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Carmen Sarasquete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new genotype of Lymphocystivirus isolated from cultured gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., and Senegalese sole, Solea Senegalensis (Kaup)
Journal of fish diseases, 2010Co-Authors: I. Cano, Esther García-rosado, Benjamin Lopez-jimena, M.c. Alonso, Carmen SarasqueteAbstract:6 páginas, 1 figura, 3 tablas.Lymphocystis is a viral disease with a worldwide geographical distribution that has been described in more than 125 species of teleost fish from marine and freshwater environments, affecting both wild and cultured fish (Anders 1989). However, in South Atlantic and Mediterranean mariculture, this disease affects gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., and Senegalese sole, Solea Senegalensis (Kaup) (Menezes, Ramos & Pereira 1987; Le Deuff & Renault 1993; Borrego, Castro, Balebona, Garcia-Rosado & Lopez-Cortes 2001; Alonso, Cano, Garcia-Rosado, Castro, Lamas, Barja & Borrego 2005).This study has been supported by a CICYT project from the Spanish Government granted to Dr Sarasquete (AGL2006-17777-C03-02/ACU) and a project granted to Dr Borrego from Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero.Peer reviewe
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Lectin-binding pattern of Senegalese sole Solea Senegalensis (Kaup) testis.
Histology and histopathology, 2010Co-Authors: Salvatore Desantis, Evaristo L Mananos, Sara Zizza, Ángel García-lópez, V. Sciscioli, V. G. De Metrio, Carmen SarasqueteAbstract:The localization and characterization of oligosaccharide sequences in the testis of Senegalese sole Solea Senegalensis was investigated using 12 lectins in combination with KOH saponification and sialidase digestion (K-s). The interstitial compartment contained all the sugar residues investigated, those bearing oligosaccharides terminating with sialic acid (Neu5Ac) ?2,3Gals1,4GlcNAc, Neu5AcGalNAc?1,3(LFucs1,2)Gals1,3/4GlcNAcs1 and GalNAc?1,3(LFuc1,2)Gals1,3/4GlcNAcs1 being more abundant in the medullar region than in the cortex. The melano-macrophage centres found in the interstitial compartment displayed glycans terminating with Gals1,3GalNAc. The basal lamina separating the germinal and interstitial compartments exhibited glycans with terminal/internal mannose, internal sGlcNAc, and terminal Neu5Ac?2,6Gal/GalNAc, and Neu5AcGals1,3GalNAc, Gals1,3GalNAc (PNA), Gals1,4GlcNAc, GalNAc, ?Gal, and ?L-Fuc. In the germinal compartment, the Sertoli cells expressed only glycans terminating with Neu5Ac?2,3Gals1,4GlcNAc in the apical and supra-nuclear lateral surface of the spermatonial cysts located in the distal part of the seminiferous lobules. Primary spermatocytes exhibited oligosaccharides terminating with Gals1,3GalNAc and ?GalNAc in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively. The spermatids contained highly mannosylated glycans terminating with GalNac, ?Gal, and ?L-Fuc. The head of spermatozoa expressed a more complex glycosylation pattern characterized by the additional presence of oligosaccharides terminating with Neu5Ac?2,3Gals1,4GlcNAc, Neu5AcGals1,3GalNAc, Neu5AcGalNAc?1,3(LFuc?1,2)Gals1,3/4GlcNAcs1, GalNAc?1,3(LFuc?1,2)Gals1,3/4GlcNAcs1. The comparison with previous lectin histochemical studies carried out in other fish species reveals a specific glycosylation pattern of Senegalese sole testicular structures and spermatozoa head.
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A histological and histochemical study of the oesophagus and oesogaster of the Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis
European journal of histochemistry : EJH, 2009Co-Authors: J.m. Arellano, Volker Storch, Carmen SarasqueteAbstract:A histological and histochemical study was performed in the buccal cavity and papillae, which were around the teeth, as well as in the oesophagus and oesogaster of the Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis adult specimens. The oesophagus and oesogaster were made up of four distinct layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous. Two morphological types of epithelial cells were distinguishable in the oesophageal mucosa: the more numerous type cells possessed an electron-dense cytoplasm, whereas the cytoplasm was electron-clear in the other cells. Mucussecreting cells were the dominant feature of the epithelium throughout the oesophagus. These goblet cells were filled with numerous mucous droplets of low electron-density. The oesophagus was devoid of taste buds.
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male reproductive system in senegalese sole Solea Senegalensis kaup anatomy histology and histochemistry
Histology and Histopathology, 2005Co-Authors: Angel Garcialopez, Gonzalo Martinezrodriguez, Carmen SarasqueteAbstract:Summary. Despite the fact that the Senegalese sole Solea Senegalensis is a target species for the aquaculture industry in Spain and Portugal, very little is known about its gametogenesis and especially about testicular development. Therefore, the male reproductive system in adult S. Senegalensis was described using a histological and histochemical approach. Mean gonadosomatic index was very low (0.094±0.004%) and suffered slight changes throughout the experimental period. In transverse sections, the testis presents a reniform structure with two main regions, a cortical one with seminiferous lobules where germ cells proliferate in spermatocysts (germ /Sertoli cells units), and a medullar one with spermatic ducts that collect and store the produced sperm. The germinal compartment is organized into branching lobules of the unrestricted spermatogonial type, although the majority of type A spermatogonia are located at the distal part of the lobules. Spermatogenesis seems to be semi-cystic, since spermatids are released into the lobule lumen, where they are transformed into spermatozoa. Proteins in general, especially those rich in arginine, and carboxylated mucosubstances/glycoproteins increased from spermatogonia to spermatozoa. 3s-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymatic activity was exclusively observed in Leydig cells. The present study provides the first precise description of male reproductive apparatus in S. Senegalensis.
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Development of the Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis forebrain
European journal of histochemistry : EJH, 2004Co-Authors: C. Pinuela, C. Rendon, M.l. González De Canales, Carmen SarasqueteAbstract:The present paper deals with the ontogeny of the forebrain of the flatfish Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, through different developmental stages before and after to metamorphosis. A first approach was made by conventional histological techniques, which allowed the determination of the main ontogenetic events. A second approach was to analyze the proliferation zones (PZ) during development and their locations, as well as the relation between them and the telencephalic asymmetry of the Senegal sole. The results show that before metamorphosis the Senegal sole goes through a fast development. The pituitary is visible 1 day after hatching (DAH), the inferior lobes of the hypothalamus appear 3 DAH, and the olfactory bulb and the differentiation between telencephalon and diencephalon are present around 4 DAH. In addition, by applying proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry by means of a monoclonal antibody against the PCNA and ABC complex, we were able to determine the PZs in the forebrain of pre- and post- metamorphic specimens. Although in both cases the PZs were similar, in premetamorphic animals they were thicker. However, PZs were observed in the pallium and subpallium, preoptic region, pretectum, epithalamus, dorsal and ventral thalamus, posterior tuberculum and hypothalamus. In all cases the PZs, mainly focusing on the telencephalon, were symmetrical in both hemispheres.
Ysabel Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tenacibaculum Soleae sp nov isolated from diseased sole Solea Senegalensis kaup
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Maximino Pineirovidal, Cristina G Carballas, Oscar Gomezbarreiro, A Riaza, Ysabel SantosAbstract:A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, gliding bacterial strain designated LL04 12.1.7T was isolated from diseased sole (Solea Senegalensis Kaup) in Galicia, Spain. Colonies were yellow-pigmented with uneven edges and did not adhere to the agar. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 29.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LL04 12.1.7T is a member of the genus Tenacibaculum in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Sequence similarities between the isolate and the type strains of other members of the genus were 96.7–94.8 %. The major fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids) were iso-C15 : 0 (23.1 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (10.6 %), C15 : 1 ω6c (12.2 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, 11.0 %). Genotypic and phenotypic data distinguished strain LL04 12.1.7T from the 11 recognized Tenacibaculum species, indicating that it represents a novel species, for which the name Tenacibaculum Soleae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain LL04 12.1.7T (=CECT 7292T =NCIMB 14368T).
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Tenacibaculum Soleae sp. nov., isolated from diseased sole (Solea Senegalensis Kaup).
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Maximino Piñeiro-vidal, A Riaza, Cristina G Carballas, Oscar Gómez-barreiro, Ysabel SantosAbstract:A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, gliding bacterial strain designated LL04 12.1.7T was isolated from diseased sole (Solea Senegalensis Kaup) in Galicia, Spain. Colonies were yellow-pigmented with uneven edges and did not adhere to the agar. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 29.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain LL04 12.1.7T is a member of the genus Tenacibaculum in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Sequence similarities between the isolate and the type strains of other members of the genus were 96.7-94.8 %. The major fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids) were iso-C15 : 0 (23.1 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (10.6 %), C15 : 1 omega 6c (12.2 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 omega 7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, 11.0 %). Genotypic and phenotypic data distinguished strain LL04 12.1.7T from the 11 recognized Tenacibaculum species, indicating that it represents a novel species, for which the name Tenacibaculum Soleae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain LL04 12.1.7T (=CECT 7292T =NCIMB 14368T).
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first isolation of flexibacter maritimus from farmed senegalese sole Solea Senegalensis kaup in spain
Bulletin of The European Association of Fish Pathologists, 2002Co-Authors: Catalina Cepeda, Ysabel SantosAbstract:The present study deals with the first isolation of Flexibacter maritimus from Senegalese sole, Solea Senegalensis (Kaup), cultured in Spain. After a 24 hours shipment from one fish farm to another, a group of juvenile sole showed several external signs of disease: eroded mouth, rotten fins and shallow skin lesions or ulceration. Internally, affected specimens showed paleness of internal organs. Regardless of the use of chemical therapy, the affected group experienced almost 100% mortality. Traditional bacteriological and PCR analysis allowed the identification of the causative agent as Flexibacter maritimus. The pathogen was also directly detected from tissue of diseased fish by nested PCR.
Juan J Borrego - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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c-Lysozyme from Senegalese sole (Solea Senegalensis): cDNA cloning and expression pattern.
Fish & shellfish immunology, 2008Co-Authors: M. Alejandra Fernández-trujillo, Juan J Borrego, Manuel Manchado, Javier Porta, M. Carmen Alvarez, Julia BéjarAbstract:Lysozymes are key molecules of innate immunity and proved high bactericidal activity in fish, thus becoming attractive as tools for enhancing fish defences. In this study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cDNA from Senegalese sole (Solea Senegalensis) has been cloned and characterized. The cDNA sequence was inferred from two overlapping fragments obtained by RACE-PCR and consisting on 631bp coding for 143 aminoacids. Catalytic and other conserved residues required for lysozyme activity were identified. Pair wise alignments showed the higher identities with c-type lysozyme from other flatfish. Expression patterns under various conditions showed a basal level and a clear upregulation mostly in hematopoietic organs after stimulation with LPS or infection with Photobacterium damselae. This study represents a first step on the genetics and function of the c-lysozyme of Senegalese sole, though disclosing g-DNA structure, allelic variability and antibacterial activity must be requirements prior its immunological properties might have biotechnological applications.
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intestinal microbiota variation in senegalese sole Solea Senegalensis under different feeding regimes
Aquaculture Research, 2007Co-Authors: Beatriz Martinantonio, Carlos Infante, Manuel Manchado, Ricardo Zerolo, Alejandro M Labella, Carmen M Alonso, Juan J BorregoAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the feeding regimes in Senegalese sole (Solea Senegalensis) cultured under extensive, semi-extensive and intensive production systems. A total of 254 bacterial isolates from guts of fish cultured under different production systems and feeding regimes were tested. Biochemical tests and genetic analyses based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis were conduced to identify bacterial strains. Vibrio species were the most represented taxonomic group in the culturable microbiota of S. Senegalensis guts tested. Particularly, Vibrio ichthyoenteri was the most frequently isolated Vibrio species. Comparison among diets showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in vibrio percentages and a higher occurrence of Shewanella species in Senegalese soles fed polychaeta. In addition, a major influence of environmental temperature on microbiota composition was detected. Cold temperatures brought about a change in the percentages of Vibrio species and a higher representation of α-Proteobacteria in both outdoor systems (extensive and semi-extensive). The significant differences between intestinal bacterial composition in Senegalese soles fed commercial diets and natural preys (polychaeta) reveal the necessity to develop specific optimized diets for the intensive rearing of this fish species.
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isolation of lymphocystis disease virus from sole Solea Senegalensis kaup and blackspot sea bream pagellus bogaraveo brunnich
Journal of Fish Diseases, 2005Co-Authors: M.c. Alonso, Dolores Castro, I. Cano, Esther Garciarosado, J Lamas, J L Barja, Juan J BorregoAbstract:Two viruses were isolated from cultured sole, Solea Senegalensis, and wild blackspot sea bream, Pagellus bogaraveo, and preliminarily characterized as lymphocystis disease viruses (LCDVs). Viral isolates were characterized by morphological, biochemical and biophysical properties. In addition, the susceptibility of four fish cell lines was also tested. LCDV isolates developed cytopathic effects on the SAF-1 cell line at 5 and 6 days post-infection and reached titres of 10 6 TCID50 mL )1 . The antigenic and structural protein analysis of the two new LCDV isolates showed identical profiles to that obtained for LCDV strain Leetown NFH (ATCC VR-342), used as a reference viral strain, and for an LCDV isolate collected from gilt-head sea bream, Sparus aurata, cultured in southern Spain. Molecular confirmation was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Specific primers for LCDV produced a 270-bp DNA fragment, the expected size for LCDV.
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Antigenic properties and experimental transmission to several fish species of a marine birnavirus isolated from sole (Solea Senegalensis).
Veterinary Microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Sara I. Pérez-prieto, Esther García-rosado, Dolores Castro, S. Rodríguez, Juan J BorregoAbstract:A cross-neutralization test was used to study the antigenic relationship of an aquabirnavirus isolated from sole (Solea Senegalensis), named solevirus, and several infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) strains. Solevirus was antigenically similar to IPNV strain Sp. Transmission of the solevirus to other fish species has been determined by inoculation to freshwater and marine fish species (two salmonids and gilt-head seabream). A higher pathogenicity was obtained for the marine fish species, although solevirus caused an asymptomatic infection in all species tested, as demonstrated by the detection of viral RNA and of viral antigens in fish leucocytes, respectively, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry (FC).
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isolation and characterization of the causative agent of pasteurellosis photobacterium damsela ssp piscicida from sole Solea Senegalensis kaup
Journal of Fish Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Irene Zorrilla, Carmen Sarasquete, M C Balebona, M Mori A Igo, Juan J BorregoAbstract:The first description of pasteurellosis affecting sole, Solea Senegalensis (Kaup), cultured in the South-west of Spain is reported. Diseased fish showed no apparent lesions except for a dark skin pigmentation and swelling in the abdominal cavity. Internally, affected specimens showed paleness of liver and kidney and typical white tubercles of 1‐2 mm in diameter in the spleen. Microbiological analysis of these fish revealed the presence, in pure culture from all the organs examined, of one type of bacterial colony which was biochemically and serologically characterized as Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida. The sensitivity pattern to antimicrobials and the enzymatic activities of the bacterial extracellular products are described.
Miguel A. Moriñigo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transcription of IVIAT and Virulence Genes in Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Infecting Solea Senegalensis
Microorganisms, 2018Co-Authors: J.a. Núñez-díaz, Ana Do Vale, Miguel A. Moriñigo, Milena Fumanal, C. Fernández-díaz, Mª. Carmen BalebonaAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is responsible for disease outbreaks in marine aquaculture worldwide. Solea Senegalensis, a valuable fish species for aquaculture in the south of Europe, is frequently affected by this pathogen. It is well established that bacteria respond to environmental signals and, in the case of pathogens, this ability may determine the outcome of their interaction with the host. Determination of gene expression under in vivo conditions constitutes a valuable tool in the assessment of microbial pathogenesis. Considering that different hosts may represent different environments for the pathogen, expression of Phdp virulence and in vivo induced antigen (IVIAT) genes during S. Senegalensis infection has been determined in the present work. Increased transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in iron acquisition (Irp1, Irp2, HutB and HutD), oxidative stress defence (AhpC and Sod), adhesion (PDP_0080), toxins (AIP56) and metabolism (Impdh, Shmt and AlaRS) were detected in Phdp infecting S. Senegalensis head kidney or liver. The highest increases corresponded to genes involved in survival under iron limiting conditions and oxidative stress, indicating their essential role during infection of sole. Results obtained give insight into Phdp virulence strategies and contribute to the identification of promising targets for the control of photobacteriosis.
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Probiotic Supplementation Influences the Diversity of the Intestinal Microbiota During Early Stages of Farmed Senegalese Sole (Solea Senegalensis, Kaup 1858)
Marine Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Silvana Tapia-paniagua, Miguel A. Moriñigo, Carmen Lobo, Xabier Moreno-ventas, Inés García Banda, M. Carmen BalebonaAbstract:Ingestion of bacteria at early stages results in establishment of a primary intestinal microbiota which likely undergoes several stages along fish life. The role of this intestinal microbiota regulating body functions is crucial for larval development. Probiotics have been proved to modulate this microbiota and exert antagonistic effects against fish pathogens. In the present study, we aimed to determine bacterial diversity along different developmental stages of farmed Senegalese sole ( Solea Senegalensis ) after feeding probiotic ( Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11) supplemented diet for a short period (10–30 days after hatching, DAH). Intestinal lumen contents of sole larvae fed control and probiotic diets were collected at 23, 56, 87, and 119 DAH and DNA was amplified using 16S rDNA bacterial domain-specific primers. Amplicons obtained were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloned, and resulting sequences compared to sequences in GenBank. Results suggest that Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 induces a modulation of the dominant bacterial taxa of the intestinal microbiota from 23 DAH. DGGE patterns of larvae fed the probiotic diet showed a core of bands related to Lactobacillus helveticus , Pseudomonas acephalitica , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , and Shewanella genus, together with increased Vibrio genus presence. In addition, decreased number of clones related to Photobacterium damselae subsp piscicida at 23 and 56 DAH was observed in probiotic-fed larvae. A band corresponding to Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 was sequenced as predominant from 23 to 119 DAH samples, confirming the colonization by the probiotics. Microbiota modulation obtained via probiotics addition emerges as an effective tool to improve Solea Senegalensis larviculture.
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Intestinal Microbiota Diversity of the Flat Fish Solea Senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) Following Probiotic Administration
Microbial Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Silvana Teresa Tapia-paniagua, Patricia Díaz-rosales, M Chabrillón, Carmen Lobo, Inés García Banda, Ma. Carmen Balebona, Miguel A. MoriñigoAbstract:Pleuronectiforms are an important group of fish, and one of their species, Solea Senegalensis (Kaup 1858), has been extensively studied at different levels, although information about its intestinal microbiota and the effects of different factors on it is very scarce. Modern aquaculture industry demands strategies which help to maintain a microbiologically healthy environment and an environmentally friendly aquaculture. In this context, probiotics seem to offer an attractive alternative. The intake of probiotics could modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which is a key component in excluding potential invaders and maintaining health. The aim of this study was to evaluate by 16S rRNA gene analysis using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis the effect of administering fresh or lyophilized cells of Pdp11 on the intestinal microbiota of farmed Senegalese sole, using sodium alginate to facilitate the incorporation of bacterial cells to the feed. The results obtained showed that the composition of fish intestinal microbiota was affected when fish received a diet supplemented with sodium alginate and fresh or lyophilized probiotic cells. In all cases, the dominant bacterial groups belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and mainly the Vibrio species. The use of sodium alginate reduced the incidence of populations with
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Effectiveness of a divalent vaccine for sole, Solea Senegalensis (Kaup), against Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
Journal of fish diseases, 2005Co-Authors: S. Arijo, Alicia E. Toranzo, Beatriz Magariños, Patricia Díaz-rosales, M Chabrillón, E. Martinez-manzanares, R. M. Rico, Mª. Carmen Balebona, Miguel A. MoriñigoAbstract:The protection of cultured sole, Solea Senegalensis, against Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was evaluated following the use of a divalent vaccine prepared with formalized whole cells and extracellular products of virulent strains of both pathogenic microorganisms and administered by the immersion route. Two prolonged immersions of 5-10 g fish in the divalent bacterin at a 1-month interval gave high levels of protection similar to those obtained when the respective monovalent vaccines were administered by the intraperitoneal route [relative percentage of survival (RPS) values >70%], which indicates that the former procedure can be a useful strategy with small fish. The high protection afforded by the divalent vaccine in sole lasted for 4 months after which the RPS values against both pathogens decreased significantly.
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vibrio species isolated from diseased farmed sole Solea Senegalensis kaup and evaluation of the potential virulence role of their extracellular products
Journal of Fish Diseases, 2003Co-Authors: Irene Zorrilla, S. Arijo, M Chabrillón, M C Balebona, P Diaz, E Martinezmanzanares, Miguel A. MoriñigoAbstract:Bacteria isolated from an outbreak with moderate mortalities in farmed sole, Solea Senegalensis (Kaup), in the south of Spain were identified as Vibrio harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus. Only bacterial strains showing swarming were virulent in sole and caused mortalities in experimentally inoculated fish. However, the signs of the disease were only reproduced with V. harveyi. The intramuscular inoculation of the extracellular products (ECPs) of both species produced mortalities in inoculated fish and the appearance of surface ulcers in the case of V. harveyi. However, the inoculation of sublethal doses of ECPs to fish showed a protective effect against V. harveyi.
Julián Blasco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative toxicity of cadmium in the commercial fish species Sparus aurata and Solea Senegalensis.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2009Co-Authors: Judit Kalman, Inmaculada Riba, T. Ángel Delvalls, Julián BlascoAbstract:Abstract The induction of metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs) as well as cadmium levels (Cd) was studied in tissues of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata and flatfish Solea Senegalensis after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium (2.5 mg kg −1 body weight). The liver, gills, intestine and blood of S. aurata as well as the liver and intestine of S. Senegalensis were collected for analysis at 0, 3 and 6 days after the injection. Cd levels significantly increased in all tissues of the treated animals, and the highest accumulation was found in the liver in both species ( p S. aurata ( p S. Senegalensis . Our findings imply that MTLP synthesis in S. aurata probably led to an enhanced ability to cope with the toxicant, whereas the MTLP induction in S. Senegalensis was inhibited by the accumulated cadmium, as reflected by the mortality rate of this species. Under the experimental conditions, hepatic MTLPs appear to be a good indicator of the Cd level in S. aurata ; however, no link was found between the cadmium concentration and MTLP induction in S. Senegalensis , which suggests that MTLPs did not play a main role in detoxification by metal sequestration.
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Presence, biotransformation and effects of sulfophenylcarboxylic acids in the benthic fish Solea Senegalensis.
Environment international, 2006Co-Authors: Diana Álvarez-muñoz, Pablo A. Lara-martín, Julián Blasco, Abelardo Gómez-parra, Eduardo González-mazoAbstract:The presence of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and their degradation intermediates, sulfophenylcarboxylic acids (SPCs), with concentrations up to 100 ppb has been found in surface waters taken from the estuary of the river Guadalete (Cadiz, SW of Spain). Higher concentrations were found at the sampling site located adjacent to the discharge outlet of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The concentrations decreased downstream to a few ppb as a result of dilution, sorption, and degradation processes, which were taking place along the estuary. Once the presence of both xenobiotics was confirmed in the environment, an in vivo assay was conducted to study their biotransformation and effects in the benthic fish Solea Senegalensis. A flow-through system was employed, consisting of an exposure phase (120 h) with environmental levels of the surfactant (200, 500 and 800 μg/L of 2OC10LAS), followed by a depuration stage (72 h). The generation of SPCs has been quantified during these phases in both water and fish, with LAS biotransformation shown in all cases. The antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), the phase II enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the phase III acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP, ALP) were also estimated and utilized as biomarkers.