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Roberta M. Palmour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • High Leptospira seroprevalence in captive and wild-caught vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus sabeus) on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts.
    Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Inc, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sreekumari Rajeev, Amy Beierschmitt, Anne Conan, Nicola Pratt, Roberta M. Palmour
    Abstract:

    Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance. Very little information is available on Leptospira infection in nonhuman primates. We report herein a high seroprevalence (49.4%; 95% confidence interval: 41.6–57.2%) to Leptospira serovars in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabeus) on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts. Monkeys bred in captivity (n = 81) had a significantly higher seroprevalence compared to wild-caught monkeys (n = 81; p < 0.05). Seroprevalence to serovar Bataviae was significantly higher in monkeys bred in captivity and was higher to serovar Bratislava in wild-caught monkeys (p < 0.05). Our data confirm that exposure to various Leptospira serovars and seroconversion occurs in wild and captive vervet monkeys on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts. Further studies are warranted to better understand epidemiology, transmission, pathology, and possible reservoir status in this species.

  • Interaction of non-human primate complement and antibodies with hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Veterinary Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Esteban Soto, Amy Beierschmitt, Sylvia Marchi, Michael Kearney, Stewart Francis, Kimberly Vanness, Michel Vandenplas, Maryanna Thrall, Roberta M. Palmour
    Abstract:

    AbstractEmergent hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. In this study, we investigated the interaction of African green monkeys (AGM) (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) complement and antibody with HMV and non-HMV isolates as in vitro models of primate infection. Significantly greater survival of HMV isolates was evident after incubation in normal serum or whole blood (p 

  • Standardized full-field electroretinography in the Green Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus).
    PLoS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Joseph Bouskila, Roberta M. Palmour, Jeanfrancois Bouchard, Pasha Javadi, Maurice Ptito
    Abstract:

    Full-field electroretinography is an objective measure of retinal function, serving as an important diagnostic clinical tool in ophthalmology for evaluating the integrity of the retina. Given the similarity between the anatomy and physiology of the human and Green Monkey eyes, this species has increasingly become a favorable non-human primate model for assessing ocular defects in humans. To test this model, we obtained full-field electroretinographic recordings (ERG) and normal values for standard responses required by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Photopic and scotopic ERG recordings were obtained by full-field stimulation over a range of 6 log units of intensity in dark-adapted or light-adapted eyes of adult Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Intensity, duration, and interval of light stimuli were varied separately. Reproducible values of amplitude and latency were obtained for the a- and b-waves, under well-controlled adaptation and stimulus conditions; the i-wave was also easily identifiable and separated from the a-b-wave complex in the photopic ERG. The recordings obtained in the healthy Green Monkey matched very well with those in humans and other non-human primate species (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). These results validate the Green Monkey as an excellent non-human primate model, with potential to serve for testing retinal function following various manipulations such as visual deprivation or drug evaluation.

  • Standardized Full-Field Electroretinography in the Green Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
    2014
    Co-Authors: Joseph Bouskila, Roberta M. Palmour, Pasha Javadi, Maurice Ptito
    Abstract:

    Full-field electroretinography is an objective measure of retinal function, serving as an important diagnostic clinical tool in ophthalmology for evaluating the integrity of the retina. Given the similarity between the anatomy and physiology of the human and Green Monkey eyes, this species has increasingly become a favorable non-human primate model for assessing ocular defects in humans. To test this model, we obtained full-field electroretinographic recordings (ERG) and normal values for standard responses required by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Photopic and scotopic ERG recordings were obtained by full-field stimulation over a range of 6 log units of intensity in dark-adapted or light-adapted eyes of adult Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Intensity, duration, and interval of light stimuli were varied separately. Reproducible values of amplitude and latency were obtained for the a- and b-waves, under well-controlled adaptation and stimulus conditions; the i-wave was also easily identifiable and separated from the a-b-wave complex in the photopic ERG. The recordings obtained in the healthy Green Monkey matched very well with those in humans and other non-human primate species (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). These results validate the Green Monkey as an excellent non-human primate model, with potential to serve for testing retinal function following variou

  • abdominal ultrasonography of the normal st kitts vervet monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus
    Journal of Medical Primatology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Roberta M. Palmour, Amy Beierschmitt, J.t. Amory, W. M. Du Plessis, Thierry Beths, Janet Beelermarfisi
    Abstract:

    Background Normal ultrasonography of non-reproductive abdominal and male reproductive anatomy in the vervet monkey were prospectively assessed. This has not been previously reported. Methods Ten non-sexually active male and 10 non-gravid female clinically healthy vervet monkeys between 5 and 12 years of age and weighing between 3.13 and 6.85 kg were evaluated with ultrasound. Individuals were randomly divided by gender groups into one of two immobilization protocols and scanned at 18.0 MHz. Results High-quality images of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, and testes were acquired. The prostate was never visualized. Abdominal lymph nodes other than an ileocolic, the pancreas, and the female reproductive tract were not evaluated. Gastric and duodenal motility were significantly different between immobilization protocols (P < 0.05). Conclusions Abdominal sonographic anatomy was successfully characterized and normal size parameters for non-reproductive abdominal viscera and the testes were established.

Nelson B. Freimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anthropogenic food enhancement alters the timing of maturational landmarks among wild savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Christopher A. Schmitt, Nelson B. Freimer, Jennifer Danzy Cramer, Alicia M. Rich, Stacy-anne R Parke, Maryjka B. Blaszczyk, J. Paul Grobler, Trudy R. Turner
    Abstract:

    Anthropogenic landscapes are rapidly replacing natural nonhuman primate habitats. Yet, the access to anthropogenic resources on primate biology, health, and fitness remain poorly studied. Given their ubiquity across a range of human impacted landscapes, from cities to national parks, savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus spp.) provide an excellent study system in which to test these effects. We compared body condition and reproductive maturation in vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) inhabiting a private farm in !Gariep Dam, with ample access to anthropogenic foods, and wild-foraging vervets in Soetdoring Nature Reserve, South Africa. Overall, vervets in !Gariep show significantly thicker skin folds, and higher BMI and body mass, than those in Soetdoring, suggesting increased fat deposition. Males in !Gariep have larger relative testis volumes at peri-pubescent ages compared to those in Soetdoring, suggesting early reproductive maturation associated with age-specific increases in body mass. Females from !Gariep showed evidence of an earlier onset of reproduction than those in Soetdoring, based on parity status as assessed by nipple length and evidence of lactation. Parity status at sub-adult dental ages was also strongly associated with body mass. These results are consistent with a positive effect of anthropogenic food-enhancement on body fat deposition, potentially linked to an earlier onset of reproductive maturation. Further investigation into primate responses to cultivated resources will inform our understanding of the broader effects of food enhancement on developmental plasticity.

  • arteriviruses pegiviruses and lentiviruses are common among wild african monkeys
    Journal of Virology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Adam L Bailey, Jens H Kuhn, Michael Lauck, Ria R Ghai, Chase W Nelson, Katelyn E Heimbruch, Austin L Hughes, Tony L Goldberg, Anna J Jasinska, Nelson B. Freimer
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are a historically important source of zoonotic viruses and are a gold-standard model for research on many human pathogens. However, with the exception of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) (family Retroviridae), the blood-borne viruses harbored by these animals in the wild remain incompletely characterized. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of two novel simian pegiviruses (family Flaviviridae) and two novel simian arteriviruses (family Arteriviridae) in wild African green monkeys from Zambia (malbroucks [Chlorocebus cynosuros]) and South Africa (vervet monkeys [Chlorocebus pygerythrus]). We examine several aspects of infection, including viral load, genetic diversity, evolution, and geographic distribution, as well as host factors such as age, sex, and plasma cytokines. In combination with previous efforts to characterize blood-borne RNA viruses in wild primates across sub-Saharan Africa, these discoveries demonstrate that in addition to SIV, simian pegiviruses and simian arteriviruses are widespread and prevalent among many African cercopithecoid (i.e., Old World) monkeys. IMPORTANCE Primates are an important source of viruses that infect humans and serve as an important laboratory model of human virus infection. Here, we discover two new viruses in African green monkeys from Zambia and South Africa. In combination with previous virus discovery efforts, this finding suggests that these virus types are widespread among African monkeys. Our analysis suggests that one of these virus types, the simian arteriviruses, may have the potential to jump between different primate species and cause disease. In contrast, the other virus type, the pegiviruses, are thought to reduce the disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans. However, we did not observe a similar protective effect in SIV-infected African monkeys coinfected with pegiviruses, possibly because SIV causes little to no disease in these hosts.

  • Mapping correlates of parasitism in wild South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), South African Journal of Wildlife Research 44(1) April 2014 : pp. 56-70 : : erratum
    South African Journal of Wildlife Research - 24-month delayed open access, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tegan Gaetano, J. Danzy, M.s. Mtshali, N. Theron, Christopher A. Schmitt, J.p. Grobler, Nelson B. Freimer, Trudy R. Turner
    Abstract:

    Mapping correlates of parasitism in wild South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), South African Journal of Wildlife Research 44(1) April 2014 : pp. 56-70 : erratum

  • variation in scrotal color among widely distributed vervet monkey populations Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus and Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus
    American Journal of Primatology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tegan Gaetano, Christopher A. Schmitt, Nelson B. Freimer, Trudy R. Turner, Jennifer Danzy Cramer, Joseph P Gray, Paul Grobler, Joseph G Lorenz
    Abstract:

    Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) exhibit bright blue scrotal skin which may function to mediate social interactions by acting as a socio-sexual signal. Previous research on scrotal coloration among vervet monkeys was limited to experimental work on captive Ch. a. sabaeus, the least colorful vervet subspecies, and two field studies of the more colorful Ch. a. pygerythrus. In a study of free-ranging and captive vervet monkeys in South Africa (Ch. pygerythrus), West Africa (Ch. a. sabaeus) and the Caribbean (Ch. a. sabaeus), we examined scrotal color variation across geographically distant subspecies. We provide an exploration of how digital photographs may be used to quantify and analyze blue and green skin coloration by examining the blue-yellow opponency channel and luminance channel as color measures. We found that that at all ages the scrotal color of Ch. a. pygerythrus males was always bluer and darker than that of Ch. a. sabaeus males. Among Ch. a. pygerythrus scrotal color becomes bluer and lightens with increasing age, while the color of Ch. a. sabaeus males also lightens, but becomes less blue with increasing age. We suggest that color variation is related to maturation and may function as an age-related signal among Ch. a. pygerythrus and Ch. a. sabaeus. We also found color was related to three morphological features among adults. For Ch. a. pygerythrus, higher body weight is associated with more blue color and longer canine length is associated with lighter color. Lighter color was associated with longer body lengths among Ch. a. sabaeus. Future studies focused on color variation within age classes are needed to examine the potential signal content of color in this species.

  • a web based brain atlas of the vervet monkey Chlorocebus aethiops
    NeuroImage, 2011
    Co-Authors: Roger P Woods, Matthew J Jorgensen, Lynn A Fairbanks, Scott C Fears, Arthur W Toga, Nelson B. Freimer
    Abstract:

    Vervet monkeys are a frequently studied animal model in neuroscience research. Although equally distantly related to humans, the ancestors of vervets diverged from those of macaques and baboons more than 11 million years ago, antedating the divergence of the ancestors of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas. To facilitate anatomic localization in the vervet brain, two linked on-line electronic atlases are described, one based on registered MRI scans from hundreds of vervets (http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Atlases/Data/vervet/vervetmratlas/vervetmratlas.html) and the other based on a high-resolution cryomacrotome study of a single vervet (http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Atlases/Data/vervet/vervetatlas/vervetatlas.html). The averaged MRI atlas is also available as a volume in Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative format. In the cryomacrotome atlas, various sulcal and subcortical structures have been anatomically labeled and surface rendered views are provided along the primary planes of section. Both atlases simultaneously provide views in all three primary planes of section, rapid navigation by clicking on the displayed images, and stereotaxic coordinates in the averaged MRI atlas space. Despite the extended time period since their divergence, the major sulcal and subcortical landmarks in vervets are highly conserved relative to those described in macaques.

Amy Beierschmitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • High Leptospira seroprevalence in captive and wild-caught vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus sabeus) on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts.
    Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Inc, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sreekumari Rajeev, Amy Beierschmitt, Anne Conan, Nicola Pratt, Roberta M. Palmour
    Abstract:

    Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance. Very little information is available on Leptospira infection in nonhuman primates. We report herein a high seroprevalence (49.4%; 95% confidence interval: 41.6–57.2%) to Leptospira serovars in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabeus) on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts. Monkeys bred in captivity (n = 81) had a significantly higher seroprevalence compared to wild-caught monkeys (n = 81; p < 0.05). Seroprevalence to serovar Bataviae was significantly higher in monkeys bred in captivity and was higher to serovar Bratislava in wild-caught monkeys (p < 0.05). Our data confirm that exposure to various Leptospira serovars and seroconversion occurs in wild and captive vervet monkeys on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts. Further studies are warranted to better understand epidemiology, transmission, pathology, and possible reservoir status in this species.

  • uterine angioleiomyoma in an african green monkey Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus
    Journal of Medical Primatology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Matthew Valentine, Amy Beierschmitt, Josepha Delay, John J Callanan
    Abstract:

    Background A uterine neoplasm was observed, as an incidental finding, during post-mortem examination of a 26-year-old female multiparous African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). The intramural, expansile, 2 to 3 cm well-demarcated, dark-red, nodular neoplasm was located on the anterior uterine body (corpus) wall. Methods The mass was examined by light microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. Results The mass was confirmed as a cavernous uterine angioleiomyoma (syn. vascular leiomyoma) characterized by abundant intratumoural vasculature lined by Factor VIII-positive endothelial cells and surrounded by smooth muscle actin-positive cell proliferations. Conclusion Angioleiomyoma sharing the characteristics of intramural human cavernous uterine angioleiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uterine tumours in non-human primates.

  • Interaction of non-human primate complement and antibodies with hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Veterinary Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Esteban Soto, Amy Beierschmitt, Sylvia Marchi, Michael Kearney, Stewart Francis, Kimberly Vanness, Michel Vandenplas, Maryanna Thrall, Roberta M. Palmour
    Abstract:

    AbstractEmergent hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. In this study, we investigated the interaction of African green monkeys (AGM) (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) complement and antibody with HMV and non-HMV isolates as in vitro models of primate infection. Significantly greater survival of HMV isolates was evident after incubation in normal serum or whole blood (p 

  • Asthma in an Adult Female Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus).
    Comparative medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: Liza S Köster, Bradley Simon, Gilda Rawlins, Amy Beierschmitt
    Abstract:

    A 9-y-old, colony-bred, female vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) presented with a 6-y history of open-mouth breathing, tachypnea, and sibilant wheezing. These symptoms did not significantly affect her activity or quality of life. Thoracic radiographs and results of bronchoalveolar lavage supported the diagnosis of asthma. Treatment comprising intramuscular prednisolone (tapered over 2 mo from twice daily to every other day), inhaled salmeterol-fluticasone (25 μg-250 μg per actuation twice daily) by mask, and a metered dose inhaler was successful in restoring a normal respiratory pattern. Despite the availability of several primate models of human asthma, this case represents the first report of spontaneous asthma in a NHP.

  • First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild-caught Caribbean African green monkeys
    Parasites & Vectors, 2014
    Co-Authors: Clare M Hamilton, Amy Beierschmitt, Frank Katzer, Esteban Soto, Elisabeth A. Innes, Patrick Kelly
    Abstract:

    Background Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals. Humans can become infected by ingesting infective oocysts from the environment or contaminated food or water, or by ingesting tissue cysts in undercooked infected meat or by handling infected meat. Caribbean African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) are present in large numbers on the island of St. Kitts in the Caribbean, and it is not uncommon for these animals to be trapped and eaten by islanders. The aim of this study was to determine T. gondii infection in Caribbean African green monkeys.

Trudy R. Turner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anthropogenic food enhancement alters the timing of maturational landmarks among wild savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Christopher A. Schmitt, Nelson B. Freimer, Jennifer Danzy Cramer, Alicia M. Rich, Stacy-anne R Parke, Maryjka B. Blaszczyk, J. Paul Grobler, Trudy R. Turner
    Abstract:

    Anthropogenic landscapes are rapidly replacing natural nonhuman primate habitats. Yet, the access to anthropogenic resources on primate biology, health, and fitness remain poorly studied. Given their ubiquity across a range of human impacted landscapes, from cities to national parks, savanna monkeys (Chlorocebus spp.) provide an excellent study system in which to test these effects. We compared body condition and reproductive maturation in vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) inhabiting a private farm in !Gariep Dam, with ample access to anthropogenic foods, and wild-foraging vervets in Soetdoring Nature Reserve, South Africa. Overall, vervets in !Gariep show significantly thicker skin folds, and higher BMI and body mass, than those in Soetdoring, suggesting increased fat deposition. Males in !Gariep have larger relative testis volumes at peri-pubescent ages compared to those in Soetdoring, suggesting early reproductive maturation associated with age-specific increases in body mass. Females from !Gariep showed evidence of an earlier onset of reproduction than those in Soetdoring, based on parity status as assessed by nipple length and evidence of lactation. Parity status at sub-adult dental ages was also strongly associated with body mass. These results are consistent with a positive effect of anthropogenic food-enhancement on body fat deposition, potentially linked to an earlier onset of reproductive maturation. Further investigation into primate responses to cultivated resources will inform our understanding of the broader effects of food enhancement on developmental plasticity.

  • Mapping correlates of parasitism in wild South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), South African Journal of Wildlife Research 44(1) April 2014 : pp. 56-70 : : erratum
    South African Journal of Wildlife Research - 24-month delayed open access, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tegan Gaetano, J. Danzy, M.s. Mtshali, N. Theron, Christopher A. Schmitt, J.p. Grobler, Nelson B. Freimer, Trudy R. Turner
    Abstract:

    Mapping correlates of parasitism in wild South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), South African Journal of Wildlife Research 44(1) April 2014 : pp. 56-70 : erratum

  • variation in scrotal color among widely distributed vervet monkey populations Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus and Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus
    American Journal of Primatology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tegan Gaetano, Christopher A. Schmitt, Nelson B. Freimer, Trudy R. Turner, Jennifer Danzy Cramer, Joseph P Gray, Paul Grobler, Joseph G Lorenz
    Abstract:

    Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) exhibit bright blue scrotal skin which may function to mediate social interactions by acting as a socio-sexual signal. Previous research on scrotal coloration among vervet monkeys was limited to experimental work on captive Ch. a. sabaeus, the least colorful vervet subspecies, and two field studies of the more colorful Ch. a. pygerythrus. In a study of free-ranging and captive vervet monkeys in South Africa (Ch. pygerythrus), West Africa (Ch. a. sabaeus) and the Caribbean (Ch. a. sabaeus), we examined scrotal color variation across geographically distant subspecies. We provide an exploration of how digital photographs may be used to quantify and analyze blue and green skin coloration by examining the blue-yellow opponency channel and luminance channel as color measures. We found that that at all ages the scrotal color of Ch. a. pygerythrus males was always bluer and darker than that of Ch. a. sabaeus males. Among Ch. a. pygerythrus scrotal color becomes bluer and lightens with increasing age, while the color of Ch. a. sabaeus males also lightens, but becomes less blue with increasing age. We suggest that color variation is related to maturation and may function as an age-related signal among Ch. a. pygerythrus and Ch. a. sabaeus. We also found color was related to three morphological features among adults. For Ch. a. pygerythrus, higher body weight is associated with more blue color and longer canine length is associated with lighter color. Lighter color was associated with longer body lengths among Ch. a. sabaeus. Future studies focused on color variation within age classes are needed to examine the potential signal content of color in this species.

  • A novel trap design for the capture and sedation of vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops ) : research article
    South African Journal of Wildlife Research - 24-month delayed open access, 2010
    Co-Authors: J. Paul Grobler, Trudy R. Turner
    Abstract:

    Studies of population genetics and genomics, morphometrics, endocrinology and immunology of primates often require effective methods of trapping and sedation. In this paper, we describe a progressively refined trap design used by the authors to trap more than 770 vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) in southern and eastern Africa between 1973 and 2009. The design offers ease of construction, portability, sensitivity of the trigger mechanism and the ability to restrain animals for sedation. In addition to a detailed description of the trap design, this paper presents notes on strategies for baiting, temporal trends during trapping and possible application to other taxa.

  • A Novel Trap Design for the Capture and Sedation of Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)
    South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: J. Paul Grobler, Trudy R. Turner
    Abstract:

    Studies of population genetics and genomics, morphometrics, endocrinology and immunology of primates often require effective methods of trapping and sedation. In this paper, we describe a progressively refined trap design used by the authors to trap more than 770 vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) in southern and eastern Africa between 1973 and 2009. The design offers ease of construction, portability, sensitivity of the trigger mechanism and the ability to restrain animals for sedation. In addition to a detailed description of the trap design, this paper presents notes on strategies for baiting, temporal trends during trapping and possible application to other taxa

Maurice Ptito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Standardized full-field electroretinography in the Green Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus).
    PLoS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Joseph Bouskila, Roberta M. Palmour, Jeanfrancois Bouchard, Pasha Javadi, Maurice Ptito
    Abstract:

    Full-field electroretinography is an objective measure of retinal function, serving as an important diagnostic clinical tool in ophthalmology for evaluating the integrity of the retina. Given the similarity between the anatomy and physiology of the human and Green Monkey eyes, this species has increasingly become a favorable non-human primate model for assessing ocular defects in humans. To test this model, we obtained full-field electroretinographic recordings (ERG) and normal values for standard responses required by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Photopic and scotopic ERG recordings were obtained by full-field stimulation over a range of 6 log units of intensity in dark-adapted or light-adapted eyes of adult Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Intensity, duration, and interval of light stimuli were varied separately. Reproducible values of amplitude and latency were obtained for the a- and b-waves, under well-controlled adaptation and stimulus conditions; the i-wave was also easily identifiable and separated from the a-b-wave complex in the photopic ERG. The recordings obtained in the healthy Green Monkey matched very well with those in humans and other non-human primate species (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). These results validate the Green Monkey as an excellent non-human primate model, with potential to serve for testing retinal function following various manipulations such as visual deprivation or drug evaluation.

  • Standardized Full-Field Electroretinography in the Green Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
    2014
    Co-Authors: Joseph Bouskila, Roberta M. Palmour, Pasha Javadi, Maurice Ptito
    Abstract:

    Full-field electroretinography is an objective measure of retinal function, serving as an important diagnostic clinical tool in ophthalmology for evaluating the integrity of the retina. Given the similarity between the anatomy and physiology of the human and Green Monkey eyes, this species has increasingly become a favorable non-human primate model for assessing ocular defects in humans. To test this model, we obtained full-field electroretinographic recordings (ERG) and normal values for standard responses required by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Photopic and scotopic ERG recordings were obtained by full-field stimulation over a range of 6 log units of intensity in dark-adapted or light-adapted eyes of adult Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Intensity, duration, and interval of light stimuli were varied separately. Reproducible values of amplitude and latency were obtained for the a- and b-waves, under well-controlled adaptation and stimulus conditions; the i-wave was also easily identifiable and separated from the a-b-wave complex in the photopic ERG. The recordings obtained in the healthy Green Monkey matched very well with those in humans and other non-human primate species (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). These results validate the Green Monkey as an excellent non-human primate model, with potential to serve for testing retinal function following variou