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Lihua Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in pre-weaned dairy calves in Guangdong, China
Parasites & vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Yuanyuan Feng, Martin Kvac, Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Xiaoqing Gong, Kexin Zhu, Yabiao Weng, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Background Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi are common enteric pathogens in humans and animals. Data on the transmission of these pathogens are scarce from Guangdong, China, which has a subtropical monsoon climate and is the epicenter for many emerging infectious diseases. This study was conducted to better understand the prevalence and identity of the three pathogens in pre-weaned dairy calves in Guangdong.
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Host-adapted Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Adekunle B. Ayinmode, Yaoyu Feng, Hongwei Zhang, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Few data are available on the distribution and human infective potential of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in bats. In this preliminary study, we collected 109 fecal specimens during April–July 2011 from a colony of straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in an urban park (Agodi Gardens) of Ibadan, Nigeria, and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and E. Bieneusi using PCR targeting the small subunit rRNA gene, triosephosphate isomerase gene, and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, respectively. Genotypes of these enteric parasites were determined by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Altogether, 6 (5.5%), 0 and 16 (14.7%) specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. Bieneusi, respectively. DNA sequence analysis of the PCR products indicated the presence of two novel Cryptosporidium genotypes named as bat genotype XIV (in 5 specimens) and bat genotype XV (in 1 specimen) and one known E. Bieneusi genotype (Type IV in 1 specimen) and two novel E. Bieneusi genotypes (Bat1 in 13 specimens and Bat2 in 2 specimens). In phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, the two novel Cryptosporidium genotypes were genetically related to Bat genotype II previously identified in fruit bats in China and Philippines, whereas the two novel E. Bieneusi genotypes were genetically related to Group 5, which contains several known genotypes from primates. With the exception of Type IV, none of the Cryptosporidium and E. Bieneusi genotypes found in bats in this study are known human pathogens. Thus, straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria are mainly infected with host-adapted Cryptosporidium and E. Bieneusi genotypes. Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon Bieneusi, Fruit bat, Host-adapted genotype
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genetic diversity within dominant Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in pre weaned calves
Parasites & Vectors, 2018Co-Authors: Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Lin Wang, Chuanxiang Tang, Min Cai, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Cattle are commonly infected with the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon Bieneusi. Sequence characterization of E. Bieneusi in these animals at the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus had identified I, J and BEB4 as the dominant genotypes. However, current studies on E. Bieneusi in dairy cattle are mostly on infection rates and genotype distribution. This study aims to examine the intragenotypic diversity within dominant E. Bieneusi genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves in Shanghai, China. Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes and subtypes were identified by PCR sequence analysis of ITS and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), based on material from farms. Chi-square test was used to examine differences in E. Bieneusi infection rates between farms or age groups. The overall infection rate of E. Bieneusi was 26.5% (214/809), ranging from 12.6% (Farm 5) to 38.5% (Farm 4). Infection rates increased with age during early life, with the peak infection rate (43.0%; 43/100) occurring at six weeks. Four genotypes were present, including J (n = 145, 67.8%), BEB4 (n = 59, 27.6%), CHN4 (n = 4, 1.9%) and CHN15 (n = 1, 0.5%), with the former two belonging to Group 2 and the latter two belonging to Group 1. Differences were detected in the distribution of the dominant genotypes J and BEB4 among five study farms. Altogether, 10 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified in the two dominant ITS genotypes, including MLG-J1 to MLG-J8 of genotype J and MLG-B1 to MLG-B2 of genotype BEB4. MLG-B1 and MLG-B2 were recovered in Farms 1, 2 and 5, whereas MLG-J1 to MLG-J5 and MLG-J6 to MLG-J8 were found in Farms 3 and 4, respectively. There is extensive genetic heterogeneity within the dominant E. Bieneusi genotypes J and BEB4 in dairy calves in Shanghai, China, and MLST should be used in molecular epidemiological studies of E. Bieneusi in cattle.
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Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in tibetan sheep and yaks
Parasitology Research, 2018Co-Authors: Qiang Zhang, Jinzhong Cai, Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Mengtong Lei, Li Wang, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Few studies have been conducted on the distribution of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in Tibetan sheep and yaks, which live outdoors in extreme climate with high altitude. In this study, fecal specimens from 312 Tibetan sheep and 554 yaks in Qinghai, China, were collected and examined for E. Bieneusi by PCR-sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer. Among them, 73 (23.4%) specimens from Tibetan sheep and 40 (7.2%) from yaks were positive for E. Bieneusi. There were eight E. Bieneusi genotypes in Tibetan sheep, including three known ones (BEB6, COS-I, and NESH5) and five novel ones (named as CHS13-CHS17). Similarly, seven E. Bieneusi genotypes were found in yaks, including five known ones (J, BEB4, BEB6, COS-I, and NESH5) and two novel ones (named as CHN13 and CHN14). Most of the E. Bieneusi genotypes and all frequent ones identified in the study belonged to group 2. One new subgroup of genotypes was identified within group 1. The distribution of E. Bieneusi genotypes was different between Tibetan sheep and yaks, with BEB6 as the dominant one (42.5%) in Tibetan sheep and J as the dominant one (47.5%) in yaks. These data support the occurrence of host adaptation among E. Bieneusi genotypes within group 2.
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Genetic diversity within dominant Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in pre-weaned calves
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Chuanxiang Tang, Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Lin Wang, Min Cai, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Abstract Background Cattle are commonly infected with the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon Bieneusi. Sequence characterization of E. Bieneusi in these animals at the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus had identified I, J and BEB4 as the dominant genotypes. However, current studies on E. Bieneusi in dairy cattle are mostly on infection rates and genotype distribution. This study aims to examine the intragenotypic diversity within dominant E. Bieneusi genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves in Shanghai, China. Methods Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes and subtypes were identified by PCR sequence analysis of ITS and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), based on material from farms. Chi-square test was used to examine differences in E. Bieneusi infection rates between farms or age groups. Results The overall infection rate of E. Bieneusi was 26.5% (214/809), ranging from 12.6% (Farm 5) to 38.5% (Farm 4). Infection rates increased with age during early life, with the peak infection rate (43.0%; 43/100) occurring at six weeks. Four genotypes were present, including J (n = 145, 67.8%), BEB4 (n = 59, 27.6%), CHN4 (n = 4, 1.9%) and CHN15 (n = 1, 0.5%), with the former two belonging to Group 2 and the latter two belonging to Group 1. Differences were detected in the distribution of the dominant genotypes J and BEB4 among five study farms. Altogether, 10 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified in the two dominant ITS genotypes, including MLG-J1 to MLG-J8 of genotype J and MLG-B1 to MLG-B2 of genotype BEB4. MLG-B1 and MLG-B2 were recovered in Farms 1, 2 and 5, whereas MLG-J1 to MLG-J5 and MLG-J6 to MLG-J8 were found in Farms 3 and 4, respectively. Conclusions There is extensive genetic heterogeneity within the dominant E. Bieneusi genotypes J and BEB4 in dairy calves in Shanghai, China, and MLST should be used in molecular epidemiological studies of E. Bieneusi in cattle
Martin Kvac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in pre-weaned dairy calves in Guangdong, China
Parasites & vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Yuanyuan Feng, Martin Kvac, Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Xiaoqing Gong, Kexin Zhu, Yabiao Weng, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Background Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi are common enteric pathogens in humans and animals. Data on the transmission of these pathogens are scarce from Guangdong, China, which has a subtropical monsoon climate and is the epicenter for many emerging infectious diseases. This study was conducted to better understand the prevalence and identity of the three pathogens in pre-weaned dairy calves in Guangdong.
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Dual infection of urinary tract with Enterocytozoon Bieneusi and Encephalitozoon cuniculi in HIV/AIDS patients
Annals of parasitology, 2019Co-Authors: Maria Wesołowska, Marta Kicia, Martin Kvac, Bohumil Sak, Żaneta Kopacz, Bartosz Szetela, Weronika Rymer, Rusłan SałamatinAbstract:Microsporidia are emerging pathogens which cause an opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS. Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most recognized infection, whereas urinary tract infections caused by microsporidia are rarely paid attention to either due to their subclinical course or diagnostic difficulties. In this report dual microsporidial infection of urinary tract, caused by Enterocytozoon Bieneusi and Encephalitozoon cuniculi was described in HIV/AIDS patients under cART therapy. Since microsporidiosis can cause severe complications or even death in immunosuppressed patients, our results suggest that microsporidial infection should be included in routine investigation of HIV-positive patients, even asymptomatic.
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Respiratory microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in an HIV-negative hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient
Elsevier, 2018Co-Authors: Marta Kicia, Martin Kvac, Bohumil Sak, Mariola Sędzimirska, Maria Wesołowska, Andrzej B. Hendrich, Żaneta KopaczAbstract:A 23-year-old, HIV-negative woman who had undergone a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was admitted to the hospital with respiratory failure and symptoms of bronchiolitis obliterans. A chest computed tomography scan revealed diffuse ground-glass opacification and fibrous plugs. Due to worsening respiratory failure despite treatment, ventilation was provided through a tracheostomy tube. Molecular examination of bronchoalveolar lavage and urine revealed Enterocytozoon Bieneusi infection. After treatment with albendazole the patient gradually improved, but the pathogen was not eradicated and reappeared on follow-up examination. E. Bieneusi belongs to the most clinically important microsporidial species infecting humans, mostly those who are immunocompromised. This fungus tends to infect enterocytes of the intestine, and there are limited studies concerning its extraintestinal location. This is the first report of a case of disseminated respiratory and urinary E. Bieneusi infection in a transplant recipient. Keywords: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi, Respiratory tract infection, Hematopoietic stem cell transplan
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Cryptosporidium parvum and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in American Mustangs and Chincoteague ponies
Experimental parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Pavla Wagnerová, Bohumil Sak, Michael Rost, John Mcevoy, Dawn M. Sherwood, Kevin Holcomb, Martin KvacAbstract:The prevalence of Cryptosporidium and microsporidia in feral horses, which have minimal contact with livestock and humans, is not currently known. We report the findings of a study on Cryptosporidium and microsporidia in 34 Mustangs and 50 Chincoteague ponies in the USA. Fecal samples were screened for presence of Cryptosporidium spp. by analysis of the small-subunit rRNA (SSU) and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes, and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. by analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). Cryptosporidium spp. and E. Bieneusi were detected in 28/84 (33.3%) and 7/84 (8.3%) samples, respectively. Sequence analysis of SSU and ITS revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 20) and E. Bieneusi genotype horse 1 (n = 7), respectively. Subtyping of C. parvum isolates at the gp60 locus showed the presence of subtype IIaA17G2R1 in Mustangs and subtypes IIaA13G2R1 and IIaA15G2R1 in Chincoteague ponies. Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotype horse 1 was detected in Mustangs (n = 2) and Chincoteague ponies (n = 5). No Cryptosporidium or E. Bieneusi positive animals had diarrhea. The finding that Mustangs and Chincoteague ponies are host to the zoonotic pathogen C. parvum suggests that their infrequent contact with humans and livestock is sufficient to maintain transmission; however, we should also consider the possibility that C. parvum is an established parasite of Mustangs and Chincoteague ponies that persists in these animals independently of contact with humans or livestock.
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Do Cryptosporidium spp., Encephalitozoon spp., Enterocytozoon Bieneusi and Giardia spp. Pose Any Risk to Orangutans?
2015Co-Authors: Anna Mynářová, Martin Kvac, Michael Rost, Ivona Foitová, Dana Květoňová, Helen C. Morrogh-bernard, Wisnu Nurcahyo, Cathleen Nguyen, Bohumil SakAbstract:The orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) are critically endangered mainly as the result of loss and fragmentation of their natural habitat which leads to their closer contact with human population and consequently to the higher risk of pathogen transmission. Consequently, this proximity can pose another serious threat as orangutans are susceptible to many human pathogens and vice versa. Therefore, two hundred and twenty seven orangutans at six different sites on Sumatra and Borneo were sampled to the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp., Encephalitozoon spp., Enterocytozoon Bieneusi and Giardia spp. Out of the total of 228 examined animals 37 were positive for tested parasites (16.2 %). The most prevalent was Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype II found in 25 animals (11 %); Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotype D was detected in seven individuals (3.1 %) and Cryptosporidium spp., including C. muris and C. parvum type A and B, in eight animals (3.5 %). To the best of our knowledge, these parasites were documented in orangutans for the first time. Giardia intestinalis was identified in single individual (assemblage B, subtype MB6). The most of Cryptosporidium spp. infections were detected in individuals with close human contact. In addition, the findings revealed higher prevalence of E. cuniculi at localities on Sumatra. Acknowledgment: Funded by Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (P505-11-1163) and Foundation \UMI-Saving of Pongidae".
Longxian Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host-adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China.
Parasites & vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Yangwenna Cao, Aiyun Zhao, Haiyan Wang, Qiang Liu, Longxian ZhangAbstract:Enterocytozoon Bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. The coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. Bieneusi infections have been reported and the distribution of genotypes and zoonotic potential remains unknown. A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection rate and the distribution of genotypes of E. Bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Enterocytozoon Bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including three known genotypes (CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7)) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). The rare genotype CHN4 was the most common genotype in the present study, and the transmission dynamics of E. Bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. Bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. Bieneusi in coypus may be a potential infection source to humans.
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Host-adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China
2020Co-Authors: Yangwenna Cao, Aiyun Zhao, Haiyan Wang, Qiang Liu, Longxian ZhangAbstract:Abstract Background: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. The coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. Bieneusi infections have been reported and the distribution of genotypes and zoonotic potential remains unknown.Methods: A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection rate and the distribution of genotypes of E. Bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene.Results: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including three known genotypes (CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7)) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). Conclusions: The rare genotype CHN4 was the most common genotype in the present study, and the transmission dynamics of E. Bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. Bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. Bieneusi in coypus may be a potential infection source to humans.
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Evidence for Zoonotic Potential of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Its First Molecular Characterization in Captive Mammals at Bangladesh National Zoo.
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Robiul Karim, Zhenjie Zhang, Farzana Islam Rume, Abu Nasar Md. Aminoor Rahman, Longxian ZhangAbstract:To determine the occurrence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in captive mammals at Bangladesh National Zoo and to assess their zoonotic significance, 200 fecal samples from 32 mammalian species were examined using a nested PCR and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. Enterocytozoon Bieneusi was detected in 16.5% (33/200) of the samples. Seven different ITS genotypes were identified, including two known genotypes (D and J) and five new ones (BAN4 to BAN8). Genotype D was the most common genotype being observed in 19 isolates. In phylogenetic analysis, four genotypes (D, BAN4, BAN5, and BAN6), detected in 30 isolates (90.9%), belonged to Group 1 having zoonotic potential. The sequence of genotype J found in a Malayan pangolin was clustered in so-called ruminant-specific Group 2. The other two genotypes BAN7 and BAN8 were clustered in primate-specific Group 5. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular characterization of E. Bieneusi in Bangladesh, particularly in captive-bred wildlife in this country. The potentially zoonotic genotypes of E. Bieneusi are maintained in zoo mammals that may transmit among these animals and to the humans through environmental contamination or contact.
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Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in China.
Acta tropica, 2018Co-Authors: Sha-sha Wang, Rongjun Wang, Longxian Zhang, Xian-cheng Fan, Tingli Liu, Guang-hui ZhaoAbstract:Abstract Enterocytozoon Bieneusi has been considered as the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans and various animal species, accounting for more than 90% of the cases of human microsporidiosis. Spores of this pathogen excreted from both symptomatic and asymptomatic hosts into environment also would be an important source of waterborne outbreak of microsporidiosis. Due to limited effective drugs available but with too much side effects to mammals (eg. toxic), accurate characterization of E. Bieneusi in both humans and animals is essential to implement effective control strategies to this pathogen. In China, E. Bieneusi infection was presented in humans and some animals with high prevalence. Analysis of genetic variations of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences found 361 genotypes in China, and some novel genotypes were identified in some specific hosts. Additionally, associations between infections and some risk factors were also observed. In the present article, we reviewed the current status of prevalence, genotypes, multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in humans, various animals and waters in China. These findings will provide basic information for developing effective control strategies against E. Bieneusi infection in China as well as other countries.
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new genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi isolated from sika deer and red deer in china
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Jianying Huang, Zhenjie Zhang, Fuchun Jian, Rongjun Wang, Changshen Ning, Jinfeng Zhao, Yong Yang, Longxian ZhangAbstract:To examine the occurrence and genotype distribution of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in cervids, 615 fecal samples were collected from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) on 10 different farms in Henan and Jilin Province. Enterocytozoon Bieneusi was identified and genotyped with a nested PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA genes, showing an average infection rate of 35.9% (221/615). In this study, 25 ITS genotypes were identified including seven known genotypes (BEB6, EbpC, EbpA, D, HLJDI, HLJD-IV, and COS-I) and 18 novel genotypes (designated JLD-I to JLD-XIV, HND-I to HND-IV). Among these, BEB6 (131/221, 59.3%) was the predominant genotype (P < 0.01), followed by HLJDI (18/221, 8.1%) and JLD-VIII (16/221, 7.2%). BEB6 has recently been detected in humans and nonhuman primates in China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that BEB6, HLJDI, HLJD-IV, COS-I, and 10 novel genotypes (JLD-VII to JLD-XIV, HND-III to HND-IV) clustered in group 2. Genotype D, EbpC, and EbpA, known to cause human microsporidiosis worldwide, clustered in group 1, the members of which have zoonotic potential, together with eight novel genotypes (JLD-I to JLD-VI, HND-I to HND-II). Therefore, deer may play a role in the transmission of E. Bieneusi to humans. Key words: Enterocytozoon Bieneusi, genotyping, internal transcribed spacer, deer.
Mathirut Mungthin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carriage Rate of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in an Orphanage in Bangkok, Thailand
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Watcharee Pagornrat, Saovanee Leelayoova, Ram Rangsin, Peerapan Tan-ariya, Tawee Naaglor, Mathirut MungthinAbstract:This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for Enterocytozoon Bieneusi carriage in an orphanage in Bangkok, Thailand. E. Bieneusi has been identified by PCR every 2 consecutive months since June 2003. The incidence ranged between 0.6 and 4.7/100 person-months. Person-to-person transmission was indicated by risk factor analysis and genotyping information.
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Genotypic Characterization of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Specimens from Pigs and Humans in a Pig Farm Community in Central Thailand
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Saovanee Leelayoova, Ittisak Subrungruang, Tawee Naaglor, Phunlerd Piyaraj, Wacharee Pagornrat, Sirowan Phumklan, Paanjit Taamasri, Jiraporn Suwanasri, Mathirut MungthinAbstract:We determined that 15.7% of pigs and 1.4% of humans in a pig farm community in central Thailand harbored Enterocytozoon Bieneusi. Genotyping of E. Bieneusi from pigs showed genotypes O, E, and H. However, only genotype A was found in human subjects. This indicates nonzoonotic transmission of E. Bieneusi in this community.
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Identification of Genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi from Stool Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Thailand
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Saovanee Leelayoova, Ittisak Subrungruang, Yupin Suputtamongkol, Jeerapun Worapong, Porntip Chavalitshewinkoon Petmitr, Mathirut MungthinAbstract:We identified genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi from 33 stool samples of Thai human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adult patients. Genotype D was identified at the highest frequency (36.4%), while genotype E was the second most common (15.1%). Genotypes O and PigEBITS 7, previously found only in pigs, were observed in Thai HIV-infected patients. Phylogenetic analysis supported a zoonotic nature for E. Bieneusi.
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The Zoonotic Potential of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Thailand
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: Mathirut Mungthin, Ittisak Subrungruang, Saovanee LeelayoovaAbstract:Enterocytozoon Bieneusi is the most common microsporidia that causes disease in immunocompromised hosts, especially in AIDS patients. E. Bieneusi has been reported in a wide range of animals, including domestic, wild and farm animals. Using molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis, the zoonotic potential of E. Bieneusi to cause disease is indeed a threat. Transmission from animals to humans should be investigated and whether it occurs naturally, before we can address the whole subject of zoonotic transmission of E. Bieneusi infection.
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Transmission of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotype a in a Thai orphanage.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2005Co-Authors: Saovanee Leelayoova, Ittisak Subrungruang, Ram Rangsin, Tawee Naaglor, Porntip Chavalitshewinkoon-petmitr, Jeerapan Worapong, Mathirut MungthinAbstract:A cross-sectional study of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi infection in children who lived in an orphanage in Bangkok, Thailand was conducted in April 2003. Two hundred ninety stool specimens were collected and examined under light microscopy after staining with gram-chromotrope. Confirmation of E. Bieneusi was done using transmission electron microscopy. Of 290 samples, 12 (4.1%) were positive for E. Bieneusi. Genotypic characterization of 10 E. Bieneusi showed that all were genotype A, which might indicate the same source of infection. Multivariate analysis showed that orphans who were 12-23 months old, girls, and living in one particular house were independently associated with E. Bieneusi infection. Our study suggests that E. Bieneusi infection in this orphanage might be transmitted person to person.
Yaoyu Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host Specificity of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi and Public Health Implications.
Trends in parasitology, 2019Co-Authors: Yaoyu Feng, Mónica SantínAbstract:Enterocytozoon Bieneusi is the most common cause of human microsporidiosis and it also infects a wide range of mammals and birds worldwide. The role of animals in the transmission of this parasite to humans and its public health importance remain poorly elucidated. This review summarizes all E. Bieneusi genotypes identified thus far based on sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) from specimens obtained from humans, domestic and wild animals, and water sources; it examines genotypes, host and geographical distribution, analyzes inter- and intragenotype group host specificity, and interprets the public health significance of genotype groups and major zoonotic genotypes, with the goal of improving our understanding of host specificity in E. Bieneusi and its implications for interspecies and zoonotic transmission.
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Prevalence and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in pre-weaned dairy calves in Guangdong, China
Parasites & vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Yuanyuan Feng, Martin Kvac, Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Xiaoqing Gong, Kexin Zhu, Yabiao Weng, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Background Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi are common enteric pathogens in humans and animals. Data on the transmission of these pathogens are scarce from Guangdong, China, which has a subtropical monsoon climate and is the epicenter for many emerging infectious diseases. This study was conducted to better understand the prevalence and identity of the three pathogens in pre-weaned dairy calves in Guangdong.
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Host-adapted Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Adekunle B. Ayinmode, Yaoyu Feng, Hongwei Zhang, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Few data are available on the distribution and human infective potential of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in bats. In this preliminary study, we collected 109 fecal specimens during April–July 2011 from a colony of straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in an urban park (Agodi Gardens) of Ibadan, Nigeria, and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and E. Bieneusi using PCR targeting the small subunit rRNA gene, triosephosphate isomerase gene, and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, respectively. Genotypes of these enteric parasites were determined by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Altogether, 6 (5.5%), 0 and 16 (14.7%) specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. Bieneusi, respectively. DNA sequence analysis of the PCR products indicated the presence of two novel Cryptosporidium genotypes named as bat genotype XIV (in 5 specimens) and bat genotype XV (in 1 specimen) and one known E. Bieneusi genotype (Type IV in 1 specimen) and two novel E. Bieneusi genotypes (Bat1 in 13 specimens and Bat2 in 2 specimens). In phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, the two novel Cryptosporidium genotypes were genetically related to Bat genotype II previously identified in fruit bats in China and Philippines, whereas the two novel E. Bieneusi genotypes were genetically related to Group 5, which contains several known genotypes from primates. With the exception of Type IV, none of the Cryptosporidium and E. Bieneusi genotypes found in bats in this study are known human pathogens. Thus, straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria are mainly infected with host-adapted Cryptosporidium and E. Bieneusi genotypes. Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon Bieneusi, Fruit bat, Host-adapted genotype
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genetic diversity within dominant Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in pre weaned calves
Parasites & Vectors, 2018Co-Authors: Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Lin Wang, Chuanxiang Tang, Min Cai, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Cattle are commonly infected with the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon Bieneusi. Sequence characterization of E. Bieneusi in these animals at the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus had identified I, J and BEB4 as the dominant genotypes. However, current studies on E. Bieneusi in dairy cattle are mostly on infection rates and genotype distribution. This study aims to examine the intragenotypic diversity within dominant E. Bieneusi genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves in Shanghai, China. Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes and subtypes were identified by PCR sequence analysis of ITS and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), based on material from farms. Chi-square test was used to examine differences in E. Bieneusi infection rates between farms or age groups. The overall infection rate of E. Bieneusi was 26.5% (214/809), ranging from 12.6% (Farm 5) to 38.5% (Farm 4). Infection rates increased with age during early life, with the peak infection rate (43.0%; 43/100) occurring at six weeks. Four genotypes were present, including J (n = 145, 67.8%), BEB4 (n = 59, 27.6%), CHN4 (n = 4, 1.9%) and CHN15 (n = 1, 0.5%), with the former two belonging to Group 2 and the latter two belonging to Group 1. Differences were detected in the distribution of the dominant genotypes J and BEB4 among five study farms. Altogether, 10 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified in the two dominant ITS genotypes, including MLG-J1 to MLG-J8 of genotype J and MLG-B1 to MLG-B2 of genotype BEB4. MLG-B1 and MLG-B2 were recovered in Farms 1, 2 and 5, whereas MLG-J1 to MLG-J5 and MLG-J6 to MLG-J8 were found in Farms 3 and 4, respectively. There is extensive genetic heterogeneity within the dominant E. Bieneusi genotypes J and BEB4 in dairy calves in Shanghai, China, and MLST should be used in molecular epidemiological studies of E. Bieneusi in cattle.
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Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in tibetan sheep and yaks
Parasitology Research, 2018Co-Authors: Qiang Zhang, Jinzhong Cai, Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Mengtong Lei, Li Wang, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Few studies have been conducted on the distribution of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi genotypes in Tibetan sheep and yaks, which live outdoors in extreme climate with high altitude. In this study, fecal specimens from 312 Tibetan sheep and 554 yaks in Qinghai, China, were collected and examined for E. Bieneusi by PCR-sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer. Among them, 73 (23.4%) specimens from Tibetan sheep and 40 (7.2%) from yaks were positive for E. Bieneusi. There were eight E. Bieneusi genotypes in Tibetan sheep, including three known ones (BEB6, COS-I, and NESH5) and five novel ones (named as CHS13-CHS17). Similarly, seven E. Bieneusi genotypes were found in yaks, including five known ones (J, BEB4, BEB6, COS-I, and NESH5) and two novel ones (named as CHN13 and CHN14). Most of the E. Bieneusi genotypes and all frequent ones identified in the study belonged to group 2. One new subgroup of genotypes was identified within group 1. The distribution of E. Bieneusi genotypes was different between Tibetan sheep and yaks, with BEB6 as the dominant one (42.5%) in Tibetan sheep and J as the dominant one (47.5%) in yaks. These data support the occurrence of host adaptation among E. Bieneusi genotypes within group 2.