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Donald L Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pgpr to alleviate the stress of suboptimal Root Zone Temperature on leguminous plant growth
2014Co-Authors: Narjes Dashti, Donald L Smith, Vineetha M CherianAbstract:Suboptimal Root Zone Temperatures (RZT) can cause considerable stress to plant growth, especially leguminous plants such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Cool Root Zone Temperatures impair the ability of plants to acquire nutrients, decrease Root and shoot growth, and affect legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a specific group of microorganisms that can colonize plant Roots and stimulate plant growth and development. PGPR can increase early season nodulation and total seasonal nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean growing in an area with cool spring soils. The ability of PGPR to stimulate soybean nodulation and growth was shown to be related to their ability to colonize soybean Roots, and this was shown to be related to RZT. All steps in early nodulation were stimulated by the presence of PGPR. The beneficial effects of PGPR are exerted through a diffusible molecule excreted into the growth medium. The addition of genistein, a plant-to-bacteria signal molecule, already shown to stimulate soybean N2 fixation at low RZT, plus PGPR causes increases in soybean nodulation, N2 fixation, and growth that were greater than those caused by the addition of PGPR alone, but only at 25 and 17.5 °C, and not at 15 °C RZT.
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using signal molecule genistein to alleviate the stress of suboptimal Root Zone Temperature on soybean bradyrhizobium symbiosis under different soil textures
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2008Co-Authors: Mohammad Miransari, Donald L SmithAbstract:Abstract Suboptimal Root Zone Temperatures (RZTs) (below 25°C) in Canada until July may adversely affect the secretion of interorganismal signal molecules such as genistein by soybean and hence, the soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. We also proposed for the first time that soil texture might play a role in these biochemical communications. Soybean plants, planted in undisturbed soil samples (with sandy, loamy and clay textures), collected from the field, were subjected to three different soil Temperatures (14, 19 and 24°C). Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain 532C) inocula, preincubated with four levels of genistein (0, 5, 10 and 20 µM), were used to inoculate the plants. The experiment was conducted at the research greenhouse of Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Canada. The effects of genistein 5 and 20 µM on soybean nodulation and growth were significant at 14°C. As genistein was more effective in loamy and clay soils, soil texture may also be a determining factor in the biochemical communications betwe...
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low Root Zone Temperature effects on bean phaseolus vulgaris l plants inoculated with rhizobium leguminosarum bv phaseoli pre incubated with methyl jasmonate and or genistein
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2005Co-Authors: K Poustini, Fazli Mabood, Donald L SmithAbstract:Abstract Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has recently been shown to act as a plant-to-bacteria signal. We tested the hypothesis that pre-induction of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells with genistein and/or MeJA would at least partially overcome the negative effects of low Root Zone Temperature (RZT) on bean nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Otebo bean plants were grown at constant air Temperature (25oC) and two RZT regimes (25 and 17oC) and inoculated with R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli pre-induced with MeJA and/or genistein. Our results indicate that low RZT inhibited nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth. The plants growing at low RZT began fixing nitrogen seven days later compared to those at higher RZT. The low RZT plants had fewer nodules, lower nodule weight, less N fixation, slower plant growth, fewer leaves, smaller leaf area, and less dry matter accumulation comared to plants at a higher RZT. Rhzobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli cells induced with genistein and/or MeJA enhan...
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co inoculation dose and Root Zone Temperature for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on soybean glycine max l merr grown in soil less media
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Trevor C Charles, Donald L SmithAbstract:Abstract Inoculation dose affects the efficacy of bacterial inoculants applied in agriculture. Effects of the co-inoculation dose of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, Serratia proteamaculans 1-102 and S. liquefaciens 2-68, with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation were investigated under controlled Root Zone Temperatures (RZTs; 25, 20 and 15 °C) in soil-less media. The results showed that the effective dose range for both PGPR strains is 10 7 –10 9 and their optimal co-inoculation dose was 1×10 8 cells per seedling. This was not affected by RZT. The co-inoculation of PGPR at their optimal dose increased nodule number, plant dry weight and fixed nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation efficiency was also improved by the co-inoculations. Use of nodulation dynamic linear models made the quantitative description of the nodulation process possible. The calculated dynamic parameters revealed that PGPR co-inoculation shortened the nodule initiation time and increased the nodulation rate.
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application of ga3 and kinetin to improve corn and soybean seedling emergence at low Temperature
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1996Co-Authors: Qingxiang Wang, Feng Zhang, Donald L SmithAbstract:Abstract Plant growth regulators (PGRs) affect the emergence rate and percent emergence of crop seedlings. Our previous studies demonstrated that gibberellic acid (GA) and kinetin stimulate corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed germination under low Temperature conditions and that at a Root Zone Temperature (RZT) of 10°C soybean seedlings grow very slowly, even through the air Temperature was 25°C. Because the presence of added PGRs in the rhizosphere and seedling tissues will continue to affect early development after germination, and because some PGRs are synthesized in the Roots and so would be affected by low RZT, two controlled environment experiments were conducted to examine the effect of GA3 and kinetin on seedling emergence and early seedling development at a 10°C RZT. At 10°C, GA3 and kinetin stimulated corn and soybean seedling emergence and improved corn and soybean seedling development; GA3 was more effective than kinetin at promoting seedling emergence and development of corn and soybean; of the concentrations tested, 0.1 mM was the most effective.
Sing Kong Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Root Zone co2 and Root Zone Temperature effects on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of aeroponically grown lettuce lactuca sativa l in the tropics
Photosynthetica, 2013Co-Authors: Lin Qin, Sing Kong LeeAbstract:Effects of elevated Root-Zone (RZ) CO2 concentration (RZ [CO2]) and RZ Temperature (RZT) on photosynthesis, productivity, nitrate (NO3 −), total reduced nitrogen (TRN), total leaf soluble and Rubisco proteins were studied in aeroponically grown lettuce plants in a tropical greenhouse. Three weeks after transplanting, four different RZ [CO2] concentrations (ambient, 360 ppm, and elevated concentrations of 2,000; 10,000; and 50,000 ppm) were imposed on plants at 20°C-RZT or ambient(A)-RZT (24–38°C). Elevated RZ [CO2] resulted in significantly higher light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, but lower light-saturated stomatal conductance. Higher elevated RZ [CO2] also protected plants from both chronic and dynamic photoinhibition (measured by chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm ratio) and reduced leaf water loss. Under each RZ [CO2], all these variables were significantly higher in 20°C-RZT plants than in A-RZT plants. All plants accumulated more biomass at elevated RZ [CO2] than at ambient RZ [CO2]. Greater increases of biomass in Roots than in shoots were manifested by lower shoot/Root ratios at elevated RZ [CO2]. Although the total biomass was higher at 20°C-RZT, the increase in biomass under elevated RZ [CO2] was greater at A-RZT. Shoot NO3 − and TRN concentrations, total leaf soluble and Rubisco protein concentrations were higher in all elevated RZ [CO2] plants than in plants under ambient RZ [CO2] at both RZTs. Under each RZ [CO2], total leaf soluble and Rubisco protein concentrations were significantly higher at 20°C-RZT than at A-RZT. Our results demonstrated that increased P Nmax and productivity under elevated [CO2] was partially due to the alleviation of midday water loss, both dynamic and chronic photoinhibition as well as higher turnover of Calvin cycle with higher Rubisco proteins.
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effects of elevated Root Zone co2 and Root Zone Temperature on productivity and photosynthesis of aeroponically grown lettuce plants
2013Co-Authors: Lin Qin, Sing Kong LeeAbstract:Elevated Root-Zone (RZ) [CO2] resulted in significantly higher maximal photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (A) but lower stomatal conductance (gs) in aeroponically grown temperate lettuce in the tropics. Higher midday leaf relative water content (RWC) was observed at elevated RZ [CO2]. Grown at 20 °C-RZ Temperature (RZT), all plants accumulated more biomass than at ambient (A)-RZT. The increase of biomass was greater in Roots than in shoots supported by lower shoot/Root ratio under elevated RZ [CO2]. The percentage increase in biomass under elevated RZ [CO2] was greater at A-RZT although the total biomass was higher at 20 °C-RZT. NO3 − and total reduced N concentrations of shoot and Root, total leaf soluble and Rubisco protein were significantly higher in all elevated RZ [CO2] plants than in ambine RZ [CO2] (360 ppm) at both RZTs. Roots, however, under each RZ [CO2] at A-RZT had significantly higher NO3 − and total reduced N concentration than at 20 °C-RZT. At each RZ [CO2], total leaf soluble and Rubisco protein concentration was significant greater at 20 °C-RZT than at A-RZT.
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interaction between potassium concentration and Root Zone Temperature on growth and photosynthesis of temperate lettuce grown in the tropics
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Hong Yi Luo, Sing Kong LeeAbstract:Lactuca sativa L. plants were grown at three Root-Zone Temperatures (RZTs): 25°C, 30°C and ambient RZT (A-RZT) on an aeroponic system. Three potassium (K) concentrations: −25% (minus K), control (standard K), and +25% (plus K) were supplied to plants at each RZT. Plants grown at the plus K and 25°C-RZT had the highest productivity, largest Root system and highest photosynthetic capacity. The minus K plants at 25°C-RZT had the highest shoot soluble carbohydrate (SC) concentration, but they had the highest Root SC concentration in the plus K plants at A-RZT. However, the highest starch concentration was found in both shoots and Roots of the plus K plants at 25°C-RZT. The plus K plants had the highest shoot K concentration at 25°C-RZT, but they had the highest Root K concentration at A-RZT. Highest proportion of absorbed K was partitioned to shoots when the plants were grown with the plus K at 25°C-RZT.
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Root Zone Temperature effects on photosynthesis 14c photoassimilate partitioning and growth of temperate lettuce lactuca sativa cv panama in the tropics
Photosynthetica, 2009Co-Authors: L. P. Tan, Sing Kong LeeAbstract:The effect of Root growth Temperature on maximal photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (P max), carbohydrate content, 14C-photoassimilate partitioning, growth, and Root morphology of lettuce was studied after transfer of the Root system from cool Root-Zone Temperature (C-RZT) of 20 °C to hot ambient-RZT (A-RZT) and vice versa. Four days after RZT transfer, P max and leaf total soluble sugar content were highest and lowest, respectively, in C-RZT and A-RZT plants. P max and total leaf soluble sugar content were much lower in plants transferred from C-to A-RZT (C→A-RZT) than in C-RZT plants. However, these two parameters were much higher in plants transferred from A-to C-RZT (A→C-RZT) than in A-RZT plants. A-RZT and C→A-RZT plants had higher Root total soluble sugar content than A→C-RZT and C-RZT plants. Leaf total insoluble sugar content was similar in leaves of all plants while it was the highest in the Roots of C-RZT plants. Developing leaves of C-RZT plants had higher 14C-photoassimilate content than A-RZT plants. The A→C-RZT plants also had higher 14C-photoassimilate content in their developing leaves than A-RZT plants. However, more 14C-photoassimilates were translocated to the Roots of A-RZT and C→A-RZT plants, but they were mainly used for Root thickening than for its elongation. Increases in leaf area, shoot and Root fresh mass were slower in C→A-RZT than in C-RZT plants. Conversely, A→C-RZT plants had higher increases in these parameters than A-RZT plants. Lower Root/shoot ratio (R/S) in C-RZT than in A-RZT plants confirmed that more photoassimilates were channelled to the shoots than to the Roots of C-RZT plants. Roots of C-RZT plants had greater total length with a greater number of tips and surface area, and smaller average diameter as compared to A-RZT plants. In C→A-RZT plants, there was Root thickening but the increases in its length, tip number and surface area decreased. The reverse was observed for A→C-RZT plants. These results further supported the idea that newly fixed photoassimilates contributed more to Root thickening than to Root elongation in A-RZT and C→A-RZT plants.
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photosynthetic utilization of radiant energy by temperate lettuce grown under natural tropical condition with manipulation of Root Zone Temperature
Photosynthetica, 2004Co-Authors: Sing Kong LeeAbstract:Photosynthetic utilization of radiant energy was studied by chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and maximum photosynthetic O2 evolution (Pmax) in temperate lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under natural tropical fluctuating ambient Temperatures but with their Roots exposed to two different Root-Zone Temperatures (RZTs): a constant 20 °C-RZT (RZT20) and a fluctuating ambient RZT (RZTa) from 23 to 40 °C. On a sunny day, irrespective of RZT, ΔF/Fm′ [ratio of the variable to maximal fluorescence under irradiation (the maximal photosystem 2 quantum yield with “actinic light”)] decreased and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased parallel to the increase of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). However, RZTa plants showed lower ΔF/Fm′ and higher NPQ than RZT20 plants. The electron transport rate (ETR) was much higher in RZT20 plants than in RZTa plants especially during moderately sunny days. There were no significant diurnal changes in Pmax although these values of RZT20 plants were much higher than those of RZTa plants. On cloudy days, no significant diurnal changes in ΔF/Fm′ and NPQ occurred, but ΔF/Fm′ was higher and NPQ was lower in RZT20 plants than in RZTa plants. Diurnal changes in ETR were also observed in all plants while Pmax values throughout the whole cloudy days in both RZT20 and RZTa plants were constant. Again, RZT20 plants had much higher values of Pmax than RZTa plants. During RZT transfer period, all Chl fluorescence parameters measured at midday fluctuated with PPFD. Impact of RZT on these parameters was observed 2–3 d after RZT transfer. ETR and Pmax measured with saturating PPFD in the laboratory did not vary with the fluctuating PPFD in the greenhouse but the effects of RZT on these two parameters were observed 3–4 d after RZT transfer. Thus RZT affects photosynthetic utilization of photon energy in temperate lettuce grown under natural tropical condition.
B Dell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Root Zone Temperature on oilseed rape brassica napus response to boron
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2006Co-Authors: R W Bell, B Dell, Longbin HuangAbstract:Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is sensitive to low boron (B) supply, and its growth response to B may be influenced by soil Temperature. To test the relationship between B and Temperature, oilseed rape (cv. Hyola 42) seedlings were grown at 10°C (low) Root Zone Temperature (RZT) with B supply from deficient to adequate B levels until growth of low B plants just began to slow down. Half of the pots were then transferred to 20°C (warm) RZT for 11 days before they were moved back to 10°C RZT for the final 4 days. Both plant dry mass and B uptake increased after plants were exposed to warm RZT. However, plant B deficiency was exacerbated by warm RZT in low B plants because of increased relative growth rate and shoot–Root ratio without a commensurate increase in B uptake rate. It is concluded that RZT above the critical threshold for chilling injury in oilseed rape can nevertheless affect the incidence of B deficiency by altering shoot–Root ratio and hence the balance between shoot B demand and B uptake.
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low Root Zone Temperature favours shoot b partitioning into young leaves of oilseed rape brassica napus
Physiologia Plantarum, 2003Co-Authors: Longbin Huang, R W Bell, B DellAbstract:In previous studies with tropical plant species, low Root Zone Temperature (RZT) induced boron (B) deficiency, but it is not known if the same response to RZT will be expressed in temperate species, like oilseed rape, that are more tolerant of low Temperature. The present experiments investigated the effect of RZT (10 and 20°C) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Hyola 42) response to B in solution culture, in summer and winter. Regardless of canopy growth conditions, low RZT (10°C) promoted the partitioning of shoot B to the actively growing leaves, especially when B supply was low. However, low RZT did not significantly alter net B uptake rates or plant biomass. Low RZT decreased the shoot-to-Root ratio, countering the effects of low B which increased it, leading to a decreased demand for B in the shoot at low RZT. At low B supply, B-deficiency symptoms appeared later at 10 than at 20°C, corresponding with higher B concentrations in the youngest fully opened leaves (YOLs) at 10°C RZT. Thus 10°C RZT increased the tolerance to low B supply. As a result, it is concluded that the effect of decreasing RZT on the responses of the temperate species, oilseed rape, to low B supply depends on whether the low RZT is above or below the optimal Root Temperature for growth.
Longbin Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Root Zone Temperature on oilseed rape brassica napus response to boron
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2006Co-Authors: R W Bell, B Dell, Longbin HuangAbstract:Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is sensitive to low boron (B) supply, and its growth response to B may be influenced by soil Temperature. To test the relationship between B and Temperature, oilseed rape (cv. Hyola 42) seedlings were grown at 10°C (low) Root Zone Temperature (RZT) with B supply from deficient to adequate B levels until growth of low B plants just began to slow down. Half of the pots were then transferred to 20°C (warm) RZT for 11 days before they were moved back to 10°C RZT for the final 4 days. Both plant dry mass and B uptake increased after plants were exposed to warm RZT. However, plant B deficiency was exacerbated by warm RZT in low B plants because of increased relative growth rate and shoot–Root ratio without a commensurate increase in B uptake rate. It is concluded that RZT above the critical threshold for chilling injury in oilseed rape can nevertheless affect the incidence of B deficiency by altering shoot–Root ratio and hence the balance between shoot B demand and B uptake.
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low Root Zone Temperature favours shoot b partitioning into young leaves of oilseed rape brassica napus
Physiologia Plantarum, 2003Co-Authors: Longbin Huang, R W Bell, B DellAbstract:In previous studies with tropical plant species, low Root Zone Temperature (RZT) induced boron (B) deficiency, but it is not known if the same response to RZT will be expressed in temperate species, like oilseed rape, that are more tolerant of low Temperature. The present experiments investigated the effect of RZT (10 and 20°C) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Hyola 42) response to B in solution culture, in summer and winter. Regardless of canopy growth conditions, low RZT (10°C) promoted the partitioning of shoot B to the actively growing leaves, especially when B supply was low. However, low RZT did not significantly alter net B uptake rates or plant biomass. Low RZT decreased the shoot-to-Root ratio, countering the effects of low B which increased it, leading to a decreased demand for B in the shoot at low RZT. At low B supply, B-deficiency symptoms appeared later at 10 than at 20°C, corresponding with higher B concentrations in the youngest fully opened leaves (YOLs) at 10°C RZT. Thus 10°C RZT increased the tolerance to low B supply. As a result, it is concluded that the effect of decreasing RZT on the responses of the temperate species, oilseed rape, to low B supply depends on whether the low RZT is above or below the optimal Root Temperature for growth.
Zengqiang Duan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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elevated Root Zone Temperature promotes the growth and alleviates the photosynthetic acclimation of cucumber plants exposed to elevated co2
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2021Co-Authors: Jinlong Dong, Nazim S Gruda, Zengqiang DuanAbstract:Abstract Greenhouse cultivation forms a relatively closed environment for heat preservation in winter, which inevitably leads to a lack of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]), and thus low [CO2] level has become a limiting factor for the photosynthesis and growth of greenhouse vegetables. Most cucurbits and solanaceous vegetables are sensitive to low Temperature, but it is difficult to keep the optimum Root-Zone Temperature (RZT) for them in greenhouse soil cultivation in winter. Therefore, low RZT is another limiting factor for greenhouse vegetables growth in winter. This study investigated the effects of [CO2], RZT, and their interactions on cucumber yield, growth, photosynthesis, and photosynthate allocation in four open-top chambers for a growth period of 73 days after transplanting. We found elevated RZT increased yield and total dry weight of cucumber plants to a greater extent than elevated [CO2]. We also observed long-term elevated [CO2] limited the increase of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and decreased the stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of cucumber plants at ambient RZT, resulted in the photosynthetic acclimation, as illustrated by the significant reduction of nitrogen concentration and the increased concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in leaves. In comparison, the combination of elevated [CO2] and RZT decreased the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch and maintained the nitrogen concentration in leaves, which caused a higher Pn, Gs and Tr. Meanwhile, more soluble sugar and starch were allocated from leaves to Roots due to the higher Root respiratory under elevated [CO2] and RZT treatment. Moreover, elevated RZT could facilitate the mineral nutrients absorption by Roots and the upward transportation because of the larger Root system and higher Tr. Therefore, elevated RZT could offset the decrease in Pn and improve Gs and Tr under elevated [CO2], which indicated an alleviation of the photosynthetic acclimation of cucumber plants exposed to long-term elevated [CO2].
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low Root Zone Temperature limits nutrient effects on cucumber seedling growth and induces adversity physiological response
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2013Co-Authors: Qiuyan Yan, Zengqiang Duan, Jingdong Mao, Lan Xun, Fei DongAbstract:Effects of Root-Zone Temperatures (RZT) (12°C-RZT and 20°C-RZT) and different N, P, and K nutrient regimes on the growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzyme in cucumber seedlings were investigated in hydroponics. Strong interactions were observed between RZT and nutrient on the dry weight (P=0.001), Root length (P=0.001) and leaf area (P=0.05). Plant dry weights were suppressed at low RZT of 12°C, while higher biomass and growth of cucumber seedlings were produced at elevated RZT of 20°C under each nutrient treatment. Growth indexes (plant height, internode length, Root length, and leaf area) at 12°C-RZT had less difference among nutrient treatments, but greater response was obtained for different nutrients at high RZT. RZT had larger effects (P=0.001) on cucumber seedling growth than nutrients. In addition, N was more effective nutrients to plant growth than P and K under low Root Temperature to plant growth. Higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS) contents in leaves were observed at 12°C-RZT in all nutrient treatments than those at 20°C-RZT, indicating the chilling adversity damaged to plant growth. In general, antioxidant enzyme had larger response under low Root-Zone Temperature. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher in both leaves and Roots while peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) showed large different action in leaves and Roots at both the two Root-Zone Temperature.
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effects of Root Zone Temperature and n p and k supplies on nutrient uptake of cucumber cucumis sativus l seedlings in hydroponics
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Qiuyan Yan, Zengqiang Duan, Jingdong Mao, Fei DongAbstract:The nutrient uptake and allocation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings at different Root-Zone Temperatures (RZT) and different concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients were examined. Plants were grown in a nutrient solution for 30 d at two Root-Zone Temperatures (a diurnally fluctuating ambient 10°C-RZT and a constant 20°C-RZT) with the aerial parts of the plants maintained at ambient Temperature (10°C–30°C). Based on a Hoagland nutrient solution, seven N, P, and K nutrient concentrations were supplied to the plants at each RZT. Results showed that total plant and shoot dry weights under each nutrient treatment were significantly lower at low Root-Zone Temperature (10°C-RZT) than at elevated Root-Zone Temperature (20°C-RZT). But higher Root dry weights were obtained at 10°C-RZT than those at 20°C-RZT. Total plant dry weights at both 10°C-RZT and 20°C-RZT were increased with increased solution N concentration, but showed different responses under P and K treatments....
