle receberam racao sem adicao de sementes da planta durante todo o periodo experimental. Ao termino deste periodo, os animais foram eutanasiados com uma solucao de cetamina (50 mg / kg) e xilazina (5 mg / kg). Apos o aprofundamento anestesico e a eutanasia dos animais, foi coletada a medula ossea para a determinacao da celularidade e mielograma. Foi realizado, tambem, o estudo anatomopatologico do timo e baco destes animais. Resultados e conclusoes: a hematotoxicidade pode ser manifestada por alteracoes no numero de celulas maduras no sangue ou medula ossea. Este estudo mostrou que os ratos do grupo 4 apresentaram uma diminuicao significativa (p <0,05) no numero de leucocitos totais (4,57x109/L) em comparacao ao grupo controle (6,59x109/L). Alem disso, houve reducao nos valores de hemoglobina (de 17,21g/dL para 15,98 g/dL) bem como da razao Mieloide/Eritroide (M/E) (de 3,20 para 2,80). A reducao significativa na razao M/E nos animais pertencentes a diferentes grupos experimentais ocorreu devido ao aumento de eritroblastos policromaticos na medula ossea dos animais. O tratamento cronico durante 90 dias com S. occidentalis na dieta tambem promoveu uma reducao significativa na celularidade do baco (3,80x106 para 2,32x106 celulas) e alteracoes histopatologicas neste orgao. Com base nos dados apresentados, foi constatado que o tratamento cronico por 90 dias com S. occidentalis na dieta provocou a hematotoxicidade.
-
intoxication by Senna occidentalis seeds in pregnant goats prenatal and postnatal evaluation
Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 2011Co-Authors: Marcos Barbosaferreira, Paulo Cesar Maiorka, James A Pfister, Andre Tadeu Gotardo, Silvana Lima GorniakAbstract:Senna occidentalis is a weed toxic to different animal species. Very little is known about the effects of prolonged exposure to low doses of S. occidentalis on developmental toxicology. Thus, the present study proposes an approach to evaluate the perinatal toxicity of S. occidentalis seeds in goats. Twenty-one pregnant goats were fed rations containing 0% (control), 1% (So1 group), 2% (So2 group) and 4% (So4 group) mature S. occidentalis seeds from pregnancy detection on day 27 after mating until parturition; weight gains and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated using ultrasonographic measurements; neonates were evaluated by body morphometry, weight gains, and serum biochemistry. Fetal resorption occurred in 2 So4 dams and one dam died. Only a few minor alterations in serum biochemistry occurred in dams and kids; even so one So4 group dam had tissue lesions as vacuolations in hepatocytes and kidneys; necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and for the first time lesions were observed in sciatic nerve cells. No relevant alterations in body morphometry were observed. This study suggests that 4% S. occidentalis seeds is toxic for pregnant goats, but levels of seeds less than 4% have little impact on fetal and post birth body development.
-
effect of Senna occidentalis seeds on immunity in broiler chickens
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A-physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: I M Hueza, P C Raspantini, Andreia Oliveira Latorre, L E R Raspantini, D P Marianosouza, Jose Luiz Guerra, Silvana Lima GorniakAbstract:Summary This study investigated possible immunotoxic effects of Senna occidentalis (So) seeds incorporated in broiler chicken rations at different concentrations (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%), for 28 or 42 days. We evaluated innate immune function (macrophage activities of spreading, phagocytosis, peroxide and nitric oxide production) and acquired immune function (humoral and cellular immune responses), as well as lymphoid organ weights and pathology. There was enhanced macrophage activity, as hydrogen peroxide production increased (P < 0.05) in cells of birds given 0.75% So, but there were no other pro-inflammatory effects. Birds receiving 0.75% of So in ration for 42 days gained less weight (P < 0.01), and showed a decrease in relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.05) and spleen (P < 0.01). In addition, morphological changes were also noted in these lymphoid organs, with depletion of lymphoid cells on the spleen and bursa of Fabricius, resulting in lower relative weight of both lymphoid organs. No impairment of humoral immune response against Newcastle disease and in cellular immune response after a phytohaemagglutinin challenge was found. It is probable that mitochondrial damage and related apoptosis may be responsible for the enhanced peroxide production and the reduced relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen.
Larisha M Lyndem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF Senna occidentalis (L.) LINK (LEGUMINOSAE) ON RAT TAPEWORM HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA Original Article
2020Co-Authors: Suman Kundu, Suranjana Nandi, Bidisha Ukil, Larisha M LyndemAbstract:Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Senna occidentalis on rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Methods: Adult H. diminuta worms were obtained from laboratory maintained infection in rats. Different concentrations of crude ethanolic leaf extracts of S. occidentalis were tested in vitro on H. diminuta and praziquantel (PZQ) was used as reference drug. The efficacy of plant was assessed on the basis of motility of the worms. The anthelmintic effects were also evaluated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results: A dose dependent efficacy was observed in all the experiments. At the highest concentration (80 mg/ml), the mortality of worms was recorded in 12.82±0.24 hrs. The scanning electron microscope observations of extract treated worms showed irrevocable destruction all over the body tegument,which was accompanied with sloughing of microthriches and shrinkage of scolex. Whereas, the transmission electron micrography of treated worms revealed destruction of the syncytial layer along with sparse cytoplasmic cytons and depletion of parenchymatous layer. Exposure of basal lamina, decrease in an electron lucency in the nucleus and intense vacuolization was also observed in our study. Conclusion: In view of these observations, S. occidentalis may be regarded as potential anthelmintic plant and it could be exploited further for the development of a novel anthelmintic.
-
in vitro anthelmintic effects of Senna occidentalis l link leguminosae on rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Suman Kundu, Suranjana Nandi, Bidisha Ukil, Larisha M LyndemAbstract:Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Senna occidentalis on rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta . Methods: Adult H. diminuta worms were obtained from laboratory maintained infection in rats. Different concentrations of crude ethanolic leaf extracts of S. occidentalis were tested in vitro on H. diminuta and praziquantel (PZQ) was used as reference drug. The efficacy of plant was assessed on the basis of motility of the worms. The anthelmintic effects were also evaluated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results: A dose dependent efficacy was observed in all the experiments. At the highest concentration (80 mg/ml), the mortality of worms was recorded in 12.82±0.24 hrs. The scanning electron microscope observations of extract treated worms showed irrevocable destruction all over the body tegument,which was accompanied with sloughing of microthriches and shrinkage of scolex. Whereas, the transmission electron micrography of treated worms revealed destruction of the syncytial layer along with sparse cytoplasmic cytons and depletion of parenchymatous layer. Exposure of basal lamina, decrease in an electron lucency in the nucleus and intense vacuolization was also observed in our study. Conclusion: In view of these observations, S. occidentalis may be regarded as potential anthelmintic plant and it could be exploited further for the development of a novel anthelmintic.
Claudio S L Barros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
INTOXICAÇÃO POR Senna occidentalis EM BOVINOS EM PASTOREIO - RELATO DE CASO Senna occidentalis POISONING IN GRAZING CATTLE - CASE REPORT
2020Co-Authors: Margarida Buss Raffi, Raquel R Rech, Eliza Simone, Viegas Sallis, Shana Letícia, Claudio S L BarrosAbstract:An outbreak of Senna occidentalis poisoning in cattle at pasture is described. The outbreak occurred in the country of Candelaria, sta te of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the fall. Affected cattle had access to a pasture previ ously used as cultured field for soybean and which was heavily infested by coffe Senna ( S. occidentalis ). Twenty nine out of a total of 87 cattle (33,3%) died. Clinical signs included dark u rine, muscle weakness, staggering gate,
-
intoxicacao por Senna occidentalis em bovinos em pastoreio relato de caso
Revista da FZVA, 2003Co-Authors: Margarida Buss Raffi, Eliza Simone Viegas Sallis, Raquel R Rech, Shana L Garmatz, Claudio S L BarrosAbstract:E descrito um surto da intoxicacao por Senna occidentalis em bovinos em pastoreio. O surto ocorreu no municipio de Candelaria, Rio Grande do Sul, durante o outono. Os bovinos afetados tiveram acesso a uma pastagem usada anteriormente como lavoura de soja e que estava altamente infestada por fedegoso (S. occidentalis). Morreram vinte e nove bovinos de um total de 87 (33,3%). Os sinais clinicos incluiam urina escura, fraqueza muscular, andar cambaleante, decubito esternal e morte. Os principais achados de necropsia consistiam de areas palidas na musculatura esqueletica e, em menor grau, no miocardio, e mioglobinuria. Histologicamente havia degeneracao, necrose e regeneracao de fibras musculares esqueleticas e degeneracao e necrose de fibras miocardicas. O diagnostico de intoxicacao por S. occidentalis foi baseado nos dados epidemiologicos, nos sinais clinicos, nos achados de necropsia e na histopatologia. Palavras-chave: plantas toxicas, Senna occidentalis, doencas de bovinos, patologia, miopatia. ABSTRACT An outbreak of Senna occidentalis poisoning in cattle at pasture is described. The outbreak occurred in the country of Candelaria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the fall. Affected cattle had access to a pasture previously used as cultured field for soybean and which was heavily infested by coffe Senna (S. occidentalis). Twenty nine out of a total of 87 cattle (33,3%) died. Clinical signs included dark urine, muscle weakness, staggering gate, sternal recumbency, lateral recumbency and death. The main gross pathological findings were pale areas of discoloration in the skeletal muscles and, to a lesser degree, in the myocardium, and myoglobinuria. Histopathological findings consisted of degeneration, necrosis, and regeneration of skeletal muscles fibers and degeneration and necrosis of myocardial fibers. The diagnosis of S. occidentalis poisoning in this outbreak was based on the epidemiological and clinical data, the necropsy and histopathological findings. Key words: Poisonous plants, Senna occidentalis, diseases of cattle, pathology, myopathy.
-
Poisoning by Senna occidentalis (Leg. Caesalpinoideae) in grazing cattle
Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 1999Co-Authors: Claudio S L Barros, Marcia R. S. Ilha, Pedro Soares Bezerra Junior, Ingeborg M. Langohr, G D KommersAbstract:Three outbreaks of Senna occidentalis poisoning in cattle exclusively at pasture are described. The outbreaks occurred in the fall and early winter on three farms of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Affected cattle had access to pastures previously used as culture fields for soybean and corn, which were heavily infested by coffee Senna (S. occidentalis). On farm 1, 10 (29,1%) out of a total of 34 about 18-month-old heifers died; on farm 2, 9 (4,2%) out of 212 pregnant cows died, and on farm 3, 36 (12,0%) out of 50 adult cattle died. Clinical courses varied from 3 to 6 days, and clinical signs included dark urine, muscle weakness, tremors, staggering gait, sternal recumbency and death. Even when in recumbency, affected cattle remained alert and with normal reflexes; they drunk water and kept their appetite until few hours before death. On farm 2, clinical signs appeared 7 days after the animals had been removed from the coffee Senna infested fields. The main gross pathological findings were pale areas in the skeletal muscles, mainly in the heavy muscles of the hindlimbs, and pale yellowish streaks in the myocardium. The main histopathological finding was necrosis of skeletal muscles (multifocal and multiphasic toxic degenerative myopathy). The diagnosis of S. occidentalis poisoning in these three outbreaks was based on the epidemiological and clinical data, the necropsy and histopathological findings.
-
intoxicacao por Senna occidentalis leg caesalpinoideae em bovinos em pastoreio
Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 1999Co-Authors: Claudio S L Barros, Ingeborg M. Langohr, Marcia Regina Da Silva Ilha, Pedro Soares Bezerra, G D KommersAbstract:Three outbreaks of Senna occidentalis poisoning in cattle exclusively at pasture are described. The outbreaks occurred in the fall and early winter on three farms of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Affected cattle had access to pastures previously used as culture fields for soybean and corn, which were heavily infested by coffee Senna (S. occidentalis). On farm 1, 10 (29,1%) out of a total of 34 about 18-month-old heifers died; on farm 2, 9 (4,2%) out of 212 pregnant cows died, and on farm 3, 36 (12,0%) out of 50 adult cattle died. Clinical courses varied from 3 to 6 days, and clinical signs included dark urine, muscle weakness, tremors, staggering gait, sternal recumbency and death. Even when in recumbency, affected cattle remained alert and with normal reflexes; they drunk water and kept their appetite until few hours before death. On farm 2, clinical signs appeared 7 days after the animals had been removed from the coffee Senna infested fields. The main gross pathological findings were pale areas in the skeletal muscles, mainly in the heavy muscles of the hindlimbs, and pale yellowish streaks in the myocardium. The main histopathological finding was necrosis of skeletal muscles (multifocal and multiphasic toxic degenerative myopathy). The diagnosis of S. occidentalis poisoning in these three outbreaks was based on the epidemiological and clinical data, the necropsy and histopathological findings.
G D Kommers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
intoxicacao por Senna occidentalis leg caesalpinoideae em bovinos em pastoreio
Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 1999Co-Authors: Claudio S L Barros, Ingeborg M. Langohr, Marcia Regina Da Silva Ilha, Pedro Soares Bezerra, G D KommersAbstract:Three outbreaks of Senna occidentalis poisoning in cattle exclusively at pasture are described. The outbreaks occurred in the fall and early winter on three farms of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Affected cattle had access to pastures previously used as culture fields for soybean and corn, which were heavily infested by coffee Senna (S. occidentalis). On farm 1, 10 (29,1%) out of a total of 34 about 18-month-old heifers died; on farm 2, 9 (4,2%) out of 212 pregnant cows died, and on farm 3, 36 (12,0%) out of 50 adult cattle died. Clinical courses varied from 3 to 6 days, and clinical signs included dark urine, muscle weakness, tremors, staggering gait, sternal recumbency and death. Even when in recumbency, affected cattle remained alert and with normal reflexes; they drunk water and kept their appetite until few hours before death. On farm 2, clinical signs appeared 7 days after the animals had been removed from the coffee Senna infested fields. The main gross pathological findings were pale areas in the skeletal muscles, mainly in the heavy muscles of the hindlimbs, and pale yellowish streaks in the myocardium. The main histopathological finding was necrosis of skeletal muscles (multifocal and multiphasic toxic degenerative myopathy). The diagnosis of S. occidentalis poisoning in these three outbreaks was based on the epidemiological and clinical data, the necropsy and histopathological findings.
-
Poisoning by Senna occidentalis (Leg. Caesalpinoideae) in grazing cattle
Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 1999Co-Authors: Claudio S L Barros, Marcia R. S. Ilha, Pedro Soares Bezerra Junior, Ingeborg M. Langohr, G D KommersAbstract:Three outbreaks of Senna occidentalis poisoning in cattle exclusively at pasture are described. The outbreaks occurred in the fall and early winter on three farms of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Affected cattle had access to pastures previously used as culture fields for soybean and corn, which were heavily infested by coffee Senna (S. occidentalis). On farm 1, 10 (29,1%) out of a total of 34 about 18-month-old heifers died; on farm 2, 9 (4,2%) out of 212 pregnant cows died, and on farm 3, 36 (12,0%) out of 50 adult cattle died. Clinical courses varied from 3 to 6 days, and clinical signs included dark urine, muscle weakness, tremors, staggering gait, sternal recumbency and death. Even when in recumbency, affected cattle remained alert and with normal reflexes; they drunk water and kept their appetite until few hours before death. On farm 2, clinical signs appeared 7 days after the animals had been removed from the coffee Senna infested fields. The main gross pathological findings were pale areas in the skeletal muscles, mainly in the heavy muscles of the hindlimbs, and pale yellowish streaks in the myocardium. The main histopathological finding was necrosis of skeletal muscles (multifocal and multiphasic toxic degenerative myopathy). The diagnosis of S. occidentalis poisoning in these three outbreaks was based on the epidemiological and clinical data, the necropsy and histopathological findings.
-
coffee Senna Senna occidentalis poisoning in cattle in brazil
Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 1994Co-Authors: A T Barth, G D Kommers, M S Salles, F Wouters, De Barros CsAbstract:: Four 4-5-y-old cows out of a group of 20 developed a toxic myopathy approximately 10 d after being started on a ration contaminated with 21.5% Senna occidentalis beans. Clinical signs included progressive muscle weakness, incoordination of hindlimbs, reluctance to move, dragging of the tip of the hooves of the hindlimbs, and sternal and lateral recumbency. Gross lesions included white to whitish-yellow discolored areas of several groups of skeletal muscle in various regions of the body, but more markedly in the hindlimbs. Significant histopathological changes were restricted to skeletal muscles with variable degrees of segmental degenerative myopathy associated with reparative events. The earliest change seen at electron microscopy of affected skeletal muscles was mitochondrial swelling. More advanced changes ranged from disruption of sarcoplasm and myofibrils to complete lysis of a myofiber segment and early regeneration. Myocardial fibers had swollen mitochondria, disruption of cristae and dense matrical globules. The epidemiology, clinical data and gross, histopathological, and ultrastructural features of S occidentalis poisoning in cattle are presented.
Ahmed Babangida Suleiman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
molecular identification of trypanosoma brucei brucei and in vitro anti trypanosomal activity of different parts of methanolic extract of Senna occidentalis
Clinical Phytoscience, 2020Co-Authors: Zainab Aliyu Alhafiz, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Mohammed Sani Abdulsalami, Timothy Bulus, Ahmed Babangida SuleimanAbstract:The present study investigated the anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity of methanolic extract of Senna occidentalis roots, leaves, stem bark, and seed in vitro and bioactive components of the most active plant part. Trypanosoma brucei brucei was identified by PCR, cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Subsequently, the cultured T. brucei brucei were incubated with 500 μg/ml concentration of different parts of S. occidentalis plant and the most potent fraction was identified and subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Amplicons of the rRNA gene of T. brucei brucei detected had a size of 1200 bp. The anti-trypanosomal activities indicated that the root extract of the plant was the most active at 500 μg/ml with inhibitory activity of 88.89% and fractions (2 and 5) the most active with IC50 values of 1.49 and 1.16 μg/ml respectively. Results from this study insinuates that phenolic and simple aliphatic compounds might play key role in the anti-trypanosomal activity of S. occidentalis roots.
-
Molecular identification of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of different parts of methanolic extract of Senna occidentalis
Clinical Phytoscience, 2020Co-Authors: Zainab Aliyu Alhafiz, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Mohammed Sani Abdulsalami, Timothy Bulus, Ahmed Babangida SuleimanAbstract:Objective The present study investigated the anti- Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity of methanolic extract of Senna occidentalis roots, leaves, stem bark, and seed in vitro and bioactive components of the most active plant part. Materials and methods Trypanosoma brucei brucei was identified by PCR, cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO_2. Subsequently, the cultured T. brucei brucei were incubated with 500 μg/ml concentration of different parts of S. occidentalis plant and the most potent fraction was identified and subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results Amplicons of the rRNA gene of T. brucei brucei detected had a size of 1200 bp. The anti-trypanosomal activities indicated that the root extract of the plant was the most active at 500 μg/ml with inhibitory activity of 88.89% and fractions (2 and 5) the most active with IC_50 values of 1.49 and 1.16 μg/ml respectively. Conclusion Results from this study insinuates that phenolic and simple aliphatic compounds might play key role in the anti-trypanosomal activity of S. occidentalis roots.
