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Dan M. Granoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eculizumab treatment and impaired opsonophagocytic killing of meningococci by whole blood from immunized adults.
Blood, 2017Co-Authors: Monica Konar, Dan M. GranoffAbstract:Eculizumab, a humanized anti-complement C5 monoclonal antibody for treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, blocks the terminal complement pathway required for Serum Bactericidal Activity (SBA). Because treated patients are at >1000-fold increased risk of meningococcal disease, vaccination is recommended, but whether vaccination can protect by opsonophagocytic Activity in the absence of SBA is not known. Meningococci were added to anticoagulated blood from 12 healthy adults vaccinated with meningococcal serogroup B and serogroup A,C,W,Y vaccines. Bacterial survival was measured after 3 hours incubation in the presence of eculizumab or, a control complement factor D inhibitor, ACH-4471, that blocks the alternative complement pathway (AP) and is in phase 2 development for treatment of PNH. In the absence of inhibitors, CFU/ml in blood from all 12 immunized subjects decreased from ~4000 at time 0 to sterile cultures at 3 hours. In the presence of eculizumab, there was a >22-fold increase in geometric mean CFU/ml (90,596 and 114,683, for serogroup B and C strains, respectively; P 12-fold decrease (23 and 331 CFU/ml, respectively; P
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susceptibility of meningococcal strains responsible for two serogroup b outbreaks on u s university campuses to Serum Bactericidal Activity elicited by the menb 4c vaccine
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2015Co-Authors: Raffaella Rossi, Peter T Beernink, Serena Giuntini, Dan M. GranoffAbstract:In 2013 and 2014, two U.S. universities had meningococcal serogroup B outbreaks (a total of 14 cases) caused by strains from two different clonal complexes. To control the outbreaks, students were immunized with a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine (Novartis) that was not yet licensed in the United States. The vaccine (referred to as MenB-4C) contains four components capable of eliciting Bactericidal Activity. Both outbreak strains had high expression levels of two of the vaccine antigens (subfamily B factor H binding protein [FHbp] and neisserial heparin binding antigen [NHba]); the university B outbreak strain also had moderate expression of a third antigen, NadA. We investigated the Bactericidal Activity of sera from mice immunized with FHbp, NHba, or NadA and sera from MenB-4C-immunized infant macaques and an adult human. The postimmunization Bactericidal Activity of the macaque or human Serum against isolates from university B with FHbp identification (ID) 1 that exactly matched the vaccine FHbp sequence variant was 8- to 21-fold higher than that against isolates from university A with FHbp ID 276 (96% identity to the vaccine antigen). Based on the Bactericidal Activity of mouse antisera to FHbp, NadA, or NHba and macaque or human postimmunization Serum that had been depleted of anti-FHbp antibody, the Bactericidal Activity against both outbreak strains largely or entirely resulted from antibodies to FHbp. Thus, despite the high level of strain expression of FHbp from a subfamily that matched the vaccine antigen, there can be large differences in anti-FHbp Bactericidal Activity induced by MenB-4C vaccination. Further, strains with moderate to high NadA and/or NHba expression can be resistant to anti-NadA or anti-NHba Bactericidal Activity elicited by MenB-4C vaccination.
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a meningococcal factor h binding protein mutant that eliminates factor h binding enhances protective antibody responses to vaccination
Journal of Immunology, 2011Co-Authors: Peter T Beernink, Sanjay Ram, Peter A. Rice, Jutamas Shaughnessy, Emily M Braga, Qin Liu, Dan M. GranoffAbstract:Certain pathogens recruit host complement inhibitors such as factor H (fH) to evade the immune system. Microbial complement inhibitor-binding molecules can be promising vaccine targets by eliciting Abs that neutralize this microbial defense mechanism. One such Ag, meningococcal factor H-binding protein (fHbp), was used in clinical trials before the protein was discovered to bind fH. The potential effect of fH binding on vaccine immunogenicity had not been assessed in experimental animals because fHbp binds human fH specifically. In this study, we developed a human fH transgenic mouse model. Transgenic mice immunized with fHbp vaccine had 4- to 8-fold lower Serum Bactericidal Ab responses than those of control mice whose native fH did not bind the vaccine. In contrast, Ab responses were unimpaired in transgenic mice immunized with a control meningococcal group C polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. In transgenic mice, immunization with an fH nonbinding mutant of fHbp elicited Abs with higher Bactericidal Activity than that of fHbp vaccination itself. Abs elicited by the mutant fHbp more effectively blocked fH binding to wild-type fHbp than Abs elicited by fHbp that bound fH. Thus, a mutant fHbp vaccine that does not bind fH but that retains immunogenicity is predicted to be superior in humans to an fHbp vaccine that binds human fH. In the case of mutant fHbp vaccination, the resultant Ab responses may be directed more at epitopes in or near the fH binding site, which result in greater complement-mediated Serum Bactericidal Activity; these epitopes may be obscured when human fH is bound to the wild-type fHbp vaccine.
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cooperative Serum Bactericidal Activity between human antibodies to meningococcal factor h binding protein and neisserial heparin binding antigen
Vaccine, 2011Co-Authors: David M Vu, Tracy T Wong, Dan M. GranoffAbstract:A meningococcal group B vaccine containing multiple protein antigens including factor H binding protein (fHbp) and Neisserial heparin binding antigen (NHba) is in clinical development. The ability of antibodies against individual antigens to interact and augment protective immunity is unknown. We assayed human complement-mediated Bactericidal Activity (SBA) in stored sera from six immunized adults before and after depletion of antibodies to fHbp and/or NHba. All six subjects developed ≥4-fold increases in SBA titer against a test strain with fHbp in the variant 1 group with an amino acid sequence that matched the vaccine antigen (GMT 95% of the SBA was directed against fHbp. Four subjects developed ≥4-fold increases in SBA titer against a test strain with a heterologous fHbp variant 2 antigen and a homologous NHba amino acid sequence that matched the vaccine antigen (GMT <1:4 baseline, to 1:45). SBA was directed primarily against NHba in one subject, against fHbp in a second, while depletion of either anti-NHba or anti-fHbp antibody removed the majority of SBA in sera from two subjects. In all four subjects, depletion of both anti-fHbp and anti-NHba antibodies removed more SBA than depletion of either antibody individually. Mixing a mouse non-Bactericidal anti-fHbp variant 1 antiSerum with a mouse anti-NHba antiSerum also augmented the anti-NHba SBA titer against this test strain. For meningococcal vaccines that target relatively sparsely exposed antigens such fHbp or NHba, non-Bactericidal antibodies against individual antigens can cooperate and elicit SBA.
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binding of complement factor h fh to neisseria meningitidis is specific for human fh and inhibits complement activation by rat and rabbit sera
Infection and Immunity, 2009Co-Authors: Dan M. Granoff, Jo Anne Welsch, Sanjay RamAbstract:Complement factor H (fH), a molecule that downregulates complement activation, binds to Neisseria meningitidis and increases resistance to Serum Bactericidal Activity. We investigated the species specificity of fH binding and the effect of human fH on downregulating rat (relevant for animal models) and rabbit (relevant for vaccine evaluation) complement activation. Binding to N. meningitidis was specific for human fH (low for chimpanzee fH and not detected with fH from lower primates). The addition of human fH decreased rat and rabbit C3 deposition on the bacterial surface and decreased group C Bactericidal titers measured with rabbit complement 10- to 60-fold in heat-inactivated sera from human vaccinees. Administration of human fH to infant rats challenged with group B strain H44/76 resulted in an fH dose-dependent increase in CFU/ml of bacteria in blood 8 h later (P < 0.02). At the highest fH dose, 50 μg/rat, the geometric mean number of CFU per ml was higher than that in control animals (1,050 versus 43 [P < 0.005]). The data underscore the importance of binding of human fH for survival of N. meningitidis in vitro and in vivo. The species specificity of binding of human fH adds another mechanism toward our understanding of why N. meningitidis is strictly a human pathogen.
Swagatika Sahu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of euglena viridis on immune response of rohu labeo rohita ham
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Jyotirmayee Pradhan, Swagatika SahuAbstract:Abstract The study evaluated the effect of dietary doses of Euglena viridis on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against infection with the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila . L. rohita fingerlings were fed with diet containing 0 (Control), 0.1 g, 0.5 g, 1.0 g Euglena powder kg −1 dry diet for 90 days. Biochemical (Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio), haematological (WBC, RBC, haemoglobin content) and immunological (superoxide anion production, lysozyme, Serum Bactericidal Activity) parameters of fish were examined after 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 90 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 10 days post-infection. The results demonstrate that fish fed with Euglena showed increased levels of superoxide anion production, lysozyme, Serum Bactericidal Activity, Serum protein and albumin ( P A. hydrophila less survivability was observed in the control group (56.65%) than the group fed the experimental diets. The group fed 0.5 g Euglena kg −1 dry diet showed the highest percentage survival (75%). These results indicate that Euglena stimulates the immunity and makes L. rohita more resistant to A. hydrophila infection.
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the effect of euglena viridis on immune response of rohu labeo rohita ham
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Jyotirmayee Pradhan, Swagatika SahuAbstract:The study evaluated the effect of dietary doses of Euglena viridis on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against infection with the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. L. rohita fingerlings were fed with diet containing 0 (Control), 0.1 g, 0.5 g, 1.0 g Euglena powder kg(-1) dry diet for 90 days. Biochemical (Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio), haematological (WBC, RBC, haemoglobin content) and immunological (superoxide anion production, lysozyme, Serum Bactericidal Activity) parameters of fish were examined after 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 90 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 10 days post-infection. The results demonstrate that fish fed with Euglena showed increased levels of superoxide anion production, lysozyme, Serum Bactericidal Activity, Serum protein and albumin (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Following challenge with A. hydrophila less survivability was observed in the control group (56.65%) than the group fed the experimental diets. The group fed 0.5 g Euglena kg(-1) dry diet showed the highest percentage survival (75%). These results indicate that Euglena stimulates the immunity and makes L. rohita more resistant to A. hydrophila infection.
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effect of dietary curcuma longa on enzymatic and immunological profiles of rohu labeo rohita ham infected with aeromonas hydrophila
Aquaculture Research, 2008Co-Authors: Swagatika Sahu, Jyotirmayee Pradhan, B K Mishra, Basanta Kumar Das, Surya Kanta Samal, N SarangiAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary dosages of turmeric that enhance immune response and disease resistance against the opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of turmeric at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g kg−1 feed were given to the fingerlings of L. rohita for 60 days at 4% body weight. At every 20-day interval, different biochemical, haematological, enzymatic and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. After 60 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The mortality (%) was recorded on the tenth day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters including lysozyme Activity, superoxide anion production and Serum Bactericidal Activity were significantly (P<0.05) higher on 60 days of feeding of 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed. Challenge study indicated 100% and 89% survivability in the group of fish fed with 5.0 and 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed respectively. Feeding of turmeric might have maintained long-term protection in fish by elevating the nonspecific immune system such as Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme and Serum Bactericidal Activity. The result showed that turmeric at a dose of 1.0 g kg−1 feed for 60 days provided the greatest protection to pathogen challenge.
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effect of magnifera indica kernel as a feed additive on immunity and resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in labeo rohita fingerlings
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2007Co-Authors: Swagatika Sahu, Jyotirmayee Pradhan, B K Mishra, B C Mohapatra, N SarangiAbstract:Abstract The study evaluated the efficacy of dietary doses of Magnifera indica (mango) kernel on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila infections in. L. rohita fingerlings fed diet containing 0 (Control), 1 g, 5 g, 10 g mango kernel kg−1 dry diet for 60 days. Biochemical (Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, blood glucose), haematological (WBC, RBC, haemoglobin content) and immunological (superoxide anion production, lysozyme, Serum Bactericidal Activity) parameters of fish were examined at 20, 40 and 60 days of feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 60 days post feeding and mortalities were recorded over 10 days post-infection. The results demonstrate that fish fed with mango kernel showed enhanced superoxide anion production, lysozyme, Serum Bactericidal, Serum protein, albumin (P
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effect of allium sativum on the immunity and survival of labeo rohita infected with aeromonas hydrophila
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2007Co-Authors: Swagatika Sahu, Jyotirmayee Pradhan, B K Mishra, N SarangiAbstract:Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary dosages of garlic on the immune response and disease resistance against infections due to the opportunistic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Garlic, Allium sativum, was incorporated into the diets (0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%) of rohu, L. rohita fingerlings (10 ± 2 g). Every 20 days, different biochemical (Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin : globulin ratio, blood glucose), haematological (WBC, RBC and haemoglobin content) and immunological (superoxide anion production, lysozyme Activity and Serum Bactericidal Activity) parameters were evaluated. Superoxide anion production, lysozyme, Serum Bactericidal, Serum protein and albumin were enhanced in garlic treated groups compared with the control group. After 60 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila and mortality (%) was recorded up to day 10 post-challenge. Survival decreased in control group (57%) up to day 10 after infection. However, this was increased in the garlic treatment group, i.e. 85% survivability in the 1 g garlic kg−1 (B group) and 5 g garlic kg−1 (C group), and 71% survivability in the 10 g garlic kg−1 (D group), respectively. These results indicate that Allium sativum stimulates the immunity and makes L. rohita more resistant to infection by A. hydrophila.
S C Mukherjee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhanced innate immune parameters in labeo rohita ham following oral administration of bacillus subtilis
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Rajesh Kumar, S C Mukherjee, Ritesh Ranjan, S K NayakAbstract:The present study assessed the use of Bacillus subtilis in fish as a probiotic. The bacterium was administered orally at three different doses 0.5 x 10(7) (T(2)), 1 x 10(7) (T(3)), 1.5 x 10(7) (T(4)) cfu/g feed to Labeo rohita for two weeks. The positive control group (T(1)) and negative control group (T(5,)) were fed feed without B. subtilis for the same period. On the 15th day blood and Serum were sampled to determine respiratory burst Activity (NBT assay), differential leukocyte counts (DLC) and Serum Bactericidal Activity. Fishes were challenged intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila O:18 after two weeks in the treatment groups (T(2), T(3) and T(4)) and also in the positive control group(T(1)), while the negative control group (T(5)) was challenged with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) only. The respiratory burst Activity and DLC were assessed on the 3rd day post-challenge. B. subtilis treated fish showed significantly higher (P<0.05) respiratory burst Activity and Bactericidal Activity during the pre-challenge compared with the control groups. The highest respiratory burst Activity (0.37+/-0.03) and Serum Bactericidal Activity were recorded in the group (T(4)) fed feed containing B. subtilis at 1.5 x 10(7)cfu/g feed. Granulocyte numbers were significantly higher (P<0.05) in treatment groups in comparison to the control in both the pre- and post-challenge periods. The result suggests that B. subtilis can enhance certain innate immune responses in rohu.
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enhanced innate immune parameters in labeo rohita ham following oral administration of bacillus subtilis
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Rajesh Kumar, S C Mukherjee, Ritesh Ranjan, S K NayakAbstract:Abstract The present study assessed the use of Bacillus subtilis in fish as a probiotic. The bacterium was administered orally at three different doses 0.5 × 107 (T2), 1 × 107 (T3), 1.5 × 107 (T4) cfu/g feed to Labeo rohita for two weeks. The positive control group (T1) and negative control group (T5,) were fed feed without B. subtilis for the same period. On the 15th day blood and Serum were sampled to determine respiratory burst Activity (NBT assay), differential leukocyte counts (DLC) and Serum Bactericidal Activity. Fishes were challenged intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila O:18 after two weeks in the treatment groups (T2, T3 and T4) and also in the positive control group(T1), while the negative control group (T5) was challenged with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) only. The respiratory burst Activity and DLC were assessed on the 3rd day post-challenge. B. subtilis treated fish showed significantly higher (P
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the immunomodulatory effects of tuftsin on the non specific immune system of indian major carp labeo rohita
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006Co-Authors: Chandra Kanta Misra, S C Mukherjee, P K MeherAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if injections of different dosages of tuftsin would enhance the immune response and disease resistance against the infections due to the opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of tuftsin in PBS suspension at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 mg kg−1 body weight of fish were injected intraperitoneally to the fingerlings of L. rohita at 2-week intervals for four times. After every 2-week interval, different Serum biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. Biochemical and haematological parameters including Serum total protein content, albumin content, globulin content, albulin:globulin ratio, glucose content, leucocyte counts etc.; cellular immune parameters including superoxide anion production, phagocytic activities, lymphokine production index etc.; humoral immune parameters including lysozyme Activity, complement Activity, Serum Bactericidal Activity etc., in the fish were evaluated after every 2-week interval. After 56 days, fish were divided into two subgroups under each major treatment group for challenge with two pathogens A. hydrophila and E. tarda. The mortality (%) and agglutinating antibody titre was recorded on 28th day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters including leucocyte count, phagocytic ratio, phagocytic index, lysozyme Activity, complement Activity, and Serum Bactericidal Activity were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) maximum on 42 days after three i.p. injections of 10 mg kg−1 body weight of tuftsin. Challenge study indicated least mortality in the group of fish injected with 10 mg kg−1 body weight of tuftsin for four times. Multiple injections of tuftsin might have maintained the activation of phagocytic cells for a long period, which in turn led to long-term protection in the fish. Thus, multiple injections of 10 mg kg−1 body weight of tuftsin for three times can be advocated for enhancing the immune response of fish species under aquaculture.
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effect of multiple injections of β glucan on non specific immune response and disease resistance in labeo rohita fingerlings
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006Co-Authors: Chandra Kanta Misra, S C Mukherjee, Phalguni PattnaikAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if multiple injections of different dosages of β-glucan derived from barley would enhance the immune response and disease resistance against infections due to opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of β-glucan suspension in phosphate-buffered saline at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 mg kg−1 body weight of fish were injected intraperitoneally to the fingerlings of Labeo rohita at two-week intervals for four times. After every two-week interval different Serum biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. At the end of immunostimulation trial of 56 days, fish were divided into four subgroups under each major treatment group for challenge through i.p injection and bath immersion with two pathogens, A. hydrophila and E. tarda. The mortality (%) and agglutinating antibody titre was recoded on 28th day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters such as leucocyte count, phagocytic ratio, phagocytic index, lysozyme Activity, complement Activity, Serum Bactericidal Activity were significantly (P
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effect of dietary β 1 3 glucan on immune responses and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin b1 induced immunocompromised rohu labeo rohita hamilton
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2001Co-Authors: P K Sahoo, S C MukherjeeAbstract:Abstract The immunostimulant β-1,3 glucan was fed at 0·1% in feed for 7 days to healthy and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 )-induced immunocompromised fish, Labeo rohita (one of the major tropical carp species), in a 60 day trial. The effects of AFB 1 , glucan and their interactions on non-specific and specific immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were studied. A single intraperitoneal injection of AFB 1 at 1·25 mg kg −1 body weight) caused a significant ( P 0·05) reduction in non-specific immunity as measured through neutrophil phagocytic indices, Serum Bactericidal Activity, and specific immunity as measured through bacterial agglutination titre against Edwardsiella tarda , as well as reduced protection against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in comparison to control fish which were exposed neither to aflatoxin nor to glucan. Feeding of glucan to healthy fish raised the non-specific and specific immunity level and protection against bacterial infection compared with the control. Feeding of glucan to AFB 1 -induced immunocompromised fish for 7 days significantly raised the degree of resistance against A. hydrophila challenge and the non-specific immunity level in comparison to non-treated AFB 1 exposed fish. Although feeding of glucan was able to increase specific immunity, al measured through haemagglutination titre against sheep red blood cells, and bacterial ( E. tarda ) agglutination titre in healthy fish in comparison to all other groups, no significant increase in specific immunity to the aflatoxin-exposed group was seen.
Mahmoud A O Dawood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary supplementation of selenium nanoparticles modulated systemic and mucosal immune status and stress resistance of red sea bream pagrus major
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Mahmoud A O Dawood, Shunsuke Koshio, Amr I Zaineldin, Hien Van Doan, Eman M Moustafa, Mohamed M Abdeldaim, Angeles M Esteban, Mohamed S HassaanAbstract:: Dietary supplementation of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) at different levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg kg-1 diet) was evaluated to find out the effects on Serum and skin immune responses as well as stress resistance in the red sea bream (Pagrus major). After 45 days of experimental trial, Serum and mucosal immune responses were significantly high in fish fed 1 mg Se-NPs kg-1 diet (P < 0.05). In this group, alternative complement pathway, total Serum protein, antioxidant Activity of catalase enzyme, Serum Bactericidal Activity, Serum lysozyme Activity, and amounts of skin mucus secretions as well as stress resistance against low salinity stress increased significantly, when compared to fish fed Se-NP-free diet (P < 0.05). Furthermore, fish fed Se-NPs at 2 mg kg-1 diet exhibited higher alternative complement pathway, total Serum protein, mucus lysozyme Activity, Serum and mucus peroxidases, amount of mucus secreted, and tolerance against low salinity stress than the fish fed Se-NP-free diet (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the nitro blue tetrazolium Activity in all groups fed with diets supplemented with Se-NPs are significantly higher than Se-NP-free diet (P < 0.05). The present results demonstrate that the dietary supplementation with Se-NPs (mainly from 1 to 2 mg kg-1 level) could be useful for maintaining the overall health status of red sea bream.
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dietary supplementation of β glucan improves growth performance the innate immune response and stress resistance of red sea bream pagrus major
Aquaculture Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Mahmoud A O Dawood, M El F Basuini, Shunsuke Koshio, Manabu Ishikawa, Md Sakhawat Hossain, Saichiro Yokoyama, Amina S Moss, Serge DossouAbstract:A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemented diets with β-glucan (BG) at four levels [0 (D1), 250 (D2), 500 (D3) and 1000 (D4) mg BG kg−1] on red sea bream, Pagrus major. The obtained results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, body protein content, lysozyme Activity and tolerance against low-salinity stress test in all BG-supplemented groups when compared with BG-free group. Furthermore, D4 group resulted in a significant increase in feed efficiency ratio, protein gain, protein and lipid digestibilities, Serum Bactericidal Activity and peroxidase content when compared with D1 group (P < 0.05). Haematocrit and plasma protein content in D3 group were significantly higher than those in D1 group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, BG supplementation decreased glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in D2 group and reactive oxygen metabolites in D2, D3 and D4 groups when compared with D1 group. Following low-salinity stress test, significantly higher amounts of secreted mucus were observed in fish fed D2 and D4 diets than those from fish fed D1 diet (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of BG improves growth, stress resistance and immune response of P. major.
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interaction effects of dietary supplementation of heat killed lactobacillus plantarum and β glucan on growth performance digestibility and immune response of juvenile red sea bream pagrus major
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2015Co-Authors: Mahmoud A O Dawood, Shunsuke Koshio, Manabu Ishikawa, Saichiro YokoyamaAbstract:Both heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum (HK-LP) and β-glucan (BG) play important roles in growth performance, feed utilization and health status of fish. Therefore, a feeding trial was conducted to determine the interactive effects of dietary HK-LP and BG on growth performance, digestibility, oxidative status and immune response of red sea bream for 56 days. A significant interaction was found between HK-LP and BG on final body weight, total plasma protein, glucose, Serum Bactericidal Activity (BA), total Serum protein, Serum alternative complement pathway (ACP) Activity, protein and dry matter digestibility coefficients (P 0.05). Interestingly, fish fed with both HK-LP at (0.025 and 0.1%) in combination with BG at (0 and 0.1%) showed higher oxidative stress resistance. Under the experimental conditions, dietary HK-LP and BG had a significant interaction on enhancing the growth, digestibility and immune responses of red sea bream.
Einar Rosenqvist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an outer membrane vesicle vaccine for prevention of serogroup a and w 135 meningococcal disease in the african meningitis belt
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Gunnstein Norheim, Gro Tunheim, Lisbeth Meyer Naess, Paul A Kristiansen, Dominique A Caugant, Einar RosenqvistAbstract:The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis of serogroups A and W-135 has in the recent decade caused most of the cases of meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt, and there is currently no efficient and affordable vaccine available demonstrated to protect against both these serogroups. Previously, deoxycholate-extracted outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines against serogroup B meningococci have been shown to be safe and induce protection in humans in clonal outbreaks. The serogroup A and W-135 strains isolated from meningitis belt epidemics demonstrate strikingly limited variation in major surface-exposed protein structures. We have here investigated whether the OMV vaccine strategy also can be applied to prevent both serogroups A and W-135 meningococcal disease. A novel vaccine combining OMV extracted from recent African serogroup A and W-135 strains and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide was developed and its antigenic characteristics and immunogenicity were studied in mice. The specificity of the antibody responses was analysed by immunoblotting and Serum Bactericidal Activity (SBA) assays. Moreover, the bivalent A+W-135 vaccine was compared with monovalent A and W-135 OMV vaccines. The bivalent OMV vaccine was able to induce similar SBA titres as the monovalent A or W-135 OMV towards both serogroups. High SBA titres were also observed against a meningococcal serogroup C strain. These results show that subcapsular antigens may be of importance when developing broadly protective and affordable vaccines for the meningitis belt.
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interlaboratory standardization of the measurement of Serum Bactericidal Activity by using human complement against meningococcal serogroup b strain 44 76 sl before and after vaccination with the norwegian menbvac outer membrane vesicle vaccine
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Ray Borrow, Einar Rosenqvist, Arne E Hoiby, Philipp Oster, Ingeborg S Aaberge, George F Santos, Lynn T Eudey, Anne Glennie, Jamie Findlow, Paul BalmerAbstract:There is currently no standardized Serum Bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay for evaluating immune responses to meningococcal outer membrane vesicle or protein vaccines. Four laboratories, Manchester Health Protection Agency (MC HPA), New Zealand Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (NZ ESR), Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), and Chiron Vaccines (Chiron), measured SBA titers in the same panel of human sera (n = 76) from laboratory staff (n = 21) vaccinated with MenBvac. Blood samples were collected prevaccination, prior to each of the three doses of MenBvac given at 6-week intervals, and 6 weeks following the third dose. Initial results showed a number of discrepancies in results between the four participating laboratories. The greatest effect on titers appeared to be due to differences among laboratories in the maintenance of the meningococcal serogroup B test strain, 44/76-SL. A repeat study was conducted using the same frozen isolate (meningococcal serogroup B test strain 44/76-SL), freshly distributed to all four laboratories. Using SBA titers from the tilt method for all samples, and using MC HPA as the comparator, the results were as follows for NZ ESR, NIPH, and Chiron, respectively, using log10 titers: correlation coefficients (r) were 0.966, 0.967, and 0.936; intercepts were 0.08, 0.15, and 0.17; and slopes were 0.930, 0.851, and 0.891. In both prevaccination and postvaccination samples from 15 subjects assayed by all four laboratories, similar increases in SBA (fourfold or greater) were observed (for 11, 11, 9, and 9 subjects for MC HPA, NZ ESR, NIPH, and Chiron, respectively), and similar percentages of subjects with SBA titers of ≥4 prevaccination and 6 weeks following each dose were found. The SBA assay has been harmonized between the four different laboratories with good agreement on seroconversion rates, n-fold changes in titers, and percentages of subjects with SBA titers of ≥4.
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Serum Bactericidal Activity correlates with the vaccine efficacy of outer membrane vesicle vaccines against neisseria meningitidis serogroup b disease
Vaccine, 2003Co-Authors: Johan Holst, Hanne Nokleby, Berit Feiring, Ingeborg S Aaberge, J E Fuglesang, E A Hoiby, Einar RosenqvistAbstract:For evaluation of Serum Bactericidal Activity (SBA) as surrogate for the efficacy of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B disease, we have reanalyzed data from a randomized double blind placebo-controlled efficacy trial involving 172000 secondary school students (aged 13-14 years) in Norway (1988-1991). A cohort of the efficacy trial consisting of 880 individuals was selected for immunogenicity studies. An efficacy of 87% was calculated for a 10-month observation period. However, after an observation period of 29 months, the estimated efficacy against group B disease induced by vaccination was 57%. The immunogenicity study showed that the SBA geometric mean titer (GMT) for the vaccinees was 2.4 before vaccination and 19.0 six weeks after the second vaccine dose. One year after vaccination the GMT was reduced to 2.8. A separate three-dose study with 304 adolescents showed that with a third dose at 10 months after the second dose (i.e. when cases of disease started to appear) a strong booster response was induced. Ten months after the second dose the SBA was reduced to near pre-immunization level. Following the third dose the SBA geometric mean titer of 2.7 increased to 62.3. One year after the third dose, the GMT was markedly higher than 6 weeks after the second dose (12.6 versus 8.8). Thus, protection after vaccination corresponds with the level of SBA. In order to reach lasting protective levels of SBA in a population, three vaccine doses are probably required. Measurements of SBA are likely to be useful for evaluating various upcoming formulations and improvements of immunization regimens for OMV vaccines.
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immunogenicity of two efficacious outer membrane protein based serogroup b meningococcal vaccines among young adults in iceland
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1998Co-Authors: Bradley A Perkins, Brian D. Plikaytis, Johan Holst, E. Arne Høiby, Kristin E Jonsdottir, H Briem, E Griffiths, Einar Rosenqvist, Hanne Nokleby, F SotolongoAbstract:Serum Bactericidal Activity (SBA) and ELISA antibody levels elicited by two efficacious serogroup B meningococcal vaccines were measured in a controlled trial involving 408 15- to 20-year-olds. Subjects were given two doses at a 6-week interval of a serogroup B or control vaccine. Response was defined as > or = 4-fold rise in antibody level. After two doses of the Finlay Institute (Havana) vaccine at 12 months, the proportions of SBA and ELISA responders were not different from those of the control group (15% and 17% [vaccine] vs. 13% and 9% [control], P > .05). After two doses of the National Institute of Public Health (Oslo) vaccine, there were more SBA and ELISA responders than in the control group (47% and 34% [vaccine] vs. 10% and 1% [control]) or the Finlay Institute vaccine group (P < .05 for both). SBA and ELISA may be insensitive correlates for protective efficacy for some outer membrane protein-based serogroup B meningococcal vaccines.
