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M N Venugopal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Viral diseases of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton) and their management
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2016Co-Authors: M N VenugopalAbstract:Small cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is affected by many diseases which have been identified as a major production constraint. Among the viral diseases 'katte' or mosaic is the major viral disease causing severe yield losses to an extent of 68 per cent. In addition, Nilgiri necrosis, infectious variegation virus and 'kokke kandu' diseases are gaining importance in recent years. The present paper reviews the information available on distribution of viral diseases, symptomatology, crop loss, transmission, etiology, host range and disease management. The future plan of work on aspects such as breeding for disease resistance through genetic engineering, virus characterization and early detection methods are indicated.
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Viral diseases of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton) and their management
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2016Co-Authors: M N VenugopalAbstract:Small cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton) is affected by many diseases which have been identified as a major production constraint. Among the viral diseases 'katte' or mosaic is the major viral disease causing severe yield losses to an extent of 68 per cent. In addition, Nilgiri necrosis, infectious variegation virus and 'kokke kandu' diseases are gaining importance in recent years. The present paper reviews the information available on distribution of viral diseases, symptomatology, crop loss, transmission, etiology, host range and disease management. The future plan of work on aspects such as breeding for disease resistance through genetic engineering, virus characterization and early detection methods are indicated.
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Studies on crossability between elite types of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2015Co-Authors: M N Venugopal, K PadminiAbstract:A 8 x 8 set of crosses including reciprocals were made between elite Malabar selections of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) namely, CCS-1 and RR-1 and six cardamom mosaic disease (katte) resistant lines (NKE-12, NKE-27, NKE-34, NK3,9, NKE-3 and NKE-19) to incorporate desirable characters in the hybrids. All the elite selections were compatible with each other; however, the degree of compatibility varied with the parents selected for hybridisation. The crossability was highest and significant in the cross NKE-19 x NKE-34 (92%) followed by NKE-12 x NKE-19 (77%) and NKE-12 x RR-1 (69%). The crossability in CCS-1 x RR-1, NKE-27 x CCS-1, NKE-12 x RR-1, NKE-9 x RR-1 and NKE-3 x RR-1 was high (>50%) indicating the scope for combining yield and disease resistance in these crosses.
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Breeding potential of Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii Van der Goot (Homoptera: Aphididae) on katte escape cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton) plants
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2015Co-Authors: M N Venugopal, M J Mathew, M. AnandarajAbstract:Two viral diseases of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) namely, mosaic or katte disease and vein clearing or kokke kandu disease are transmitted by the cardamom aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii. The breeding potential of this vector on 17 mosaic disease escape accessions of cardamom was compared with, those of a local susceptible check. The aphids colonised and multiplied on all test accessions at a rate of multiplication ranging from 1.77 to 3.93, on the 5th day after introduction, On the 10th day after introduction, the local check recorded the highest multiplication rate (5.88) followed by NKE-5 (5,63); NKE-27 recorded the lowest rate of multiplication (2,31). Colonisation of aphids on all katte escape lines indicates that the resistance of cardamom accessions to katte virus is not due to deterrence to vector but due to some other host factors,
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Efficacy of entomogenous fungi on biological suppression of Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii Van der Goot of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2015Co-Authors: M J Mathew, K. A. Saju, M N VenugopalAbstract:Experiments were conducted in the laboratory on the biological suppression of the aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa f. caladii of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) using four entomogenous fungi namely, Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Verticillium chlamydosporium and Metarhizium anisopliae. Fungal spore suspensions (1 x 107 spores/ml) when applied on the aphid colonies caused mortality to both apterous adults and nymphs ranging from 37.0 to 96.6 per cent and 32.S to 75.4 per cent, respectively. B. bassiana was the most potent biocontrol agent effecting 96.6 and 75.4 per cent mortality for adults and nymphs, respectively, in the indirect expsoure method and 65.9 and 70.9 per cent, respectively, in the direct exposure method.
Suresh Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alpha terpinyl acetate a natural monoterpenoid from Elettaria cardamomum as multi target directed ligand in alzheimer s disease
Journal of Functional Foods, 2020Co-Authors: Suman Chowdhury, Suresh KumarAbstract:Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive deficit. Various drug targets implicated in AD are β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, cholinesterase enzymes, and free radicals. Plants derived phytoconstituents provides a vast pool of diverse compounds as a source of novel drugs. In view of this, the Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton. extract and its active phytoconstituents alpha-terpinyl acetate were used to study the disease-modifying effects in AD. The present study successfully demonstrated for the first time the therapeutic potential of alpha-terpinyl acetate as it binds to multiple drug targets, resulting in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme, reduced Aβ induced neurotoxicity, reduced hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and anti-amyloidogenic property. In conclusion, alpha-terpinyl acetate can be used as a suitable lead to develop a molecule that might have multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) potential and disease amelioration effects in AD.
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Alpha-terpinyl acetate: A natural monoterpenoid from Elettaria cardamomum as multi-target directed ligand in Alzheimer’s disease
Journal of Functional Foods, 2020Co-Authors: Suman Chowdhury, Suresh KumarAbstract:Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive deficit. Various drug targets implicated in AD are β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, cholinesterase enzymes, and free radicals. Plants derived phytoconstituents provides a vast pool of diverse compounds as a source of novel drugs. In view of this, the Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton. extract and its active phytoconstituents alpha-terpinyl acetate were used to study the disease-modifying effects in AD. The present study successfully demonstrated for the first time the therapeutic potential of alpha-terpinyl acetate as it binds to multiple drug targets, resulting in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme, reduced Aβ induced neurotoxicity, reduced hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and anti-amyloidogenic property. In conclusion, alpha-terpinyl acetate can be used as a suitable lead to develop a molecule that might have multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) potential and disease amelioration effects in AD.
J. Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fungal and bacterial diseases of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton) and their management
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2016Co-Authors: J. Thomas, R. Suseela BhaiAbstract:Small cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum ) is susceptible to a number of diseases due to fungi, bacteria and viruses. Twenty six different types of diseases have been reported of which only a few have been considered as major causing severe crop losses. The major diseases of fungal origin are 'azhukal' (capsule rot) caused by Phytophthora meadii , rhizome rot (clump rot) and seedling rot (damping ofD caused by Phythium vexans , leaf blight caused by Phytophthora meadii , leaf blotch caused by Phaeodactylium alpiniae and leaf spots by Eercospora sp., and Sphaceloma cardamomi , leaf rust by Phakospora Elettariae , brown spot by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides etc. Most of the diseases occur during the South West monsoon period where heavy rain coupled with high relative humidity predisposes the plant to infection. Since the occurrence and spread of diseases are correlated to weather conditions, integrated disease management strategy adopting cultural, chemical and biological control methods are highly suitable to save the crop from heavy losses.
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Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. for the control of seedling rot disease of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2015Co-Authors: R. Suseela Bhai, J. ThomasAbstract:Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum were evaluated as seed dressing prior to sowing of seeds and as soil application in nursery beds at the time of transplanting cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) seedlings for the control of seedling rot or damping off caused by Pythium vexans. Coating of seeds with Trichoderma spp. did not alter the percentage of germination but reduced the percentage of damping off in sick soil. Soil drenching of Trichoderma spp. mascerates 1 week prior to transplanting of seedlings in sick soils was effective in reducing seedling mortality compared to Trichoderma application after transplanting or as seedling dip.
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Factor analysis in cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2014Co-Authors: Radhakrishnan, Priya P Menon, K. J. Madhusoodanan, K. M. Kuruvilla, J. ThomasAbstract:A pooled factor analysis of 17 variables representing morphological, yield contributing and qualitative characters of 90 genotypes of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) was carried out at Myladumpara (Kerala), for identifying marker characters which accommodate the inheritance of associated characters. Among the 17 characters subjected to the analysis, 6 factors were identified as having maximum influence on growth, yield and quality of cardamom. Among the six factors identified, three factors controlled yield and yield contributing characters, two factors controlled qualitative characters and one factor controlled growth characters. The characters identified with maximum factor loadings in each group include bearing tillers clump-I, seeds capsule-I, internodal length, racemes panicle-I, leaf breadth and capsules (dry) kg-I. The six principal components or factors accounted for 78.09% of the total variance.
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Molecular characterisation of Fusarium oxysporum causing rot diseases in small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2013Co-Authors: A. K. Vijayan, J. Thomas, L. Sithara, Juno Thomas, R. S. Misra, K. A. SajuAbstract:Incidence of root rot and foliar yellowing, rhizome rot, panicle wilt and stem rot diseases of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) are caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., and were surveyed in the high ranges of Idukki district, Kerala during 2010–2011. The diseases were noticed in different areas to varying degrees. Root rot was found to be most severe, followed by pseudostem rot, rhizome rot and panicle wilt. The Fusarium infections were prevalent throughout the year (January–December) and varied from 1.5 to 10.6%. Even though the pathogen was isolated from different plant parts, during pathogenicity studies, all the isolates could cross-infect other plant parts too. Twenty different isolates of F. oxysporum were obtained from diseased samples, and five morphologically distinct isolates were analysed with Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to study the genetic variability, if any, among them. PCR amplification of total genomic DNA with random oligonucleotide primers generated u...
M R Sudharshan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of pruning mother suckers on daughter sucker production in cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum M.) seedlings
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2016Co-Authors: Siddagangaiah Siddagangaiah, V Krishna Kumar, M R SudharshanAbstract:The effect of pruning mother suckers on daughter sucker production, growth and development of nursery seedlings of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum ) is reported. The number of suckers produced was significantly higher in seedlings pruned at 5 months of age followed by seedlings pruned at 3 months of age. The study indicated that pruning was not helpful in in creasing biomass and hence it may not be necessary to remove apical meristem (mother sucker pruning) before transplanting of nursery seedlings.
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Influence of sowing methods on production of seedlings in cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2015Co-Authors: Siddagangaiah Siddagangaiah, Koshy John, M R SudharshanAbstract:The effect of different methods of seed sowing in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) was studied in relation to germination and growth of seedlings in the nursery at Mudigere (Karnataka, India). Seed requirement was less and germination percentage was significantly higher in dibblinglhill method of sowing compared to drillinglline method. Height of seedlings, number of leaves, leaf area, number of tillers, fresh weight, dry weight per seedling and percentage of standard seedlings (4-5 tillers/seedling) obtained at transplantable age were also significantly higher in dibblinglhill sowing method.
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Effect of different methods of planting and spacing on growth and yield of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2015Co-Authors: Siddagangaiah Siddagangaiah, Krishnakumar, M R SudharshanAbstract:Experiments cop.ducted at Sakaleshpur (Karnataka, India) to study the effect of different methods of planting and spacing on growth and yield of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) indicated that trench method of planting (60 cm x 30 cm) at 2 m x 1 m spacing resulted in significantly better growth and yield.
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Seasonal population of cardamom thrips ( Sciothrips cardamomi (Ramk.) on three cultivar types of cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 2015Co-Authors: Jasvir Singh, M R Sudharshan, M Tamil SelvanAbstract:The seasonal population of cardamom thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi) and its damage to capsules was assessed on three Cllitivar types (Malabar, Vazhukka and Mysore) of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) at Saklespur (Karnataka, India) during 1990-92. Thrips population was high during pre-and post-monsoon periods in all the cultivar types. There were significant differences in thrips damage on the capsules in the three cultivar types. There was no significant correlation between abiotic factors and thrips population. The cultivar type Malabar, mainly grown in Karnataka, recorded about 50% less damage than the other cultivar types. Mean thrips damage on capsules during the three years of study in Malabar, Vazhukka and Mysore cultivam types were 28.44%, 57.92% and 62.55%, respectively.
Suman Chowdhury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alpha terpinyl acetate a natural monoterpenoid from Elettaria cardamomum as multi target directed ligand in alzheimer s disease
Journal of Functional Foods, 2020Co-Authors: Suman Chowdhury, Suresh KumarAbstract:Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive deficit. Various drug targets implicated in AD are β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, cholinesterase enzymes, and free radicals. Plants derived phytoconstituents provides a vast pool of diverse compounds as a source of novel drugs. In view of this, the Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton. extract and its active phytoconstituents alpha-terpinyl acetate were used to study the disease-modifying effects in AD. The present study successfully demonstrated for the first time the therapeutic potential of alpha-terpinyl acetate as it binds to multiple drug targets, resulting in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme, reduced Aβ induced neurotoxicity, reduced hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and anti-amyloidogenic property. In conclusion, alpha-terpinyl acetate can be used as a suitable lead to develop a molecule that might have multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) potential and disease amelioration effects in AD.
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Alpha-terpinyl acetate: A natural monoterpenoid from Elettaria cardamomum as multi-target directed ligand in Alzheimer’s disease
Journal of Functional Foods, 2020Co-Authors: Suman Chowdhury, Suresh KumarAbstract:Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive deficit. Various drug targets implicated in AD are β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, cholinesterase enzymes, and free radicals. Plants derived phytoconstituents provides a vast pool of diverse compounds as a source of novel drugs. In view of this, the Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton. extract and its active phytoconstituents alpha-terpinyl acetate were used to study the disease-modifying effects in AD. The present study successfully demonstrated for the first time the therapeutic potential of alpha-terpinyl acetate as it binds to multiple drug targets, resulting in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme, reduced Aβ induced neurotoxicity, reduced hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and anti-amyloidogenic property. In conclusion, alpha-terpinyl acetate can be used as a suitable lead to develop a molecule that might have multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) potential and disease amelioration effects in AD.